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Smith LE, Martin AF, Brooks SK, Davies R, Stein MV, Amlôt R, Marteau TM, Rubin GJ. Measuring and increasing rates of self-isolation in the context of COVID-19: a systematic review with narrative synthesis. Public Health 2024:S0033-3506(24)00226-9. [PMID: 38972797 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate (1) definitions of self-isolation used during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) measures used to quantify adherence and their reliability, validity, and acceptability; (3) rates of self-isolation adherence; and (4) factors associated with adherence. STUDY DESIGN This was a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines (PROSPERO record CRD42022377820). METHODS MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, PsyArXiv, medRxiv, and grey literature sources were searched (1 January 2020 to 13 December 2022) using terms related to COVID-19, isolation, and adherence. Studies were included if they contained original, quantitative data of self-isolation adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic. We extracted definitions of self-isolation, measures used to quantify adherence, adherence rates, and factors associated with adherence. RESULTS We included 45 studies. Self-isolation was inconsistently defined. Four studies did not use self-report measures. Of 41 studies using self-report, one reported reliability; another gave indirect evidence for the lack of validity of the measure. Rates of adherence to self-isolation for studies with only some concerns of bias were 51%-86% for COVID-19 cases, 78%-94% for contacts, and 16% for people with COVID-19-like symptoms. There was little evidence that self-isolation adherence was associated with sociodemographic or psychological factors. CONCLUSIONS There was no consensus in defining, operationalising, or measuring self-isolation, resulting in significant risk of bias in included studies. Future definitions of self-isolation should state behaviours to be enacted and duration. People recommended to self-isolate should be given support. Public health campaigns should aim to increase perceived effectiveness of self-isolation and promote accurate information about susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Smith
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, United Kingdom; UK Health Security Agency, Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, United Kingdom.
| | - A F Martin
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, United Kingdom
| | - S K Brooks
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, United Kingdom
| | - R Davies
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, United Kingdom
| | - M V Stein
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - R Amlôt
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom; UK Health Security Agency, Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, United Kingdom
| | - T M Marteau
- University of Cambridge, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, United Kingdom
| | - G J Rubin
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, United Kingdom
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Ali-Saleh O, Bord S, Basis F. Factors Associated with Israeli Arab Women Anxiety and Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-01928-y. [PMID: 38600430 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-01928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports have shown that women suffered from anxiety, stress, depression, and fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic more than men. No study so far has examined the effect of the pandemic among the Arab minority in Israel. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between levels of pandemic fatigue and stress of Israeli Arab women, and their anxiety and depression, along with their socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics. METHODS A Cohen and Williamson questionnaire, which was based on a Likert scale, was distributed by the snowball method through social networks. Bivariate associations between the psycho-social and demographic characteristics and anxiety and depression were assessed using t-tests, chi-square tests, Z tests, and Pearson correlations. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the associations with anxiety and depression, and the mediation model was examined with path analysis with bootstrapping. RESULTS Among 2294 Israeli Arab mothers who participated in the study, 63.7% were in the clinical range for anxiety, 67.4% for depression, and 57.5% for both anxiety and depression. Low economic status, pandemic fatigue, living in closed communities, and stress were related to anxiety and depression. Pandemic fatigue was positively related to stress, which was positively related to both anxiety and depression (standardized indirect effect = 0.137, SE = 0.014, 95%CI = 0.111, 0.164, p < .001; vs. 0.133, SE = 0.013, 95%CI = 0.108, 0.160, p < .001 respectively). The contribution of stress to anxiety and depression was significantly greater than that of pandemic fatigue (Z = 19.43 and Z = 18.04, p < .001, for anxiety and depression, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Demographic characteristics may put Arab women at a higher risk of anxiety and depression. Elevated stress alongside high fatigue may trigger mental health difficulties. The welfare of minorities should be addressed by policymakers in relation to their demographic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ali-Saleh
- Department of Health Systems Management, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Jezreel Valley, 1930600, Israel
| | - S Bord
- Department of Health Systems Management, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Jezreel Valley, 1930600, Israel
| | - F Basis
- Department of Health Systems Management, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Jezreel Valley, 1930600, Israel.
- Rambam Health Care Campus, 3109601, Haifa, Israel.
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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Chen G, Zhang H, Hu Y, Luo C. Trust as a catalyst: revealing the impact of government trust and professional trust on public health policy compliance during a pandemic. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:957. [PMID: 38575954 PMCID: PMC10993454 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing research has extensively explored the relationship between government trust and compliance behaviour, but significant controversies exist. Some studies suggest a strong positive correlation between the two. Other studies have found that government trust hinders compliance behaviour. However, during the pandemic, the effectiveness of public health policies largely depends on the public's compliance with these policies. To examine the aforementioned controversies, this study utilizes survey data on the Chinese population during the COVID-19 period to explore the relationship between compliance with public health policies and government trust. METHODS The study conducted a questionnaire survey of 1,395 individuals from 25 provinces in China from mid-November to mid-December 2022. Firstly, we categorized the public's compliance behaviour with public health policies based on the results of factor analysis. Subsequently, we examined the impact of government trust and professional trust on compliance behaviour with public health policies by constructing a structural equation model. RESULTS Based on the results of factor analysis, we classified public adherence to public health policies into protective compliance and restrictive compliance. Results from the structural equation model show a positive correlation between the public's trust in the government and both protective and restrictive compliance, with a stronger influence on protective compliance. Government trust also exerts a positive impact on restrictive compliance behaviour through professional trust. Additionally, the study indicates a significant positive correlation between the public's professional trust and restrictive compliance, while it does not significantly affect protective compliance. Moreover, the public from rural areas demonstrates a greater willingness to adhere to both types of public health policies. Married individuals exhibit a stronger inclination toward protective compliance, while females show a stronger tendency toward restrictive compliance. CONCLUSION The study revealed a significant positive impact of government trust and professional trust on compliance behaviour with public health policies during the COVID-19 pandemic, refuting any negative correlation between government trust and compliance behaviour. Normative motivations for compliance behaviour had a substantial impact on adherence. These findings offer valuable insights for future public health crisis management and public policy formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobang Chen
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunyan Luo
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Videl H, Levin C, Azulay Chertok I. Perceived Health Risks, Health Behaviors, and BMI Among Diverse Adults in Israel. J Transcult Nurs 2024; 35:151-160. [PMID: 38158789 DOI: 10.1177/10436596231217681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is associated with an increased relative risk of COVID-19-related mortality. The interplay of culture and religion in the overweight/obesity context has been minimally examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between preventive health behaviors, sociodemographic factors, and obesity among religiously diverse adults in Israel. METHODS Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, an online survey was distributed to diverse adults in Israel during the pandemic using social media, email, and snowball methods. RESULTS Participants included 635 adults: 69.1% Jewish, 26.5% Muslim, and 4.4% "other." Jewish adults scored lower than others on perceived personal risk (p < .001), infection spread risk (p < .001), and preventive behaviors engagement (p < .005). Higher body mass index (BMI) predicted higher personal risk and higher likelihood of preventive behaviors engagement (p < .001). DISCUSSION Results demonstrate the association between religion, health risk perceptions, and COVID-19-related health behaviors. Nurses should consider the influence of culture and religion on health practices and recommend relevant lifestyle modifications to reduce COVID-19 risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Videl
- The Jerusalem College of Technology-Lev Academic Center, Israel
- Herzliya Medical Center, Israel
| | - Chedva Levin
- The Jerusalem College of Technology-Lev Academic Center, Israel
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Huguet-Torres A, Castro-Sánchez E, Capitán-Moyano L, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Bennasar-Veny M, Yáñez AM. Personal protective measures and settings on the risk of SARS-COV-2 community transmission: a case-control study. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1327082. [PMID: 38259788 PMCID: PMC10801386 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1327082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, nurses of primary health care has been an important role in Spain. Even so, the data obtained in the tracing have been scarcely used to investigate the possible mechanisms of transmission. Few studies focused on community transmission, evaluating the effectiveness of individual protective measures and exposure environment. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the association between individual protective measures and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community and to compare secondary attack rates in different exposure settings. Methods A case-control study from contact tracing of SARS-CoV-2 index patients. COVID-19 contact tracing was led by nurses at the COVID-19 Coordinating Centre in Majorca (Spain). During the systematic tracing, additional information for this study was collected from the index patient (social-demographic variables, symptoms, the number of close contacts). And also, the following variables from their close contacts: contact place, ventilation characteristics mask-wearing, type of mask, duration of contact, shortest distance, case-contact relationship, household members, and handwashing, the test result for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic. Close contacts with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 were classified as "cases" and those negative as "controls." Results A total of 1,778 close contacts from 463 index patients were identified. No significant differences were observed between the sexes but between age groups. Overall Secondary Attack Rate (SAR) was 24.0% (95% CI: 22.0-26.0%), 36.9% (95% CI: 33.2-40.6%) in closed spaces without ventilation and 50.7% (95% CI: 45.6-55.8%) in exposure time > 24 h. A total of 49.2% of infections occurred among household members. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that open-air setting (OR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.27-0.71), exposure for less than 1 h (OR 0.19, 95% CI: 0.11-0.32), and wearing a mask (OR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28-0.85) had a protective effect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. Conclusion Ventilation of the space, mask-wearing and shorter exposure time were associated with a lower risk of transmission in the community. The data obtained allowed an assessment of community transmission mechanisms and could have helped to improve and streamline tracing by identifying close contacts at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Huguet-Torres
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Research Group on Global Health, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Enrique Castro-Sánchez
- Research Group on Global Health, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- College of Business, Arts, and Social Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Capitán-Moyano
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Research Group on Global Health, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Cristian Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Research Group on Global Health, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Bennasar-Veny
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Research Group on Global Health, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Research Group on Global Health and Lifestyle, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina M Yáñez
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Research Group on Global Health, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Research Group on Global Health and Lifestyle, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
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Obeid S, Mashiach-Eizenberg M, Gur A, Lavy I. Examining Ethnic Disparities in Digital Healthcare Services Utilization: Insights from Israel. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:3533-3544. [PMID: 38024120 PMCID: PMC10661913 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s429121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine ethnic disparities in the utilization of digital healthcare services (DHS) in Israel and explore the characteristics and factors influencing DHS use among the Arab minority and Jewish majority populations. Methods A cross-sectional correlational design was employed to collect data from 606 Israeli participants, 445 Jews, and 161 Arabs. Participants completed a digital questionnaire that assessed DHS utilization, digital health literacy, attitudes towards DHS, and demographic variables. Results The findings reveal significant disparities in DHS utilization and attitudes between these ethnic groups, with Jewish participants demonstrating higher rates of utilization and positive attitudes toward DHS. The study also explores the predictive role of digital health literacy and attitudes in DHS use while considering ethnicity as a potential moderator. Significant predicting factors related to DHS utilization among Jews include positive attitudes and high health literacy. Among the Arabs, only attitudes towards DHS significantly predict the extent of DHS use. Digital health literacy affects the extent of use through attitudes at the two groups of the moderator significantly, but it is stronger among the Arab group. Conclusion To improve healthcare outcomes and reduce disparities, efforts should focus on ensuring equitable access to DHS for the Arab minority population. Targeted interventions, including digital literacy education, removing technology access barriers, offering services in Arabic, and collaborating with community organizations, can help bridge the gap and promote equal utilization of DHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Obeid
- Department of Nursing, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Israel
- Public Health Research Department, North District, the Ministry of Health, Nof Hagalil, Israel
| | - Michal Mashiach-Eizenberg
- Department of Health Systems Management, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Israel
| | - Amit Gur
- Department of Health Systems Management, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Israel
| | - Ilana Lavy
- Department of Information Systems, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Israel
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