Gender differences in the association of ELMO1 genetic variants with type 2 diabetes in Tunisian Arabs

Association between ELMO1 gene polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Previous research has suggested that the ELMO1 gene may play a role in the development of diabetic kidney disease. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes and the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE

This study aim was to systematically review and explore the association between ELMO1 gene polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease. A comprehensive systematic review provides a clear conclusion and high-level evidence for the association between ELMO1 gene and DKD for future application in personalized medicine.

METHODS

A comprehensive search of electronic databases, per PRISMA instructions, was conducted in Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed databases from 1980 to January 2023. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using appropriate models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity and assess the robustness of the findings.

RESULTS

A total of 5794 diabetes patients with DKD, 4886 diabetes patients without DKD, and 2023 healthy controls were included in the 17 studies that made up this systematic review. In the investigation of DM (Diabetes Mellitus) with DKD vs. DM without DKD, the susceptibility for DKD for the EMLO1 rs741301 polymorphism indicated a significant difference under the dominant, homozygote, and recessive genetic models. The susceptibility for DKD for the EMLO1 rs1345365, rs10255208, and rs7782979 polymorphisms demonstrated a significant difference under the allele genetic models in the analysis of DM with DKD vs. DM without DKD groups. There was a considerable increase in DKD risk in the Middle East when the population was stratified by the region.

CONCLUSION

The findings of the meta-analysis show that there are a significant connection between the EMLO1 rs741301 polymorphism and DKD susceptibility in overall analyses; as well as rs1345365, rs10255208, and rs7782979 polymorphisms; especially in the Middle East region.

Comparative Morphological, Metabolic and Transcriptome Analyses in elmo1−/−, elmo2−/−, and elmo3−/− Zebrafish Mutants Identified a Functional Non-Redundancy of the Elmo Proteins

The ELMO protein family consists of the homologues ELMO1, ELMO2 and ELMO3. Several studies have shown that the individual ELMO proteins are involved in a variety of cellular and developmental processes. However, it has poorly been understood whether the Elmo proteins show similar functions and act redundantly. To address this question, elmo1−/−, elmo2−/− and elmo3−/− zebrafish were generated and a comprehensive comparison of the phenotypic changes in organ morphology, transcriptome and metabolome was performed in these mutants. The results showed decreased fasting and increased postprandial blood glucose levels in adult elmo1−/−, as well as a decreased vascular formation in the adult retina in elmo1−/−, but an increased vascular formation in the adult elmo3−/− retina. The phenotypical comparison provided few similarities, as increased Bowman space areas in adult elmo1−/− and elmo2−/− kidneys, an increased hyaloid vessel diameter in elmo1−/− and elmo3−/− and a transcriptional downregulation of the vascular development in elmo1−/−, elmo2−/−, and elmo3−/− zebrafish larvae. Besides this, elmo1−/−, elmo2−/−, and elmo3−/− zebrafish exhibited several distinct changes in the vascular and glomerular structure and in the metabolome and the transcriptome. Especially, elmo3−/− zebrafish showed extensive differences in the larval transcriptome and an impaired survivability. Together, the data demonstrated that the three zebrafish Elmo proteins regulate not only similar but also divergent biological processes and mechanisms and show a low functional redundancy.

Assessment of differentially methylated loci in individuals with end-stage kidney disease attributed to diabetic kidney disease: an exploratory study

BACKGROUND

A subset of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are predisposed to developing diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the most common cause globally of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Emerging evidence suggests epigenetic changes in DNA methylation may have a causal role in both T1DM and DKD. The aim of this exploratory investigation was to assess differences in blood-derived DNA methylation patterns between individuals with T1DM-ESKD and individuals with long-duration T1DM but no evidence of kidney disease upon repeated testing to identify potential blood-based biomarkers. Blood-derived DNA from individuals (107 cases, 253 controls and 14 experimental controls) were bisulphite treated before DNA methylation patterns from both groups were generated and analysed using Illumina's Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip arrays (n = 862,927 sites). Differentially methylated CpG sites (dmCpGs) were identified (false discovery rate adjusted p ≤ × 10^-8 and fold change ± 2) by comparing methylation levels between ESKD cases and T1DM controls at single site resolution. Gene annotation and functionality was investigated to enrich and rank methylated regions associated with ESKD in T1DM.

RESULTS

Top-ranked genes within which several dmCpGs were located and supported by functional data with methylation look-ups in other cohorts include: AFF3, ARID5B, CUX1, ELMO1, FKBP5, HDAC4, ITGAL, LY9, PIM1, RUNX3, SEPTIN9 and UPF3A. Top-ranked enrichment pathways included pathways in cancer, TGF-β signalling and Th17 cell differentiation.

CONCLUSIONS

Epigenetic alterations provide a dynamic link between an individual's genetic background and their environmental exposures. This robust evaluation of DNA methylation in carefully phenotyped individuals has identified biomarkers associated with ESKD, revealing several genes and implicated key pathways associated with ESKD in individuals with T1DM.

Association of ELMO1 gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy among Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end stage renal failure or even death among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genetic predisposition is widely studied among these patients to identify manageable aspects of the disease pathogenesis. This study was carried out to test the association of engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1) gene polymorphism with DN among Egyptians. ELMO1 is required for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility.

METHODS

This case-control study was conducted on type 2 diabetic patients who attended Suez Canal University Hospital, Egypt, between November 2016 and October 2017. Peripheral blood was collected from 200 diabetic patients (without nephropathy), 200 patients with DN, and 100 healthy controls for DNA extraction. The single nucleotide polymorphism of ELMO1 (rs741301) was genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction and the allele discrimination technique.

RESULTS

GG genotype was significantly associated with DN (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-5.3) (P = .016). The OR for the high-risk allele (G) was 1.9 with 95% CI from 1.5 to 2.9 (P < .001).

CONCLUSION

ELMO1 gene (rs741301) polymorphism is a candidate variant in the predisposition to DN.

Genetics and genomics studies in type 2 diabetes: A brief review of the current scenario in the Arab region

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic and multi-factorial complex disease, the challenge to find genetic markers that could explain the risk of development of this disease still remains unresolved. The Arab region is one among the populations with a high prevalence of T2D and a large number of studies have been carried out in exploring the genetic factors associated with T2D risk.

AIM

To summarize the recent developments in the Arab world based on the recent studies that had looked into genetic factors associated with the development of T2D in the Arab populations.

METHODS

A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies published between 2015 and 2018 reporting genetic factors or polymorphisms associated with the risk of T2D in the Arab world. The online databases PubMed and Web of Science were used to perform the literature search.

CONCLUSION

The present study has evaluated 14 studies published during the year 2015-2018. Studies from Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and United Arab Emirates had been explored studying the associations of GIPR, ADIPOQ, FTO, (GRCh38.p12), MLXIP, AKNAD1, KCNJ11 CDKAL1, CDKN2A/2B, TCF7L2, ACE, SNAP25, ELMO1, VDR, KCTD8, GABRA4 and PRKD1 genes with T2D development.

Interaction between ELMO1 gene polymorphisms and environment factors on susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Chinese Han population

BACKGROUND

The association of diabetic nephropathy (DN) risk with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within Engulfment and Cell Motility 1 (ELMO1) gene and gene-environment synergistic effect have not been extensively examined in, therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the association between multiple SNPs in ELMO1 gene, and the relationship between gene-environment synergy effect and the risk of DN.

METHODS

Genotyping for 4 SNPs was performed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and following restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. Hardy-Weinberg balance of the control group was tested by SNPstats (online software: http://bioinfo.iconologia.net/snpstats). The best combination of four SNPs of ELMO1 gene and environmental factors was screened by GMDR model. Logistic regression was used to calculating the OR values between different genotypes of ELMO1 gene and DN.

RESULTS

The rs741301-G allele and the rs10255208-GG genotype were associated with an increased risk of DN risk, adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.75 (1.19-2.28) and 1.41 (1.06-1.92), respectively, both p-values were < 0.001. We also found that the others SNPs-rs1345365 and rs7782979 were not significantly associated with susceptibility to DN. GMDR model found a significant gene-alcohol drinking interaction combination (p = 0.0107), but no significant gene-hypertension interaction combinations. Alcohol drinkers with rs741301-AG/GG genotype also have the highest DN risk, compared to never drinkers with rs741301-AA genotype, OR (95% CI) 3.52 (1.93-4.98).

CONCLUSIONS

The rs741301-G allele and the rs10255208-GG genotype, gene-environment interaction between rs741301 and alcohol drinking were all associated with increased DN risk.

Opposite Genetic Effects of CMIP Polymorphisms on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Family-Based Study in China

C-Maf Inducing Protein (CMIP) gene polymorphisms were reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Whether the association between CMIP and T2DM is mediated via obesity-related phenotypes is still unclear. We analyzed the association of CMIP rs2925979 with T2DM and a comprehensive set of obesity-related phenotypes in 1576 families ascertained from a Chinese population. These families included a total of 3444 siblings (1582 with T2DM, 963 with prediabetes, and 899 with a normal glucose level). Using multi-level mixed effects regression models, we found that each copy of CMIP rs2925979_T allele was associated with a 29% higher risk of T2DM in females (p = 9.30 × 10^-4), while it was not significantly associated with T2DM in males (p = 0.705). Meanwhile, rs2925979_T allele was associated with lower levels of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), percentage of body fat (PBF), PBF of arms, PBF of legs, and PBF of trunk in nondiabetes females (all p < 0.05). The opposite associations of rs2925979_T allele with T2DM and obesity-related phenotypes suggest that CMIP may exert independent pleiotropic effects on T2DM and obesity-related phenotypes in females.