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Qu R, Liu N, Wen Q, Guo J, Ge F. Molecular mechanism of dissolvable metal nanoparticles-enhanced CO 2 fixation by algae: Metal-chlorophyll synthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123987. [PMID: 38621453 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Algae-driven photosynthetic CO2 fixation is a promising strategy to mitigate global climate changes and energy crises. Yet, the presence of metal nanoparticles (NPs), particularly dissolvable NPs, in aquatic ecosystems introduces new complexities due to their tendency to release metal ions that may perturb metabolic processes related to algal CO2 fixation. This study selected six representative metal NPs (Fe3O4, ZnO, CuO, NiO, MgO, and Ag) to investigate their impacts on CO2 fixation by algae (Chlorella vulgaris). We discovered an intriguing phenomenon that bivalent metal ions released from the metal NPs, especially from ZnO NPs, substituted Mg2+ within the porphyrin ring. This interaction led to 81.8% and 76.1% increases in Zinc-chlorophyll and Magnesium-chlorophyll contents within algal cells at 0.01 mM ZnO NPs, respectively. Integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed that ZnO NPs mainly promoted the photosynthesis-antenna protein pathway, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and carbon fixation pathway, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of Zn2+ substitution in light harvesting and energy transfer for CO2 fixation. Ultimately, the genes encoding Rubisco large subunit (rbcL) responsible for CO2 fixation were upregulated to 2.60-fold, resulting in a 76.3% increase in carbon fixation capacity. Similar upregulations of rbcL expression (1.13-fold) and carbon fixation capacity (76.1%) were observed in algal cells even at 0.001 mM ZnO NPs, accompanied by valuable lipid accumulation. This study offers novel insights into the molecular mechanism underlying NPs on CO2 fixation by algae and potentially introduces strategies for global carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohua Qu
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Eco-Health, Hunan, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Eco-Health, Hunan, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
| | - Qiong Wen
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Eco-Health, Hunan, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Eco-Health, Hunan, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Eco-Health, Hunan, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
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Chen H, Li W, Chen X, Liu G, Liu X, Cui X, Liu D. Viral infections inhibit saponin biosynthesis and photosynthesis in Panax notoginseng. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108038. [PMID: 37722283 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Virus-infected Panax notoginseng plants with chlorotic, mosaic, and pitted leaves are ubiquitous in the primary P. notoginseng-producing region in Wenshan autonomous prefecture, Yunnan province, China. However, the viruses that infect P. notoginseng and the effects of viral infections on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and photosynthesis remain unknown. This study identified a variety of viruses infecting P. notoginseng plants via deep-sequencing of small RNA (sRNA). Of the 10 identified viruses, seven had not previously been detected in P. notoginseng, including Cauliflower mosaic virus and Soybean chlorotic mottle virus. In addition, the simultaneous infection of P. notoginseng by Panax notoginseng virus A (PnVA), Panax cryptic virus 4 (PCV4), and Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) was confirmed by PCR. Moreover, a quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of key genes related to saponin biosynthesis were generally down-regulated in the virus-infected P. notoginseng. Additionally, high-performance liquid chromatography results indicated the saponin content decreased in the roots of virus-infected P. notoginseng plants. The activities of photosynthesis-related enzymes, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, and fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase, decreased significantly in the virus-infected P. notoginseng plants. The viral infections also induced the expression of antioxidant genes and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, the expression levels of many resistance-related genes were up-regulated in P. notoginseng plants inoculated with a viral suspension. The study results provide the foundation for future research on P. notoginseng viral diseases, which may lead to the development of enhanced disease control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenyun Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Guanze Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xuyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Diqiu Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Gan X, Zhang W, Lan S, Hu D. Novel Cyclized Derivatives of Ferulic Acid as Potential Antiviral Agents through Activation of Photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1369-1380. [PMID: 36626162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To further develop new antiviral agents, several novel cyclized derivatives of ferulic acid were designed and synthesized. Their antiviral activities were evaluated against the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The results showed that some ferulic acid derivatives exhibited desirable antiviral activities. Particularly, compound 5e exhibited excellent protective activities against CMV, PMMoV, and TSWV, with EC50 values of 167.2, 102.5, and 145.8 μg mL-1, respectively, which were superior to those obtained for trans-ferulic acid (581.7, 611.2, and 615.4 μg mL-1), dufulin (312.6, 302.5, and 298.2 μg mL-1), and ningnanmycin (264.3, 282.5, and 276.5 μg mL-1). Thereafter, the protective mechanisms of 5e were evaluated through photosynthesis evaluation, transcriptome profiling, and proteomic analysis. The results indicated that 5e significantly activated the expression levels of photosynthesis-related regulatory genes and proteins in tobacco plants and promoted the accumulation of defense molecules to resist viral infection. Thus, the findings of this study indicated that novel cyclized ferulic acid derivatives are potential antiviral agents that act via regulating photosynthesis in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhai Gan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shichao Lan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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Ershova N, Sheshukova E, Kamarova K, Arifulin E, Tashlitsky V, Serebryakova M, Komarova T. Nicotiana benthamiana Kunitz peptidase inhibitor-like protein involved in chloroplast-to-nucleus regulatory pathway in plant-virus interaction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1041867. [PMID: 36438111 PMCID: PMC9685412 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1041867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses use a variety of strategies to infect their host. During infection, viruses cause symptoms of varying severity, which are often associated with altered leaf pigmentation due to structural and functional damage to chloroplasts that are affected by viral proteins. Here we demonstrate that Nicotiana benthamiana Kunitz peptidase inhibitor-like protein (KPILP) gene is induced in response to potato virus X (PVX) infection. Using reverse genetic approach, we have demonstrated that KPILP downregulates expression of LHCB1 and LHCB2 genes of antenna light-harvesting complex proteins, HEMA1 gene encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase, which participates in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, and RBCS1A gene encoding RuBisCO small subunit isoform involved in the antiviral immune response. Thus, KPILP is a regulator of chloroplast retrograde signaling system during developing PVX infection. Moreover, KPILP was demonstrated to affect carbon partitioning: reduced glucose levels during PVX infection were associated with KPILP upregulation. Another KPILP function is associated with plasmodesmata permeability control. Its ability to stimulate intercellular transport of reporter 2xGFP molecules indicates that KPILP is a positive plasmodesmata regulator. Moreover, natural KPILP glycosylation is indispensable for manifestation of this function. During PVX infection KPILP increased expression leads to the reduction of plasmodesmata callose deposition. These results could indicate that KPILP affects plasmodesmata permeability via callose-dependent mechanism. Thus, virus entering a cell and starting reproduction triggers KPILP expression, which leads to downregulation of nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes associated with retrograde signaling, reduction in photoassimilates accumulation and increase in intercellular transport, creating favorable conditions for reproduction and spread of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ershova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sheshukova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamila Kamarova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenii Arifulin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Tashlitsky
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Serebryakova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Komarova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Simkovich A, Kohalmi SE, Wang A. Purification and Proteomics Analysis of Phloem Tissues from Virus-Infected Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2400:125-137. [PMID: 34905197 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1835-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant phloem vasculature is crucial for plant growth and development, and is essential for the systemic movement (SM) of plant viruses. Recent transcriptomic studies of the phloem during virus infection have shown the importance of this tissue, yet transcript levels do not provide definitive answers how virus-host interactions favour successful viral SM. Proteomic analyses have been used to identify host-virus protein interactions, uncovering a variety of ways by which viruses utilize host cellular machinery for completion of the viral infection cycle. Despite this new evidence through proteomics, very few phloem centric studies during viral infection have been performed. Here, we describe a protocol for the isolation of phloem tissues and proteins and the subsequent label-free quantitation (LFQ), for identification of proteomic alterations caused by viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Simkovich
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne E Kohalmi
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada.
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Liu GT, Wang BB, Lecourieux D, Li MJ, Liu MB, Liu RQ, Shang BX, Yin X, Wang LJ, Lecourieux F, Xu Y. Proteomic analysis of early-stage incompatible and compatible interactions between grapevine and P. viticola. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:100. [PMID: 33931609 PMCID: PMC8087781 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Wild grapevines can show strong resistance to the downy mildew pathogen P. viticola, but the associated mechanisms are poorly described, especially at early stages of infection. Here, we performed comparative proteomic analyses of grapevine leaves from the resistant genotype V. davidii "LiuBa-8" (LB) and susceptible V. vinifera "Pinot Noir" (PN) 12 h after inoculation with P. viticola. By employing the iTRAQ technique, a total of 444 and 349 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in LB and PN, respectively. The majority of these DEPs were related to photosynthesis, respiration, cell wall modification, protein metabolism, stress, and redox homeostasis. Compared with PN, LB showed fewer downregulated proteins associated with photosynthesis and more upregulated proteins associated with metabolism. At least a subset of PR proteins (PR10.2 and PR10.3) was upregulated upon inoculation in both genotypes, whereas HSP (HSP70.2 and HSP90.6) and cell wall-related XTH and BXL1 proteins were specifically upregulated in LB and PN, respectively. In the incompatible interaction, ROS signaling was evident by the accumulation of H2O2, and multiple APX and GST proteins were upregulated. These DEPs may play crucial roles in the grapevine response to downy mildew. Our results provide new insights into molecular events associated with downy mildew resistance in grapevine, which may be exploited to develop novel protection strategies against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- UMR1287 EGFV, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Bian-Bian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - David Lecourieux
- UMR1287 EGFV, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mei-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ming-Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui-Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bo-Xing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fatma Lecourieux
- UMR1287 EGFV, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Leonetti P, Ghasemzadeh A, Consiglio A, Gursinsky T, Behrens S, Pantaleo V. Endogenous activated small interfering RNAs in virus-infected Brassicaceae crops show a common host gene-silencing pattern affecting photosynthesis and stress response. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1650-1664. [PMID: 32945560 PMCID: PMC7821159 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are accompanied by a massive production of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of plant origin, such as virus-activated (va)siRNAs, which drive the widespread silencing of host gene expression, and whose effects in plant pathogen interactions remain unknown. By combining phenotyping and molecular analyses, we characterized vasiRNAs that are associated with typical mosaic symptoms of cauliflower mosaic virus infection in two crops, turnip (Brassica rapa) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus), and the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified 15 loci in the three infected plant species, whose transcripts originate vasiRNAs. These loci appear to be generally affected by virus infections in Brassicaceae and encode factors that are centrally involved in photosynthesis and stress response, such as Rubisco activase (RCA), senescence-associated protein, heat shock protein HSP70, light harvesting complex, and membrane-related protein CP5. During infection, the expression of these factors is significantly downregulated, suggesting that their silencing is a central component of the plant's response to virus infections. Further findings indicate an important role for 22 nt long vasiRNAs in the plant's endogenous RNA silencing response. Our study considerably enhances knowledge about the new class of vasiRNAs that are triggered in virus-infected plants and will help to advance strategies for the engineering of gene clusters involved in the development of crop diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Leonetti
- Department of Biology, Agricultural and Food SciencesInstitute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionBari UnitCNRBari70126Italy
| | - Aysan Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Biology, Agricultural and Food SciencesInstitute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionBari UnitCNRBari70126Italy
- Department of Plant PathologyFaculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehran14115‐111Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (NFI)Section Microbial BiotechnologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle/SaaleD‐06120Germany
| | - Arianna Consiglio
- Department of Biomedical SciencesInstitute for Biomedical TechnologiesBari UnitCNRBari70126Italy
| | - Torsten Gursinsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (NFI)Section Microbial BiotechnologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle/SaaleD‐06120Germany
| | - Sven‐Erik Behrens
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (NFI)Section Microbial BiotechnologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle/SaaleD‐06120Germany
| | - Vitantonio Pantaleo
- Department of Biology, Agricultural and Food SciencesInstitute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionBari UnitCNRBari70126Italy
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Fingu-Mabola JC, Bawin T, Francis F. Direct and Indirect Effect via Endophytism of Entomopathogenic Fungi on the Fitness of Myzus persicae and Its Ability to Spread PLRV on Tobacco. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020089. [PMID: 33494162 PMCID: PMC7909804 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Aphids are major crop pests that are feeding on plant sap and transmitting plant viruses, thus inducing high yield losses worldwide. As chemical pesticides are decreasingly used in plant protection, fungi that cause disease to insects (entomopathogenic fungi) are one of the promising alternatives. They are commonly applied by spraying plants to protect them against herbivores. When applied, some fungi penetrate and live within plant tissues, thus helping to internally protect from insect attacks and other plant diseases. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) applied firstly by contact after insect direct spraying, secondly by endophytic plant inoculation, and thirdly by associated both methods assessing the green peach aphid performances. The impact of the presence of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi (EEPF) in plant tissues on virus transmission by aphids was also considered. We found that the EPF Beauveria bassiana killed the green peach aphid and reduced its fecundity regardless of the application method. On fungal-inoculated plants, there was also a high mortality of aphid nymphs and infection by the potato leafroll virus (PLRV) was delayed by about a week with the EEPF treatment compared to fungal-free plants. This study showed that spraying plant leaves with EPF not only has a direct insecticidal effect against insects but could also have beneficial side effects for the plant against viruses. Abstract Aphids are major crop pests that transmit more than half of all insect-vectored plant viruses responsible for high yield losses worldwide. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are biological control agents mainly used by foliar application to control herbivores, including sap-sucking pests such as aphids. Their ability to colonize plant tissues and to interact with diverse plant pathogenic microorganisms have been reported. In our study, we evaluated the effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana ((Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin) directly applied by contact or/and indirectly via endophytism in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) against the virus vector Myzus persicae (Sulzer) carrying the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) or not. We found that both contact treatment and endophytic colonization of leaves significantly increased aphid mortality and decreased the fecundity rate when compared to control plants. In addition, on fungal-colonized leaves, viruliferous aphids were more negatively impacted than virus-free ones and nymph mortality was significantly higher than on fungal-free plants. Furthermore, we assessed PLRV transmission by M. persicae on tobacco plants inoculated with either B. bassiana or Metarhizium acridum ((Driver and Milner) JF Bischoff, Rehner, and Humber) as source or/and recipient plants. Myzus persicae was found to acquire and transmit PLRV regardless of the treatment. Nevertheless, the infection rate of endophytically colonized plants was lower at a seven-day incubation period and had increased to almost 100% after fifteen days. These results suggest that B. bassiana is effective against aphids, both by contact and via endophytism, and both B. bassiana and M. acridum delayed PLRV infection in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junior Corneille Fingu-Mabola
- Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, Terra, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège-Université, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Bawin
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 2019 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, Terra, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège-Université, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
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Sáez C, Flores-León A, Montero-Pau J, Sifres A, Dhillon NPS, López C, Picó B. RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis Provides Candidate Genes for Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Melon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:798858. [PMID: 35116050 PMCID: PMC8805612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) emerged in the Mediterranean Basin in 2012 as the first DNA bipartite begomovirus (Geminiviridae family), causing severe yield and economic losses in cucurbit crops. A major resistance locus was identified in the wild melon accession WM-7 (Cucumis melo kachri group), but the mechanisms involved in the resistant response remained unknown. In this work, we used RNA-sequencing to identify disease-associated genes that are differentially expressed in the course of ToLCNDV infection and could contribute to resistance. Transcriptomes of the resistant WM-7 genotype and the susceptible cultivar Piñonet Piel de Sapo (PS) (C. melo ibericus group) in ToLCNDV and mock inoculated plants were compared at four time points during infection (0, 3, 6, and 12 days post inoculation). Different gene expression patterns were observed over time in the resistant and susceptible genotypes in comparison to their respective controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ToLCNDV-infected plants were classified using gene ontology (GO) terms, and genes of the categories transcription, DNA replication, and helicase activity were downregulated in WM-7 but upregulated in PS, suggesting that reduced activity of these functions reduces ToLCNDV replication and intercellular spread and thereby contributes to resistance. DEGs involved in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, photosynthesis, RNA silencing, transmembrane, and sugar transporters entail adverse consequences for systemic infection in the resistant genotype, and lead to susceptibility in PS. The expression levels of selected candidate genes were validated by qRT-PCR to corroborate their differential expression upon ToLCNDV infection in resistant and susceptible melon. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with an effect on structural functionality of DEGs linked to the main QTLs for ToLCNDV resistance have been identified. The obtained results pinpoint cellular functions and candidate genes that are differentially expressed in a resistant and susceptible melon line in response to ToLCNDV, an information of great relevance for breeding ToLCNDV-resistant melon cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sáez
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Sáez,
| | - Alejandro Flores-León
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Montero-Pau
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Sifres
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Narinder P. S. Dhillon
- World Vegetable Center, East and Southeast Asia, Research and Training Station, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Carmelo López
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Carmelo López,
| | - Belén Picó
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Belén Picó,
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10
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Noronha Souza PF, Abreu Oliveira JT, Vasconcelos IM, Magalhães VG, Albuquerque Silva FD, Guedes Silva RG, Oliveira KS, Franco OL, Gomes Silveira JA, Leite Carvalho FE. H 2O 2Accumulation, Host Cell Death and Differential Levels of Proteins Related to Photosynthesis, Redox Homeostasis, and Required for Viral Replication Explain the Resistance of EMS-mutagenized Cowpea to Cowpea Severe Mosaic Virus. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 245:153110. [PMID: 31918353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) represents one of the main limitations for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) productivity due to the severity of the disease symptoms, frequency of incidence, and difficulties in dissemination control. This study aimed to identify the proteins and metabolic pathways associated with the susceptibility and resistance of cowpea plants to CPSMV. Therefore, we treated the seeds of a naturally susceptible cowpea genotype (CE-31) with the mutagenic agent ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and compared the secondary leaf proteomic profile of the mutagenized resistant plants inoculated with CPSMV (MCPI plant group) to those of the naturally susceptible cowpea genotype CE-31 inoculated (CPI) and noninoculated (CPU) with CPSMV. MCPI responded to CPSMV by accumulating proteins involved in the oxidative burst, increasing H2O2 generation, promoting leaf cell death (LCD), increasing the synthesis of defense proteins, and decreasing host factors important for the establishment of CPSMV infection. In contrast, CPI accumulated several host factors that favor CPSMV infection and did not accumulate H2O2 or present LCD, which allowed CPSMV replication and systemic dissemination. Based on these results, we propose that the differential abundance of defense proteins and proteins involved in the oxidative burst, LCD, and the decrease in cowpea protein factors required for CPSMV replication are associated with the resistance trait acquired by the MCPI plant group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kleber Sousa Oliveira
- Proteomics Analysis and Biochemical Center, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luis Franco
- Proteomics Analysis and Biochemical Center, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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11
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Madroñero J, Corredor Rozo ZL, Escobar Pérez JA, Velandia Romero ML. Next generation sequencing and proteomics in plant virology: how is Colombia doing? ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v24n3.79486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop production and trade are two of the most economically important activities in Colombia, and viral diseases cause a high negative impact to agricultural sector. Therefore, the detection, diagnosis, control, and management of viral diseases are crucial. Currently, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and ‘Omic’ technologies constitute a right-hand tool for the discovery of novel viruses and for studying virus-plant interactions. This knowledge allows the development of new viral diagnostic methods and the discovery of key components of infectious processes, which could be used to generate plants resistant to viral infections. Globally, crop sciences are advancing in this direction. In this review, advancements in ‘omic’ technologies and their different applications in plant virology in Colombia are discussed. In addition, bioinformatics pipelines and resources for omics data analyses are presented. Due to their decreasing prices, NGS technologies are becoming an affordable and promising means to explore many phytopathologies affecting a wide variety of Colombian crops so as to improve their trade potential.
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12
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Souza PFN, Carvalho FEL. Killing two birds with one stone: How do Plant Viruses Break Down Plant Defenses and Manipulate Cellular Processes to Replicate Themselves? JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY = SINGMUL HAKHOE CHI 2019; 62:170-180. [PMID: 32218684 PMCID: PMC7090608 DOI: 10.1007/s12374-019-0056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As simple organisms with a parasite nature, viruses have become masters in manipulating and subvert cellular components, including host proteins and organelles, to improve viral replication. Therefore, the understanding of viral strategies to manipulate cell function disrupting plant defenses and enhancing viral infection cycles is fundamental to the production of virus-resistant plant lines. After invading susceptible plants, viruses create conditions that favor local and systemic infections by suppressing multiple layers of innate host defenses while use cellular machinery to own benefit. Viral interference in interlinked essential cellular functions results in phenotypic changes and disease symptoms, which debilitates plants favoring infection establishment. Herein in this review, the novelty it will be the discussion about the strategies used by (+) single strand RNA viruses to affect cellular processes and components to improve viral replication, in parallel to overcome plant defenses, favoring disease establishment by applying in one action using the same viral protein to coordinate viral replication and breaking down plant defense. This focus on plant-virus interaction was never done before, and this knowledge has the potential to help in the development of new strategies to produce resistant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Filho Noronha Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara Brazil
- Nebraska Center for Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska USA
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