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Berger E, O’Donohue K, Jeanes R, Alfrey L. Trauma-Informed Practice in Physical Activity Programs for Young People: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2584-2597. [PMID: 38153107 PMCID: PMC11370207 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231218293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity, sport, and physical education share many similar qualities with trauma-informed practice, including promoting relationships, inclusion, and physical and mental well-being. There is growing research and programs that incorporate trauma-informed practices into physical activity programs for young people. The aim of this systematic review was to explore current evidence-based, Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs for young people. Four databases were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews. The search identified 19 studies that highlighted most Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs reviewed resulted in positive social, emotional, behavioral, and academic outcomes for children and adolescents. However, further research and randomized control trials are required to understand the longitudinal outcomes of Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs for children and adolescents. Program facilitators reported on the benefits of support and professional development opportunities for trauma awareness to administer Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs with children and young people. Implications from this study emphasize the importance of the continued design, delivery, and research of Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs for young people exposed to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Berger
- Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Rural Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katelyn O’Donohue
- Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruth Jeanes
- Faculty of Education, School of Curriculum, Teaching, and Inclusive Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura Alfrey
- Faculty of Education, School of Curriculum, Teaching, and Inclusive Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Vik LM. Orienting to Marriage, Couple & Family Counseling: Integrating Adventure-Based Counseling Activities into the Classroom. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2022.2104769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Stea TH, Jong MC, Fegran L, Sejersted E, Jong M, Wahlgren SLH, Fernee CR. Mapping the Concept, Content, and Outcome of Family-Based Outdoor Therapy for Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Problems: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105825. [PMID: 35627364 PMCID: PMC9141554 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor therapy and family-based therapy are suggested to be promising interventions for the treatment of mental health problems. The aim of the present scoping review was to systematically map the concept, content, and outcome of combining family- and outdoor-based therapy for children and adolescents with mental health problems. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines were applied. Eligible qualitative and quantitative studies were screened, included, and extracted for data. Seven studies were included. Findings from these studies indicated that family-based outdoor therapy programs have a positive impact on family- and peer relationships, adolescent behavior, mental health, self-perceptions (self-concept), school success, social engagement, and delinquency rates. However, participant characteristics, study design, and content and mode of delivery of the interventions varied substantially, hence preventing detailed comparison of outcomes across studies. In addition, most of the studies included few participants and lacked population diversity and comparable control groups. Although important ethical concerns were raised, such as non-voluntary participation in some of the programs, there was a lack of reporting on safety. This review indicates that a combination of family- and outdoor-based therapy may benefit mental health among children and adolescents, but due to the limited number of studies eligible for inclusion and high levels of heterogeneity, it was difficult to draw firm conclusions. Thus, future theory-based studies using robust designs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje H. Stea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sørlandet Hospital HE, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway; (S.L.H.W.); (C.R.F.)
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miek C. Jong
- National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM), Department of Community Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Liv Fegran
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway;
| | - Ellen Sejersted
- The Library, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway;
| | - Mats Jong
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden;
| | - Sophia L. H. Wahlgren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sørlandet Hospital HE, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway; (S.L.H.W.); (C.R.F.)
| | - Carina R. Fernee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sørlandet Hospital HE, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway; (S.L.H.W.); (C.R.F.)
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
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Mattsson M, Fernee CR, Pärnänen K, Lyytinen P. Restoring Connectedness in and to Nature: Three Nordic Examples of Recontextualizing Family Therapy to the Outdoors. Front Psychol 2022; 13:768614. [PMID: 35360556 PMCID: PMC8964260 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.768614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mentalization-based family therapy and family rehabilitation represent a rich variety of approaches for assisting families with difficult interaction patterns. On the other hand, adventure therapy methods have been successfully used with families to offer them empowering experiences of succeeding together against difficult odds and to improve communication between family members. Further, the health promoting qualities of spending time outdoors are now well established and recognized. The Nordic approach to mentalization-based family rehabilitation combines adventure, outdoor, and systemic therapy. We provide three examples of nature-based family rehabilitation practices that are delivered as brief, multi-family psychological interventions taking place in nearby nature and aiming to support sustainable, systemic change. The current contribution is a description of clinical practice, not a systematic review or a formal evaluation. We propose that recontextualizing mentalization-based family rehabilitation to the outdoors can not only provide added health benefits, but also strengthen intra-familial attuned interaction and emotional connectedness. The outdoor adventure provides the families with embodied, multisensory experiences of verbal and, especially, non-verbal interaction that can be usefully examined through the lens of theory of mentalization. The concreteness of adventure experiences is particularly beneficial for families that have difficulties in verbal communication and/or utilizing executive functions, perhaps due to neuropsychiatric traits, intellectual disabilities, or learning difficulties. Furthermore, outdoor adventure can support the participants’ connectedness to nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mattsson
- The Foundation for the Rehabilitation of Children and Young People, The Mannerheim League for Child Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Carina Ribe Fernee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sørlandet Hospital HE, Kristiansand, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- *Correspondence: Carina Ribe Fernee,
| | - Kanerva Pärnänen
- The Foundation for the Rehabilitation of Children and Young People, The Mannerheim League for Child Welfare, Turku, Finland
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Lyytinen
- The Foundation for the Rehabilitation of Children and Young People, The Mannerheim League for Child Welfare, Turku, Finland
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Nowakowski-Sims E. Integrative Body, Mind, and Spirit Interventions used with Parents in the Child Welfare System. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:121-129. [PMID: 35222779 PMCID: PMC8837741 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parenting is a critical component of child welfare's intervention efforts; however, child welfare interventions attempt to correct dysfunctional parenting practices rather than address their shared underlying causes, such as parental stress and trauma. Ongoing stress can overload a parents' ability to access logical decision-making capabilities. Parents can utilize integrative body, mind, and spirit interventions to remain calm when they experience chronic stress. These interventions can offer stressed out parents techniques that focus on emotional regulation, and subsequently reduce the risk of child maltreatment. This article offers a comprehensive review of the literature identifying parental stress as a critical component of child welfare as well as the usefulness of including integrative mind, body, and spirit interventions with parents in the child welfare system.
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Parry YK, Abbott S, Ankers MD, Willis L, O'Brien T. Beyond Kayaking - A qualitative investigation of parents and facilitators views regrading an outdoor, activity-based, multi-session parenting intervention program. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:529-537. [PMID: 32896060 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Beyond Kayaking program is a free, outdoor activity-based, parenting intervention delivered across multiple sessions to vulnerable families in regional South Australia. Current literature on outdoor activity-based interventions have demonstrated improvements in family communication, problem-solving, bonding and trust. However, these studies are mostly based on single session interventions from the United States. This study explored the subjectively reported benefits of a multi-session intervention delivered in an Australian setting including how families perceived their relationships had changed (if at all) through participation in the program. This was accomplished through the use of open-ended, qualitative interviews with 20 parents who participated in the Beyond Kayaking program between 2016 and 2017. Additionally, a one-off focus group with three members of Beyond Kayaking staff was conducted to give context to the research. Thematic analysis of the data identified three dominant themes regarding participants' experiences of the Beyond Kayaking program. The first theme was 'building family capacity' and identified how kayaking produced an environment that helped families to communicate and problem solve together, which improved family understanding overall. The second theme was 'local culture' which discussed how education on local Indigenous culture helped build awareness in non-Indigenous people while helping Indigenous families to connect. The final theme 'support and shared circumstances' discussed the benefits of participants meeting people in similar circumstance, which helped them both improve, and feel better about, their own situation. Importantly, this study demonstrates that learning a new skill while being unsure and vulnerable in front of others strengthens family relationships - thus improving understanding of how activity-based interventions aid families. However, longitudinal research that follows up with participants is needed to better understand the lasting impacts of the improvements witnessed in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne K Parry
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shelly Abbott
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew David Ankers
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lyall Willis
- Centacare Catholic Family Services, Murray Bridge, South Australia, Australia
| | - Teresa O'Brien
- Communities for Children Programs, ac.care Murraylands, Murray Bridge, South Australia, Australia
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Frewen P, Mistry D, Zhu J, Kielt T, Wekerle C, Lanius RA, Jetly R. Proof of Concept of an Eclectic, Integrative Therapeutic Approach to Mental Health and Well-Being Through Virtual Reality Technology. Front Psychol 2020; 11:858. [PMID: 32581898 PMCID: PMC7290015 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Across three studies, we provide a proof-of-concept evaluation of an integrative psychotherapeutic application of virtual reality (VR) technology. Study 1 (n = 36) evaluated an unguided “safe-place” imagery task, where participants were instructed “to create a safe space… [such as] a scene, item, design, or any visual representation that makes you feel safe” using either the Google Tilt Brush application (VR condition), the standard Microsoft Paint application (2-D condition), or via eyes-closed mental imagery alone (IMG condition). Study 2 (n = 48) evaluated a narrative episodic recall task, where participants viewed their childhood and adult homes and places of schooling either using either the Google Earth VR application (VR condition) or the standard Google Earth application (2-D condition) or recalled these places with their eyes closed via mental imagery alone (IMG condition). Finally, Study 3 (n = 48) evaluated a guided wilderness imagery task, during which different scripts were narrated, specifically, a trail walk in autumn, a spring meadow, and a hillside walk in snowy winter, while either these same scenes were visually presented using the Nature Treks VR application (VR condition), the scenes were presented using the same software but shown on standard computer monitor (2-D condition), or participants’ eyes were closed (IMG condition). Order of intervention format was randomized across participants. Across all three studies, quantitative survey ratings showed that the VR format of intervention delivery produced greater positive affect and satisfaction and perceived credibility ratings as an intervention for trauma- and stressor-related disorders and psychological well-being as rated by university students who varied in traumatic and stressful life event history and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, whereas qualitative findings revealed additional themes of experiential response including increased experience of presence and vividness in the VR condition. Future research directions and clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Frewen
- University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Divya Mistry
- University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jenney Zhu
- University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Talia Kielt
- University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Rakesh Jetly
- Canadian Armed Forces, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Gabrielsen LE, Eskedal LT, Mesel T, Aasen GO, Hirte M, Kerlefsen RE, Palucha V, Fernee CR. The effectiveness of wilderness therapy as mental health treatment for adolescents in Norway: a mixed methods evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2018.1528166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leiv Einar Gabrielsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - Terje Mesel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Gunnar Oland Aasen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Martin Hirte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
| | - Reidun Erene Kerlefsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Vibeke Palucha
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Carina Ribe Fernee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
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