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Li RQ, Guo S, Wang X, Wan X, Xie S, Liu Y, Wang C, Zhang G, Cao J, Dai J, Ge M, Zhang W. Dual-strategy engineered nickel phosphide for achieving efficient hydrazine-assisted hydrogen production in seawater. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10084-10091. [PMID: 38966356 PMCID: PMC11220599 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01160k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic hydrogen production in seawater to alleviate freshwater shortage pressures is promising, but is hindered by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction and detrimental chloride electrochemistry. Herein, a dual strategy approach of Fe-doping and CeO2-decoration in nickel phosphide (Fe-Ni2P/CeO2) is rationally designed to achieve superior bifunctional catalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in seawater. Notably, the two-electrode Fe-Ni2P/CeO2-based hybrid seawater electrolyzer realizes energy-efficient and chlorine-free hydrogen production with ultralow cell voltages of 0.051 and 0.597 V at 10 and 400 mA cm-2, which are significantly lower than those needed in the hydrazine-free seawater electrolyzer. Density functional theory calculations manifest that the combination of Fe doping and heterointerface construction between Fe-Ni2P and CeO2 can adjust the electronic structure of the Ni2P and optimize the water dissociation barrier and hydrogen adsorption free energy, leading to improvement of the intrinsic catalytic performance. This route affords a feasible solution for future large-scale hydrogen generation using abundant ocean water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Li
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
| | - Songyun Guo
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wan
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
| | - Shuixiang Xie
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
| | - Changming Wang
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 PR China
| | - Jiamu Dai
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
| | - Mingzheng Ge
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
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Yu X, Feng B, Yao M, Peng J, Yang S. Recent Progress in Modular Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydrogen and High-Value-added Chemicals based on Solid Redox Mediator. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310573. [PMID: 38453689 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of H2 and high-value-added chemicals is an efficient and cost-effective approach that can be powered using renewable electricity. Compared to a conventional electrochemical production system, the modular electrochemical production system (MEPS) based on a solid redox mediator (SRM) can separate the anodic and cathodic reactions in time and space. The MEPS can avoid the use of membranes and formation of useless products, as well as eliminate the mutual dependence of production rates at anode and cathode. The SRM can temporarily store or release electrons and ions to pair with cathodic and anodic reactions, respectively, in MEPS. Designing of SRMs with large charge capacity and good cyclability is of great significance for constructing a high-performance MEPS. This work summarizes the design principles, recent advances in MEPS based on SRM, and application in redox flow cells. Moreover, structure design strategies as well as in situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations for SRM is also proposed. It is expected to promote the vigorous development of MEPS based on SRM. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of MEPS based on SRM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Biao Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Min Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Shubin Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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Lei Y, Lin F, Hong N, Zhang J, Wang Y, Ben H, Li J, Ding L, Lv L. In Situ Construction of a Co 2P/CoP Heterojunction Embedded on N-Doped Carbon as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for a Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:87. [PMID: 38203941 PMCID: PMC10780241 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Noble metal-free electrocatalysts have received widespread attention in a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to the importance of renewable energy development. Herein, a Co2P/CoP heterojunction embedded on an N-doped carbon (Co2P/CoP/NC) electrocatalyst was prepared via an in situ pyrolysis method. The as-prepared electrocatalyst exhibited efficient electrocatalytic activity for HER in an acidic solution. The Co2P/CoP/NC catalyst displayed an overpotential of 184 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a low Tafel slope of 82 mV dec-1, which could be attributed to the tight Co2P/CoP heterojunction and the synergetic effect of Co2P/CoP and N-doped carbon. In addition, the electrochemical active surface area of Co2P/CoP/NC was 75.2 m2 g-1, which indicated that more active regions can be applied for the HER process. This report may pave a new way for the design of efficient and low-cost N-doped-carbon-supported 3d transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liyong Ding
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (Y.L.); (F.L.); (N.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Liang Lv
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (Y.L.); (F.L.); (N.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.B.); (J.L.)
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4
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He Y, Sun C, Alharbi NS, Yang S, Chen C. High buffering capacity cobalt-doped nickel hydroxide electrode as redox mediator for flexible hydrogen evolution by two-step water electrolysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:151-160. [PMID: 37399751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-step water electrolysis has been proposed to tackle the ticklish H2/O2 mixture problems in conventional alkaline water electrolysis recently. However, low buffering capacity of pure nickel hydroxide electrode as redox mediator limited practical application of two-step water electrolysis system. A high-capacity redox mediator (RM) is urgently needed to permit consecutive operation of two-step cycles and high-efficiency hydrogen evolution. Consequently, a high mass-loading cobalt-doped nickel hydroxide/active carbon cloth (NiCo-LDH/ACC) RM is synthesized via a facile electrochemical method. The proper Co doping can apparently enhance the conductivity and simultaneously remain the high-capacity of the electrode. Density functional theory results further confirms more negative values in redox potential of NiCo-LDH/ACC than Ni(OH)2/ACC on account of the charge redistribution induced by Co doping, which can prevent the parasitic O2 evolution on RM electrode during decoupled H2 evolution step. As a result, the NiCo-LDH/ACC combined the superiorities of high-capacity Ni(OH)2/ACC and high-conductivity Co(OH)2/ACC, and the NiCo-LDH/ACC with 4:1 ratio of Ni to Co presented a large specific capacitance of 33.52F/cm2 for reversible charge-discharge and high buffering capacity with two-step H2/O2 evolution duration of 1740 s at 10 mA/cm2. The necessary input voltage (2.00 V) of the whole water electrolysis was broken into two smaller ones, 1.41 and 0.38 V, for H2 and O2 production, respectively. NiCo-LDH/ACC provided a favorable electrode material for the practical application of two-step water electrolysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Chengwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Njud S Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shubin Yang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Changlun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, PR China; Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center(Anhui Energy Laboratory, Hefei 230000, PR China.
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Zhang K, Guo F, Graham N, Yu W. Engineering Morphology and Electron Redistribution of a Ni/WO 3 Mott-Schottky Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Efficient Alkaline Urea Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50116-50125. [PMID: 37856676 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Construction of the desired morphology and nanointerface to expose the active sites and modulate the electronic structure offers an effective approach to boosting urea splitting for energy-saving hydrogen generation. Herein, we fabricate a Ni/WO3 Mott-Schottky heterojunction electrocatalyst with a hedgehog-like structure supported on Ni foam toward alkaline urea splitting. Different Ni/WO3 morphologies, such as microspheres, hedgehog-like structures, octahedrons, and cubes, were obtained when various ratios of Ni/W feeds were used. The Mott-Schottky nanointerfaces between Ni and WO3 domains are visually confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images, which also accelerated the charge transfer rate. Benefiting from the high electrochemically active surface area and enhanced charge transferability, the optimal Ni/WO3 electrode exhibits outstanding catalytic activity toward hydrogen generation with a low overpotential of 163 mV at 100 mA cm-2 in alkaline solution and reduced cell voltage of 1.67 V when coupled with urea oxidation reaction. Theoretical calculations reveal that the Ni sites in Ni/WO3 optimize the H adsorption energy (ΔGH*) with the |ΔGH*| value of 0.097 eV, much lower than that of Ni (0.35 eV) and WO3 (0.235 eV). This work demonstrates important guidance in designing an efficient electrocatalyst for urea splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fengchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW72AZ, U.K
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Xue Y, Jia Y, Liu S, Yuan S, Ma R, Ma Q, Fan J, Zhang WX. Electrochemical reduction of wastewater by non-noble metal cathodes: From terminal purification to upcycling recovery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132106. [PMID: 37506648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A shift beyond conventional environmental remediation to a sustainable pollutant upgrading conversion is extremely desirable due to the rising demand for resources and widespread chemical contamination. Electrochemical reduction processes (ERPs) have drawn considerable attention in recent years in the fields of oxyanion reduction, metal recovery, detoxification and high-value conversion of halogenated organics and benzenes. ERPs also have the potential to address the inherent limitations of conventional chemical reduction technologies in terms of hydrogen and noble metal requirements. Fundamentally, mechanisms of ERPs can be categorized into three main pathways: direct electron transfer, atomic hydrogen mediation, and electrode redox pairs. Furthermore, this review consolidates state-of-the-art non-noble metal cathodes and their performance comparable to noble metals (e.g., Pd, Pt) in electrochemical reduction of inorganic/organic pollutants. To overview the research trends of ERPs, we innovatively sort out the relationship between the electrochemical reduction rate, the charge of the pollutant, and the number of electron transfers based on the statistical analysis. And we propose potential countermeasures of pulsed electrocatalysis and flow mode enhancement for the bottlenecks in electron injection and mass transfer for electronegative pollutant reduction. We conclude by discussing the gaps in the scientific and engineering level of ERPs, and envisage that ERPs can be a low-carbon pathway for industrial wastewater detoxification and valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shiyin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Raner Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jianwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Wei-Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Meng G, Chang Z, Zhu L, Chen C, Chen Y, Tian H, Luo W, Sun W, Cui X, Shi J. Adsorption Site Regulations of [W-O]-Doped CoP Boosting the Hydrazine Oxidation-Coupled Hydrogen Evolution at Elevated Current Density. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:212. [PMID: 37707720 PMCID: PMC10501108 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) assisted hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) offers a feasible path for low power consumption to hydrogen production. Unfortunately however, the total electrooxidation of hydrazine in anode and the dissociation kinetics of water in cathode are critically depend on the interaction between the reaction intermediates and surface of catalysts, which are still challenging due to the totally different catalytic mechanisms. Herein, the [W-O] group with strong adsorption capacity is introduced into CoP nanoflakes to fabricate bifunctional catalyst, which possesses excellent catalytic performances towards both HER (185.60 mV at 1000 mA cm-2) and HzOR (78.99 mV at 10,00 mA cm-2) with the overall electrolyzer potential of 1.634 V lower than that of the water splitting system at 100 mA cm-2. The introduction of [W-O] groups, working as the adsorption sites for H2O dissociation and N2H4 dehydrogenation, leads to the formation of porous structure on CoP nanoflakes and regulates the electronic structure of Co through the linked O in [W-O] group as well, resultantly boosting the hydrogen production and HzOR. Moreover, a proof-of-concept direct hydrazine fuel cell-powered H2 production system has been assembled, realizing H2 evolution at a rate of 3.53 mmol cm-2 h-1 at room temperature without external electricity supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafeng Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshu Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhi Cui
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianlin Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Nie Z, Zhang L, Du Z, Hu J, Huang X, Zhou C, Wågberg T, Hu G. Vacancy and doping engineering of Ni-based charge-buffer electrode for highly-efficient membrane-free and decoupled hydrogen/oxygen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 642:714-723. [PMID: 37037077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The realization of the membrane-free two-step water electrolysis is particularly important yet challenging for the low-cost and large-scale supply of hydrogen energy. In this effort, Co-doped Ni(OH)2 nanosheets were successfully anchored onto the nickel foam (NF) substrate through the in-situ growth of metal-organic frame material and the subsequent alkali-etching technique. Using the well-regulated Co-doping Ni(OH)2@NF electrodes as a charge mediator, electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were decoupled on time scales, thus affording a membrane-free two-step route for H2 and O2 productions. In this architecture, the first HER process on the cathode could be maintained for 1300 s at a current of 100 mA, while the corresponding Ni(OH)2 charge mediator was simultaneously oxidized to NiOOH, with a decent cell voltage of 1.542 V. The subsequent OER process involved a reduction/regeneration of Ni(OH)2 (from NiOOH to Ni(OH)2) and an anodic O2-production, with an operating voltage of 0.291 V. Moreover, the Ni-Zn battery assembled through the combination of NiOOH and Zn sheet could replace the second step of OER to achieve the coupling of continuous H2-production and battery discharge, thus also providing a new way for hydrogen production without an external power supply. Experiment and theoretical calculations have shown that the cobalt-doping not only improved the conductivity of the charge-buffer electrode, but also shifted its redox potential cathodically and boosted the adsorption affinity of the buffer medium to OH- ions, both contributing to promoted HER and OER activity. Therefore, this decoupled water electrolysis device affords a promising pathway to support the efficient conversion of renewables to hydrogen.
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Zhang K, Duan Y, Graham N, Yu W. Efficient electrochemical generation of active chlorine to mediate urea and ammonia oxidation in a hierarchically porous-Ru/RuO 2-based flow reactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130327. [PMID: 36434919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical chlorination of urea to CO2 and N2 end-products, via active-chlorine-mediated oxidation under nearly neutral conditions, is an effective treatment for medium-concentrated urea-containing wastewater. Herein, we design a novel flow reactor integrated with three-dimensional hierarchically porous Ru/RuO2 architectures anchored on a Ti mesh. The hierarchically macroporous electrode can create sufficient exposure of catalytically active sites and facilitate the microscopic mass transport and diffusion inside the active layer, thereby contributing to the increased removal efficiency of urea-N and ammonia-N. The combined results of electrochemical measurements, UV-visible spectrometry and in situ Raman spectrometry, show that the OCl- species produced by chlorine evolution reaction (CER) are the main active constituents for removing urea-N. Theoretical calculations reveal thLTWAat the Ru/RuO2 possesses a moderate Cl binding strength, lower theoretical overpotentials of CER and a higher conductivity, compared with pure RuO2. On this basis, we assemble a circular flow reactor with the hierarchically porous electrodes in a two-electrode system to obtain an enhanced microfluidic process, which during 9 days of uninterrupted operation, at a high electrolysis current of 500 mA, achieve a total nitrogen removal of 92.6% and an energy consumption of 7.94 kWh kg-1 N, demonstrating the promising application of the novel process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yuanxiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Structural Fine‐Tuning and In‐situ Generation of P, O Vacancies in Hollow Co‐Ferrocene‐MOFs Derived Phosphides for Efficient Water Oxidation. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Chen G, Ding M, Zhang K, Shen Z, Wang Y, Ma J, Wang A, Li Y, Xu H. Single-Atomic Ruthenium Active Sites on Ti 3 C 2 MXene with Oxygen-Terminated Surface Synchronize Enhanced Activity and Selectivity for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102352. [PMID: 34811943 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Downsizing the catalyst to atom scale offers an effective way to maximize the atom utilization efficiency for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Herein, single-atomic ruthenium (Ru) anchored on a chemically activated Ti3 C2 with O-terminated groups (Ti3 C2 O) was designed to catalyze the NRR process. The catalyst achieved a superior activity and selectivity with ammonia yield rate of 27.56 μg h-1 mg-1 and faradaic efficiency of 23.3 % at a low potential of -0.20 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. According to the atomic resolution images from aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, Ru sites on Ti3 C2 O achieved good dispersion on atomic scale. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis further demonstrated that the O-termination groups were successfully activated. Density functional theory calculations combined with experiments revealed that single Ru sites binding to four oxygen were the main reaction centers that permitted the hydrogenation of *NNH2 to *NHNH2 in a novel distal/alternating hybrid path while reducing the energy barrier of the potential-limiting step to 0.78 eV from 0.96 eV in the distal path alone or 1.18 eV in the alternating path alone, thereby significantly promoting the NRR dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
| | - Mingmei Ding
- Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
| | - Yueting Wang
- Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
| | - Ao Wang
- Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Li
- Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
| | - Hang Xu
- Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
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Mei Y, Cong Y, Huang S, Qian J, Ye J, Li TT. MOF-on-MOF Strategy to Construct a Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Incorporated CoP@Fe-CoP Core-Shelled Heterostructure for High-Performance Overall Water Splitting. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:1159-1168. [PMID: 34962378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The design and preparation of efficient and low-cost catalysts for water electrolysis are crucial and highly desirable to produce eco-friendly and sustainable hydrogen fuel. Herein, we prepared nitrogen-doped carbon-incorporated CoP@Fe-CoP core-shelled nanorod arrays grown on Ni foam (CoP@Fe-CoP/NC/NF) through phosphorization of ZIF-67@Co-Fe Prussian blue analogue (ZIF-67@CoFe-PBA). The hierarchical nanorod arrays combined with the core-shelled structure offer favorable mass/electron transport capacity and maximize the active sites, thus enhancing the electrochemically active surface area. The synergistic effect of the bimetallic components and the nitrogen-doped carbon matrix endow the composite with an optimized electronic structure. Benefiting from the above superiorities of morphological and chemical compositions, this self-supported CoP@Fe-CoP/NC/NF heterostructure can drive alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction with overpotentials of 97 and 270 mV to yield 100 mA cm-2, respectively. The two-electrode alkaline electrolyzer constructed by this heterostructure shows a low cell voltage of 1.58 V to yield 10 mA cm-2, superior to the precious-metal-based electrocatalyst apparatus (IrO2∥Pt/C). This study offers a feasible and facile approach to develop efficient electrocatalysts for water electrolysis, which applies to other electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yikang Cong
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shengsheng Huang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinjie Qian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jun Ye
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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