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Li Y, Qiu Z, Kan H, Yang Y, Liu J, Liu Z, Yue W, Du G, Wang C, Kim NY. A Human-Computer Interaction Strategy for An FPGA Platform Boosted Integrated "Perception-Memory" System Based on Electronic Tattoos and Memristors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402582. [PMID: 39049180 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The integrated "perception-memory" system is receiving increasing attention due to its crucial applications in humanoid robots, as well as in the simulation of the human retina and brain. Here, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform-boosted system that enables the sensing, recognition, and memory for human-computer interaction is reported by the combination of ultra-thin Ag/Al/Paster-based electronic tattoos (AAP) and Tantalum Oxide/Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (Ta2O5/IGZO)-based memristors. Notably, the AAP demonstrates exceptional capabilities in accommodating the strain caused by skin deformation, thanks to its unique structural design, which ensures a secure fit to the skin and enables the prolonged monitoring of physiological signals. By utilizing Ta2O5/IGZO as the functional layer, a high switching ratio is conferred to the memristor, and an integrated system for sensing, distinguishing, storing, and controlling the machine hand of multiple human physiological signals is constructed together with the AAP. Further, the proposed system implements emergency calls and smart homes using facial electromyogram signals and utilizing logical entailment to realize the control of the music interface. This innovative "perception-memory" integrated system not only serves the disabled, enhancing human-computer interaction but also provides an alternative avenue to enhance the quality of life and autonomy of individuals with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Zhicheng Qiu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hao Kan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Wenjing Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Guiqiang Du
- School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- RFIC Centre, Department of Electronics Engineering, NDAC Centre, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
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2
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Du Y, Kim JH, Kong H, Li AA, Jin ML, Kim DH, Wang Y. Biocompatible Electronic Skins for Cardiovascular Health Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303461. [PMID: 38569196 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a significant threat to the overall well-being of the global population. Continuous monitoring of vital signs related to cardiovascular health is essential for improving daily health management. Currently, there has been remarkable proliferation of technology focused on collecting data related to cardiovascular diseases through daily electronic skin monitoring. However, concerns have arisen regarding potential skin irritation and inflammation due to the necessity for prolonged wear of wearable devices. To ensure comfortable and uninterrupted cardiovascular health monitoring, the concept of biocompatible electronic skin has gained substantial attention. In this review, biocompatible electronic skins for cardiovascular health monitoring are comprehensively summarized and discussed. The recent achievements of biocompatible electronic skin in cardiovascular health monitoring are introduced. Their working principles, fabrication processes, and performances in sensing technologies, materials, and integration systems are highlighted, and comparisons are made with other electronic skins used for cardiovascular monitoring. In addition, the significance of integrating sensing systems and the updating wireless communication for the development of the smart medical field is explored. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for wearable electronic skin are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Du
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Institute for Future, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ji Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Kong
- Institute for Future, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Anne Ailina Li
- Institute for Future, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ming Liang Jin
- Institute for Future, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
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3
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Lu P, Liao X, Guo X, Cai C, Liu Y, Chi M, Du G, Wei Z, Meng X, Nie S. Gel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Flexible Sensing: Principles, Properties, and Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:206. [PMID: 38819527 PMCID: PMC11143175 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technologies has increased the need for wearable, portable, and self-powered flexible sensing devices. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on gel materials (with excellent conductivity, mechanical tunability, environmental adaptability, and biocompatibility) are considered an advanced approach for developing a new generation of flexible sensors. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in gel-based TENGs for flexible sensors, covering their principles, properties, and applications. Based on the development requirements for flexible sensors, the working mechanism of gel-based TENGs and the characteristic advantages of gels are introduced. Design strategies for the performance optimization of hydrogel-, organogel-, and aerogel-based TENGs are systematically summarized. In addition, the applications of gel-based TENGs in human motion sensing, tactile sensing, health monitoring, environmental monitoring, human-machine interaction, and other related fields are summarized. Finally, the challenges of gel-based TENGs for flexible sensing are discussed, and feasible strategies are proposed to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Liao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyao Guo
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Cai
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchao Chi
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Du
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiting Wei
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjiang Meng
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Li J, Shi Y, Chen J, Huang Q, Ye M, Guo W. Flexible Self-Powered Low-Decibel Voice Recognition Mask. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3007. [PMID: 38793860 PMCID: PMC11124924 DOI: 10.3390/s24103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In environments where silent communication is essential, such as libraries and conference rooms, the need for a discreet means of interaction is paramount. Here, we present a single-electrode, contact-separated triboelectric nanogenerator (CS-TENG) characterized by robust high-frequency sensing capabilities and long-term stability. Integrating this TENG onto the inner surface of a mask allows for the capture of conversational speech signals through airflow vibrations, generating a comprehensive dataset. Employing advanced signal processing techniques, including short-time Fourier transform (STFT), Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), and deep learning neural networks, facilitates the accurate identification of speaker content and verification of their identity. The accuracy rates for each category of vocabulary and identity recognition exceed 92% and 90%, respectively. This system represents a pivotal advancement in facilitating secure and efficient unobtrusive communication in quiet settings, with promising implications for smart home applications, virtual assistant technology, and potential deployment in security and confidentiality-sensitive contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Li
- Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.C.); (Q.H.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yating Shi
- Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.C.); (Q.H.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.C.); (Q.H.); (M.Y.)
| | - Qiaoling Huang
- Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.C.); (Q.H.); (M.Y.)
- Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Meidan Ye
- Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.C.); (Q.H.); (M.Y.)
| | - Wenxi Guo
- Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Research Institution for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.C.); (Q.H.); (M.Y.)
- Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Jiujiang 332000, China
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5
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Du G, Shao Y, Luo B, Liu T, Zhao J, Qin Y, Wang J, Zhang S, Chi M, Gao C, Liu Y, Cai C, Wang S, Nie S. Compliant Iontronic Triboelectric Gels with Phase-Locked Structure Enabled by Competitive Hydrogen Bonding. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:170. [PMID: 38592515 PMCID: PMC11003937 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Rapid advancements in flexible electronics technology propel soft tactile sensing devices toward high-level biointegration, even attaining tactile perception capabilities surpassing human skin. However, the inherent mechanical mismatch resulting from deficient biomimetic mechanical properties of sensing materials poses a challenge to the application of wearable tactile sensing devices in human-machine interaction. Inspired by the innate biphasic structure of human subcutaneous tissue, this study discloses a skin-compliant wearable iontronic triboelectric gel via phase separation induced by competitive hydrogen bonding. Solvent-nonsolvent interactions are used to construct competitive hydrogen bonding systems to trigger phase separation, and the resulting soft-hard alternating phase-locked structure confers the iontronic triboelectric gel with Young's modulus (6.8-281.9 kPa) and high tensile properties (880%) compatible with human skin. The abundance of reactive hydroxyl groups gives the gel excellent tribopositive and self-adhesive properties (peel strength > 70 N m-1). The self-powered tactile sensing skin based on this gel maintains favorable interface and mechanical stability with the working object, which greatly ensures the high fidelity and reliability of soft tactile sensing signals. This strategy, enabling skin-compliant design and broad dynamic tunability of the mechanical properties of sensing materials, presents a universal platform for broad applications from soft robots to wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Du
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzheng Shao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Luo
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Qin
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchao Chi
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Gao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Cai
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Li H, Tan P, Rao Y, Bhattacharya S, Wang Z, Kim S, Gangopadhyay S, Shi H, Jankovic M, Huh H, Li Z, Maharjan P, Wells J, Jeong H, Jia Y, Lu N. E-Tattoos: Toward Functional but Imperceptible Interfacing with Human Skin. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3220-3283. [PMID: 38465831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The human body continuously emits physiological and psychological information from head to toe. Wearable electronics capable of noninvasively and accurately digitizing this information without compromising user comfort or mobility have the potential to revolutionize telemedicine, mobile health, and both human-machine or human-metaverse interactions. However, state-of-the-art wearable electronics face limitations regarding wearability and functionality due to the mechanical incompatibility between conventional rigid, planar electronics and soft, curvy human skin surfaces. E-Tattoos, a unique type of wearable electronics, are defined by their ultrathin and skin-soft characteristics, which enable noninvasive and comfortable lamination on human skin surfaces without causing obstruction or even mechanical perception. This review article offers an exhaustive exploration of e-tattoos, accounting for their materials, structures, manufacturing processes, properties, functionalities, applications, and remaining challenges. We begin by summarizing the properties of human skin and their effects on signal transmission across the e-tattoo-skin interface. Following this is a discussion of the materials, structural designs, manufacturing, and skin attachment processes of e-tattoos. We classify e-tattoo functionalities into electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, and chemical sensing, as well as wound healing and other treatments. After discussing energy harvesting and storage capabilities, we outline strategies for the system integration of wireless e-tattoos. In the end, we offer personal perspectives on the remaining challenges and future opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbian Li
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Philip Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yifan Rao
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sarnab Bhattacharya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zheliang Wang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sangjun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Susmita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hongyang Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Matija Jankovic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Heeyong Huh
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhengjie Li
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pukar Maharjan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan Wells
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hyoyoung Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yaoyao Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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7
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Zhao YC, Xu W, Chen HY, Guo WC, Fang Y, Sheng XJ. High-Performance Dual-Responsive Sensing Skin Enabled by Bioinspired Transduction of Coplanar Square-Loop Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55163-55173. [PMID: 37967306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in intelligent robots and human-machine interaction necessitate a shift in artificial skins toward multimodal perception. Dual-responsive skins that can detect proximity and pressure information are significant to establishing continuous sensing of interaction processes and extending interactive application scenarios. To address the current limitations of inadequate dual-mode performance, such as limited proximal response change and low tactile sensitivity, this paper presents a bioinspired complementary gradient architecture-enabled (CGA) transduction design and a high-performance dual-responsive skin based on coplanar square-loop electrodes. Through systematic investigation into the transduction of various electrode configurations, comparative results reveal the remarkable potential of coplanar electrodes to deliver superior dual-mode performance without compromise. Simulations and experiments prove that the proposed CGA response mechanism can capture local interface deformation and overall compression signals, further enhancing response sensitivity. The final developed artificial skin is sensitive to external pressure and the approach of objects simultaneously, exhibiting a long detection distance (∼40 mm), a high proximity response (>0.4), and outstanding touch sensitivity (0.131 kPa-1). Furthermore, we demonstrate proof-of-concept applications for the proposed sensing skin in a dual-mode teleoperation interface and adaptive grasping interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan C Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong Y Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei C Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yun Fang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin J Sheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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8
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Wang HL, Wang Y. Touchless Artificial Perception beyond Fingertip Probing. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20723-20733. [PMID: 37901955 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Touchless perception technology allows us to acquire information beyond the contact interfaces, making it ideal for scenarios where physical engagements are not possible. Unlike tactile devices, which have so far achieved impressive results, touchless strategies are fascinating yet underdeveloped. We envisage that touchless technologies could be powerful supplements to current haptics. In this Perspective, we include emerging touchless electronics, aiming to provide a broader and comprehensive picture toward artificial perceptual realm. We overview popular touchless protocols, sketch what could be detected by touchless probing, and summarize their latest spectacular achievements. In addition, we present the promises and challenges posed by touchless technologies and discuss possible directions for their future deployments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lu Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
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9
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Tao K, Yu J, Zhang J, Bao A, Hu H, Ye T, Ding Q, Wang Y, Lin H, Wu J, Chang H, Zhang H, Yuan W. Deep-Learning Enabled Active Biomimetic Multifunctional Hydrogel Electronic Skin. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16160-16173. [PMID: 37523784 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
There is huge demand for recreating human skin with the functions of epidermis and dermis for interactions with the physical world. Herein, a biomimetic, ultrasensitive, and multifunctional hydrogel-based electronic skin (BHES) was proposed. Its epidermis function was mimicked using poly(ethylene terephthalate) with nanoscale wrinkles, enabling accurate identification of materials through the capabilities to gain/lose electrons during contact electrification. Internal mechanoreceptor was mimicked by interdigital silver electrodes with stick-slip sensing capabilities to identify textures/roughness. The dermis function was mimicked by patterned microcone hydrogel, achieving pressure sensors with high sensitivity (17.32 mV/Pa), large pressure range (20-5000 Pa), low detection limit, and fast response (10 ms)/recovery time (17 ms). Assisted by deep learning, this BHES achieved high accuracy and minimized interference in identifying materials (95.00% for 10 materials) and textures (97.20% for four roughness cases). By integrating signal acquisition/processing circuits, a wearable drone control system was demonstrated with three-degree-of-freedom movement and enormous potentials for soft robots, self-powered human-machine interaction interfaces of digital twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Sanhang Science & Technology Building, No.45th, Gaoxin South ninth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City 518063, China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Sanhang Science & Technology Building, No.45th, Gaoxin South ninth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City 518063, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Sanhang Science & Technology Building, No.45th, Gaoxin South ninth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City 518063, China
| | - Aocheng Bao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Haowen Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qiongling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yaozheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haobin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Honglong Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weizheng Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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10
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Wu T, Deng H, Sun Z, Zhang X, Lee C, Zhang X. Intelligent soft robotic fingers with multi-modality perception ability. iScience 2023; 26:107249. [PMID: 37502261 PMCID: PMC10368832 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of industry 4.0, automatic sorting is becoming prevalent in production lines. Herein, we developed a bionic sensing system to achieve real-time object recognition. The system consists of 9 single-layer triboelectric nanogenerators (SL-TENGs) as touch sensors and 3 comb-shaped TENGs (CS-TENGs) as bending sensors, with a sensitivity of 110 V/kPa and stable output after 20,000 press cycles. These sensors were attached to a manipulator composed of three soft actuators, serving as soft robotic fingers. An enhanced electrical output of these sensors was achieved successfully, demonstrating their feasibility in detecting grasping location, contact pressure, and bending curvature. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) with 98.96% accuracy extracted information from the sensors, enabling the manipulator to serve as an intelligent sensing system with multi-modality perception ability. This robotic manipulator successfully integrated TENG-based self-powered sensors, soft actuators, and artificial intelligence, demonstrating the potential for future digital twin applications, particularly in automatic component sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjing Wu
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Haitao Deng
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhongda Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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11
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Lee JH, Cho KH, Cho K. Emerging Trends in Soft Electronics: Integrating Machine Intelligence with Soft Acoustic/Vibration Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209673. [PMID: 37043776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, soft acoustic/vibration sensors have gained tremendous research interest due to their unique ability to detect broadband acoustic/vibration stimuli, potentializing futuristic applications including voice biometrics, voice-controlled human-machine-interfaces, electronic skin, and skin-mountable healthcare devices. Importantly, to benefit most from these sensors, it is inevitable to use machine learning (ML) to process their output signals; with ML, a more accurate and efficient interpretation of original data is possible. This paper is dedicated to offering an overview of recent advances empowering the development of soft acoustic/vibration sensors and their signal processing using ML. First, the key performance parameters of the sensors are discussed. Second, popular transduction mechanisms for the sensors are addressed, followed by an in-depth overview of each type, covering materials used, structural designs, and sensing performances. Third, potential applications of the sensors are elaborated and fourth, a thorough discussion on ML is conducted, exploring different types of ML, specific ML algorithms suitable for processing acoustic/vibration signals, and current trends in ML-assisted applications. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities in soft acoustic/vibration sensor and ML research are revealed to offer new insights into future prospects in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kang Hyuk Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
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12
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Guo ZH, Zhang Z, An K, He T, Sun Z, Pu X, Lee C. A Wearable Multidimensional Motion Sensor for AI-Enhanced VR Sports. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0154. [PMID: 37250953 PMCID: PMC10211429 DOI: 10.34133/research.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Regular exercise paves the way to a healthy life. However, conventional sports events are susceptible to weather conditions. Current motion sensors for home-based sports are mainly limited by operation power consumption, single-direction sensitivity, or inferior data analysis. Herein, by leveraging the 3-dimensional printing technique and triboelectric effect, a wearable self-powered multidimensional motion sensor has been developed to detect both the vertical and planar movement trajectory. By integrating with a belt, this sensor could be used to identify some low degree of freedom motions, e.g., waist or gait motion, with a high accuracy of 93.8%. Furthermore, when wearing the sensor at the ankle position, signals generated from shank motions that contain more abundant information could also be effectively collected. By means of a deep learning algorithm, the kicking direction and force could be precisely differentiated with an accuracy of 97.5%. Toward practical application, a virtual reality-enabled fitness game and a shooting game were successfully demonstrated. This work is believed to open up new insights for the development of future household sports or rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hao Guo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - ZiXuan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Kang An
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,
North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Zhongda Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xiong Pu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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13
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Hu X, Bao X, Zhang M, Fang S, Liu K, Wang J, Liu R, Kim SH, Baughman RH, Ding J. Recent Advances in Carbon Nanotube-Based Energy Harvesting Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2303035. [PMID: 37209369 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There has been enormous interest in technologies that generate electricity from ambient energy such as solar, thermal, and mechanical energy, due to their potential for providing sustainable solutions to the energy crisis. One driving force behind the search for new energy-harvesting technologies is the desire to power sensor networks and portable devices without batteries, such as self-powered wearable electronics, human health monitoring systems, and implantable wireless sensors. Various energy harvesting technologies have been demonstrated in recent years. Among them, electrochemical, hydroelectric, triboelectric, piezoelectric, and thermoelectric nanogenerators have been extensively studied because of their special physical properties, ease of application, and sometimes high obtainable efficiency. Multifunctional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much interest in energy harvesting because of their exceptionally high gravimetric power outputs and recently obtained high energy conversion efficiencies. Further development of this field, however, still requires an in-depth understanding of harvesting mechanisms and boosting of the electrical outputs for wider applications. Here, various CNT-based energy harvesting technologies are comprehensively reviewed, focusing on working principles, typical examples, and future improvements. The last section discusses the existing challenges and future directions of CNT-based energy harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Hu
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Xianfu Bao
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Shaoli Fang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Kangyu Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Runmin Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Shi Hyeong Kim
- Department of Advanced Textile R&D, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ray H Baughman
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jianning Ding
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
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14
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Wang HL, Chen T, Zhang B, Wang G, Yang X, Wu K, Wang Y. A Dual-Responsive Artificial Skin for Tactile and Touchless Interfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206830. [PMID: 36700923 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The progress from intelligent interactions and supplemented/augmented reality requires artificial skins to shift from the single-functional tactile paradigm. Dual-responsive sensors that can both detect pre-contact proximal events and tactile pressure levels enrich the perception dimensions and deliver additional cognitive information. Previous dual-responsive sensors show very limited utilizations only in proximity perception or approaching switches. Whereas, the approaching inputs from the environment should be able to convey more valuable messages. Herein, a flexible iontronic dual-responsive artificial skin is present. The artificial skin is sensitive to external object's applied pressure as well as its approaching, and can elicit information of target material categories encoded in the proximal inputs. Versatile applications are then demonstrated. Dual-mode human-machine interfaces are developed based on the devices, including a manipulation of virtual game characters, navigation and zooming in of electronic maps, and scrolling through electronic documents. More importantly, the proof-of-concept application of an entirely touchless material classification system is demonstrated. Three types of materials (metals, polymers, and human skins) are classified and predicted accurately. These features of the artificial skin make it highly promising for next-generation smart engineered electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lu Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Tianyu Chen
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bojian Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guohui Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xudong Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kunlin Wu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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15
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Ibrahim NFA, Sabani N, Johari S, Manaf AA, Wahab AA, Zakaria Z, Noor AM. A Comprehensive Review of the Recent Developments in Wearable Sweat-Sensing Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7670. [PMID: 36236769 PMCID: PMC9573257 DOI: 10.3390/s22197670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sweat analysis offers non-invasive real-time on-body measurement for wearable sensors. However, there are still gaps in current developed sweat-sensing devices (SSDs) regarding the concerns of mixing fresh and old sweat and real-time measurement, which are the requirements to ensure accurate the measurement of wearable devices. This review paper discusses these limitations by aiding model designs, features, performance, and the device operation for exploring the SSDs used in different sweat collection tools, focusing on continuous and non-continuous flow sweat analysis. In addition, the paper also comprehensively presents various sweat biomarkers that have been explored by earlier works in order to broaden the use of non-invasive sweat samples in healthcare and related applications. This work also discusses the target analyte's response mechanism for different sweat compositions, categories of sweat collection devices, and recent advances in SSDs regarding optimal design, functionality, and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatin Adini Ibrahim
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Sabani
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Center of Excellance Micro System Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Shazlina Johari
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Center of Excellance Micro System Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Asrulnizam Abd Manaf
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
| | - Asnida Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Zulkarnay Zakaria
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Sports Engineering Research Center, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Anas Mohd Noor
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Center of Excellance Micro System Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
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16
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Dong J, Peng Y, Pu L, Chang K, Li L, Zhang C, Ma P, Huang Y, Liu T. Perspiration-Wicking and Luminescent On-Skin Electronics Based on Ultrastretchable Janus E-Textiles. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7597-7605. [PMID: 36083829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have attracted surging attention for next-generation smart wearables, yet traditional flexible devices fabricated on hermetical elastic substrates cannot satisfy lengthy wearing comfort and signal stability due to their poor moisture and air permeability. Herein, perspiration-wicking and luminescent on-skin electrodes are fabricated on superelastic nonwoven textiles with a Janus configuration. Through the electrospin-assisted face-to-face assembly of all-SEBS microfibers with differentiated diameters and composition, porosity and wettability asymmetry are constructed across the textile, endowing it with antigravity water transport capability for continuous sweat release. Also, the phosphor particles evenly encapsulated in the elastic fibers empower the Janus textile with stable light-emitting capability under extreme stretching in a dark environment. Additionally, the precise printing of highly conductive liquid metal (LM) circuits onto the matrix not only equips the electronic textile with broad detectability for various biophysical and electrophysiological signals but also enables successful implementation of human-machine interface (HMIs) to control a mechanical claw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yidong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Pu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kangqi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Piming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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17
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Bica I, Iacobescu GE, Chirigiu LME. Magneto-Tactile Sensor Based on a Commercial Polyurethane Sponge. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12183231. [PMID: 36145019 PMCID: PMC9503655 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the procedure for fabricating a new magneto-tactile sensor (MTS) based on a low-cost commercial polyurethane sponge, including the experimental test configuration, the experimental process, and a description of the mechanisms that lead to obtaining the MTS and its characteristics. It is shown that by using a polyurethane sponge, microparticles of carbonyl iron, ethanol, and copper foil with electroconductive adhesive, we can obtain a high-performance and low-cost MTS. With the experimental assembly described in this paper, the variation in time of the electrical capacity of the MTS was measured in the presence of a deforming force field, a magnetic field, and a magnetic field superimposed over a deformation field. It is shown that, by using an external magnetic field, the sensitivity of the MTS can be increased. Using the magnetic dipole model and linear elasticity approximation, the qualitative mechanisms leading to the reported results are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Bica
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, West University of Timisoara, Bulevardul Vasile Pârvan 4, Nr. 4, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gabriela-Eugenia Iacobescu
- Department of Physics, University of Craiova, Strada Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Nr. 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence:
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18
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Pu X, Zhang C, Wang ZL. Triboelectric nanogenerators as wearable power sources and self-powered sensors. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 10:nwac170. [PMID: 36684511 PMCID: PMC9843157 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart wearable technologies are augmenting human bodies beyond our biological capabilities in communication, healthcare and recreation. Energy supply and information acquisition are essential for wearable electronics, whereas the increasing demands in multifunction are raising the requirements for energy and sensor devices. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), proven to be able to convert various mechanical energies into electricity, can fulfill either of these two functions and therefore has drawn extensive attention and research efforts worldwide. The everyday life of a human body produces considerable mechanical energies and, in the meantime, the human body communicates mainly through mechanical signals, such as sound, body gestures and muscle movements. Therefore, the TENG has been intensively studied to serve as either wearable sources or wearable self-powered sensors. Herein, the recent finding on the fundamental understanding of TENGs is revisited briefly, followed by a summary of recent advancements in TENG-based wearable power sources and self-powered sensors. The challenges and prospects of this area are given as well.
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19
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Shimada K. Morphological Fabrication of Equilibrium and Auditory Sensors through Electrolytic Polymerization on Hybrid Fluid Rubber (HF Rubber) for Smart Materials of Robotics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22145447. [PMID: 35891135 PMCID: PMC9319743 DOI: 10.3390/s22145447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of auditory sensors and systems is essential in smart materials of robotics and is placed at the strategic category of mutual communication between humans and robots. We designed prototypes of the rubber-made equilibrium and auditory sensors, mimicking hair cells in the saccule and the cochlea at the vestibule of the human ear by utilizing our previously proposed technique of electrolytic polymerization on the hybrid fluid rubber (HF rubber). The fabricated artificial hair cells embedded with mimicked free nerve endings and Pacinian corpuscles, which are well-known receptors in the human skin and have already been elucidated effective in the previous study, have the intelligence of equilibrium and auditory sensing. Moreover, they have a voltage that is generated from built-in electricity caused by the ionized particles and molecules in the HF rubber due to piezoelectricity. We verified the equilibrium and auditory characteristics by measuring the changes in voltage with inclination, vibration over a wide frequency range, and sound waves. We elucidated experimentally that the intelligence has optimum morphological conditions. This work has the possibility of advancing the novel technology of state-of-the-art social robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Shimada
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Sciences, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
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