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Jing S, Tian J, Hu R, Huang Z. Sodium lignosulfonate/graphene composites for efficient desalination by incorporating CoS to control pore size. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131639. [PMID: 38641278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of overlapping double layers due to micropores inhibits capacitive deionization performance, which is improved by increasing the pore size. In this study, a novel ternary composite electrode (sodium lignosulfonate/reduced graphene oxide/cobalt sulfide, LGC) was designed using a two-step hydrothermal method. CoS with high pseudocapacitance modifies sodium lignosulfonate and graphene connected by hydrogen bonding, benefiting from the constitutive steric structure. The electrochemical performance was significantly enhanced, and the desalination capacity substantially improved. The LGC electrode specific capacitance was as high as 354.47 F g-1 at a 1 A g-1 current density. The desalination capacity of the capacitive deionization device comprising LGC and activated carbon in 1 M NaCl electrolyte reached 28.04 mg g-1 at an operating condition of 1.2 V, 7 mL min-1. Additionally, the LGC electrodes degraded naturally post the experiment by simply removing the CoS, suggesting that the LGC composites are promising material for capacitive deionization electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Jing
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiangyang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Runze Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhanhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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2
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Ma J, Xing S, Wang Y, Yang J, Yu F. Kinetic-Thermodynamic Promotion Engineering toward High-Density Hierarchical and Zn-Doping Activity-Enhancing ZnNiO@CF for High-Capacity Desalination. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:143. [PMID: 38436834 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the promising potential of transition metal oxides (TMOs) as capacitive deionization (CDI) electrodes, the actual capacity of TMOs electrodes for sodium storage is significantly lower than the theoretical capacity, posing a major obstacle. Herein, we prepared the kinetically favorable ZnxNi1 - xO electrode in situ growth on carbon felt (ZnxNi1 - xO@CF) through constraining the rate of OH- generation in the hydrothermal method. ZnxNi1 - xO@CF exhibited a high-density hierarchical nanosheet structure with three-dimensional open pores, benefitting the ion transport/electron transfer. And tuning the moderate amount of redox-inert Zn-doping can enhance surface electroactive sites, actual activity of redox-active Ni species, and lower adsorption energy, promoting the adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic of the Zn0.2Ni0.8O@CF. Benefitting from the kinetic-thermodynamic facilitation mechanism, Zn0.2Ni0.8O@CF achieved ultrahigh desalination capacity (128.9 mgNaCl g-1), ultra-low energy consumption (0.164 kW h kgNaCl-1), high salt removal rate (1.21 mgNaCl g-1 min-1), and good cyclability. The thermodynamic facilitation and Na+ intercalation mechanism of Zn0.2Ni0.8O@CF are identified by the density functional theory calculations and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, respectively. This research provides new insights into controlling electrochemically favorable morphology and demonstrates that Zn-doping, which is redox-inert, is essential for enhancing the electrochemical performance of CDI electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Civil Engineering, Kashi University, 844000, Kashi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyang Xing
- School of Civil Engineering, Kashi University, 844000, Kashi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yabo Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Kashi University, 844000, Kashi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhu Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Zhang L, Liao Y, Ye M, Cai W, Xiao M, Hu C, Zhong B, Wan F, Guo X. Regeneration of Spent Lithium Manganate Batteries into Al-Doped MnO 2 Cathodes toward Aqueous Zn Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59475-59481. [PMID: 38105603 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) will inevitably be generated in the near future because of their wide application in many fields. It will cause not only resource waste but also environmental pollution if these spent batteries are not properly handled. Until now, the recycling of spent lithium manganate batteries has centered on high-valuable elements such as lithium; however, manganese element and current collector Al foil have not yet attracted wide attention. In this work, aluminum-doped manganese dioxide was synthesized by overall recycling cathode active materials and current collector Al foil from a spent lithium manganate battery. Employing such aluminum-doped manganese dioxide as the cathode material of aqueous Zn batteries, it displays better electrochemical performance than manganese dioxide prepared by only recycling the cathode active materials. The overall recycling not only simplifies the recycling process but also realizes high-value recycling of spent lithium manganate batteries. We offer new tactics for overall recycling of cathodes from spent LIBs and designing high-performance manganese dioxide cathodes for aqueous Zn batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yi Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Meng Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Wenqin Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Meng Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Changyan Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Benhe Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Fang Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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He N, Wang H, Zhang H, Jiang B, Tang D, Li L. Ionization Engineering of Hydrogels Enables Highly Efficient Salt-Impeded Solar Evaporation and Night-Time Electricity Harvesting. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:8. [PMID: 37932502 PMCID: PMC10628017 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy utilization. Hydrogels, as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale, have been considered the most promising candidate for solar evaporation. However, the simultaneous achievement of high evaporation efficiency and satisfactory tolerance to salt ions in brine remains a challenging scientific bottleneck, restricting the widespread application. Herein, we report ionization engineering, which endows polymer chains of hydrogels with electronegativity for impeding salt ions and activating water molecules, fundamentally overcoming the hydrogel salt-impeded challenge and dramatically expediting water evaporating in brine. The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified carbon black is chosen as the solar absorbers. The hydrogel reaches a ground-breaking evaporation rate of 2.9 kg m-2 h-1 in 20 wt% brine with 95.6% efficiency under one sun irradiation, surpassing most of the reported literature. More notably, such a hydrogel-based evaporator enables extracting clean water from oversaturated salt solutions and maintains durability under different high-strength deformation or a 15-day continuous operation. Meantime, on the basis of the cation selectivity induced by the electronegativity, we first propose an all-day system that evaporates during the day and generates salinity-gradient electricity using waste-evaporated brine at night, anticipating pioneer a new opportunity for all-day resource-generating systems in fields of freshwater and electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan He
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Haonan Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Tang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China.
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Liu X, Wang Y, Xiang H, Wu J, Yan X, Zhang W, Lin Z, Chai L. Unveiling the crucial role of iron mineral phase transformation in antimony(V) elimination from natural water. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH 2023; 2:176-183. [PMID: 38074990 PMCID: PMC10702924 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) in natural water has long-term effects on both the ecological environment and human health. Iron mineral phase transformation (IMPT) is a prominent process for removing Sb(V) from natural water. However, the importance of IMPT in eliminating Sb remains uncertain. This study examined the various Sb-Fe binding mechanisms found in different IMPT pathways in natural water, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms. The study revealed that the presence of goethite (Goe), hematite (Hem), and magnetite (Mag) significantly affected the concentration of Sb(V) in natural water. Elevated pH levels facilitated higher Fe content in iron solids but impeded the process of removing Sb(V). To further our understanding, polluted natural water samples were collected from various locations surrounding Sb smelter sites. Results confirmed that converting ferrihydrite (Fhy) to Goe significantly reduced Sb levels (<5 μg/L) in natural water. The emergence of secondary iron phases resulted in greater electrostatic attraction and stabilized surface complexes, which was the most likely cause of the decline of Sb concentration in natural water. The comprehensive findings offer new insights into the factors governing IMPT as well as the Sb(V) behavior control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yunyan Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hongrui Xiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
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Wei D, Cao Y, Yan L, Gang H, Wu B, Ouyang B, Chen P, Jiang Y, Wang H. Enhanced Pseudo-Capacitance Process in Nanoarchitectural Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoarrays Hollow Nanocages for Improved Capacitive Deionization Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24427-24436. [PMID: 37171395 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are perceived as a hopeful capacitive deionization (CDI) faradic electrode for Cl- insertion due to its tunable composition, excellent anion exchange capacity, and fast redox activity. Nevertheless, the self-stacking and inferior electrical conductivity of the two-dimensional structure of LDH lead to unsatisfactory CDI performance. Herein, the three-dimensional (3D) hollow nanocage structure of CoNi-layered double hydroxide/carbon composites is well designed as a CDI anode by cation etching of the pre-carbonized ZIF-67 template. C/CoNi-LDH has a unique 3D hollow nanocage structure and abundant pore features, which can effectively suppress the self-stacking of LDH sheets and facilitate the transport of ions. Moreover, the introduced amorphous carbon layer can act as a conductive network. When employed as the CDI anode, C/CoNi-LDH exhibited a high Cl- removal capacity of 60.88 mg g-1 and a fast Cl- removal rate of 18.09 mg g-1 min-1 at 1.4 V in 1000 mg L-1 NaCl solution. The mechanism of the Cl- intercalation pseudo-capacitance reaction of C/CoNi-LDH is revealed by electrochemical kinetic analysis and ex situ characterization. This study provides vital guidance for the design of high-performance electrodes for CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Wei
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yiyun Cao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lvji Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Haiyin Gang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bichao Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Baixue Ouyang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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7
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Yu B, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Self-Supporting Nanoporous Copper Film with High Porosity and Broadband Light Absorption for Efficient Solar Steam Generation. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:94. [PMID: 37037910 PMCID: PMC10086088 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Solar steam generation (SSG) is a potential technology for freshwater production, which is expected to address the global water shortage problem. Some noble metals with good photothermal conversion performance have received wide concerns in SSG, while high cost limits their practical applications for water purification. Herein, a self-supporting nanoporous copper (NP-Cu) film was fabricated by one-step dealloying of a specially designed Al98Cu2 precursor with a dilute solid solution structure. In-situ and ex-situ characterizations were performed to reveal the phase and microstructure evolutions during dealloying. The NP-Cu film shows a unique three-dimensional bicontinuous ligament-channel structure with high porosity (94.8%), multi scale-channels and nanoscale ligaments (24.2 ± 4.4 nm), leading to its strong broadband absorption over the 200-2500 nm wavelength More importantly, the NP-Cu film exhibits excellent SSG performance with high evaporation rate, superior efficiency and good stability. The strong desalination ability of NP-Cu also manifests its potential applications in seawater desalination. The related mechanism has been rationalized based upon the nanoporous network, localized surface plasmon resonance effect and hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang 336, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China.
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Yin T, Lin X, Han T, Zhou T, Li J, Liu J. A novel coral-like LiMn2O4 nanostructure as Li-ion battery cathode displaying stable energy-storage performance. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Meng L, Peng J, Zhang Y, Cui Y, An L, Chen P, Zhang F. Lithium Vanadium Oxide/Graphene Composite as a Promising Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:43. [PMID: 36615953 PMCID: PMC9824181 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lithium vanadium oxide (Li3VO4, LVO) is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity (394 mAh g-1) and safe working potential (0.5-1.0 V vs. Li+/Li). However, its electrical conductivity is low which leads to poor electrochemical performance. Graphene (GN) shows excellent electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, holding great promise in improving the electrochemical performance of electrode materials for LIBs. In this paper, LVO was prepared by different methods. SEM results showed the obtained LVO by sol-gel method possesses uniform nanoparticle morphology. Next, LVO/GN composite was synthesized by sol-gel method. The flexible GN could improve the distribution of LVO, forming a high conductive network. Thus, the LVO/GN composite showed outstanding cycling performance and rate performance. The LVO/GN composite can provide a high initial capacity of 350.2 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C. After 200 cycles, the capacity of LVO/GN composite remains 86.8%. When the current density increased from 0.2 C to 2 C, the capacity of LVO/GN composite only reduced from 360.4 mAh g-1 to 250.4 mAh g-1, demonstrating an excellent performance rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leichao Meng
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Jianhong Peng
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yongfu Cui
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Lingyun An
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
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A Novel Dual-Ion Capacitive Deionization System Design with Ultrahigh Desalination Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214776. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Capacitive deionization is an emerging desalination technology with mild operation conditions and high energy efficiency. However, its application is limited due to the low deionization capacity of traditional capacitive electrodes. Herein, we report a novel dual-ion capacitive deionization system with a lithium-ion battery cathode LiMn2O4/C and a sodium-ion battery anode NaTi2(PO4)3/C. Lithium ions could enhance the charge transfer during CDI desalination, while NaTi2(PO4)3/C provided direct intercalation sites for sodium ions. The electrochemical capacities of the battery electrodes fitted well, which was favorable for the optimization of the desalination capacity. The low potential of the redox couple Ti3+/Ti4+ (−0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl) and intercalation/deintercalation behaviors of sodium ions that suppressed hydrogen evolution could enlarge the voltage window of the CDI process to 1.8 V. The novel CDI cell achieved an ultrahigh desalination capacity of 140.03 mg·g−1 at 1.8 V with an initial salinity of 20 mM, revealing a new direction for the CDI performance enhancement.
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