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Surgenor RR, Lee H. Synthesis of (Hetero)biaryls via Nickel Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Electrophile Coupling Between (Hetero)aryl Iodides and Bromides. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401552. [PMID: 38723102 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
(Hetero)biaryls are fundamental building blocks in the pharmaceutical industry and rapid access to these scaffolds is imperative for the success of numerous medicinal chemistry campaigns. Herein, a highly general, mild, and chemoselective reductive cross-electrophile coupling between (hetero)aryl iodides and heteroaryl bromides is reported. By employing more reactive (hetero)aryl halides, a broad range of successful substrates (45 examples) were identified. The reaction was also found to be chemoselective for C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond formation between (hetero)aryl iodides and bromides over (hetero)aryl chlorides, which were generally inert under the described reaction conditions. The efficiency of the procedure is also further demonstrated in parallel synthesis library format, on gram scale, as well as in the formal synthesis of Ruxolitinib, a potent JAK inhibitor. As such, we anticipate this method will find widespread utility in the assembly of (hetero)biaryls for medicinal chemistry efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyelee Lee
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Yan XB, Wang N, Zhou J, Ge H, Wang Z, Lin Y, Shui H. Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Organohalides and Carboxylic Acid Esters with Phenyl Formate. Org Lett 2024; 26:6518-6522. [PMID: 39038071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
A photoinduced nickel-catalyzed reductive carbonylative coupling from organohalides and N-(acyloxy)phthalimide esters with phenyl formate as the carbonyl source has been developed. This reaction could perform smoothly under mild conditions, and a series of aryl-alkyl and alkyl-alkyl unsymmetrical ketones were produced without the need of stoichiometric metal reductants. Mechanistic studies indicate that this reaction was initiated from radical capture by Ni(I)-carbonyl species and subsequent rapid carbonyl insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Biao Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'an shan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'an shan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Jining Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'an shan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'an shan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Zhicai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'an shan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, P. R. China
| | - Hengfu Shui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'an shan 243032, P. R. China
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3
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Ma KX, Hong CM, Yan JM, Li QH, Liu TL. Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetra-substituted benzenes via copper-catalyzed dimerization of γ,δ-unsaturated ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7753-7756. [PMID: 38973629 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
An efficient cyclization for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetra-substituted benzenes via copper catalyzed dimerization of γ,δ-unsaturated ketones has been described. This one-pot procedure employs the γ,δ-unsaturated ketones as the sole substrate with multiple C-C bond formation. This protocol features broad substrate scope and provides a facile and robust method to construct polysubstituted benzene derivatives under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xian Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Materials Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chuan-Ming Hong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Materials Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jiang-Min Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Materials Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qing-Hua Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Materials Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Tang-Lin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Materials Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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4
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Lin PC, Wong CD, Jarvo ER. Cross-selective Deoxygenative Coupling of Aliphatic Alcohols: Installation of Methyl Groups including Isotopic Labels by Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403119. [PMID: 38604974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling reactions of two aliphatic alcohol derivatives remain a challenge. Herein, we report a nickel-catalyzed reductive methylation reaction of aliphatic mesylates with methyl tosylate. This reaction provides straightforward access to compounds bearing aliphatic methyl groups from alkyl alcohol derivatives. Isotopically labelled substrates and reagents can be employed in the reaction to provide perdeuterated and 13C-labelled products. This transformation can be achieved by employing stoichiometric Mn reductant or electrochemically. Additionally, mechanistic experiments show that alkyl iodides are key intermediates in the transformation which undergo a stereoablative reaction via radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92617, United States
| | - Chloe D Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92617, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92617, United States
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5
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Gan Y, Zhou JF, Li X, Liu JR, Liu FJ, Hong X, Ye B. Zirconaaziridine-Mediated Ni-Catalyzed Diastereoselective C(sp 2)-Glycosylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38859580 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of organic synthesis, the catalytic and stereoselective formation of C-glycosidic bonds is a pivotal process, bridging carbohydrates with aglycones. However, the inherent chirality of the saccharide scaffold often has a substantial impact on the stereoinduction imposed by a chiral ligand. In this study, we have established an unprecedented zirconaaziridine-mediated asymmetric nickel catalysis, enabling the diastereoselective coupling of bench-stable glycosyl phosphates with a range of (hetero)aromatic and glycal iodides as feasible coupling electrophiles. Our developed method showcases a broad scope and a high tolerance for various functional groups. More importantly, precise stereocontrol toward both anomeric configurations of forming C(sp2)-glycosides can be realized by simply utilizing the popular chiral bioxazoline (biOx) ligands in this reductive Ni catalysis. Regarding the operating mechanism, both experimental and computational studies support the occurrence of a redox transmetalation process, leading to the formation of a transient, bimetallic Ni-Zr species that acts as a potent and efficient single-electron reductant in the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ji-Ren Liu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fang-Jie Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street, No. 2, Beijing 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Baihua Ye
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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6
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Jiang M, Yu L, Zou C, Yuan H, Xu M, Chen B, Hu P, Wang BQ, Cao P. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Carbonyl Addition of Aryl Chlorides and Bromides to Aldehydes. Chemistry 2024:e202401591. [PMID: 38844428 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The Ni-catalyzed enantioselective addition reaction of aryl halides to aldehydes was studied with cyanobis(oxazoline) as chiral ligands and Mn as reductant. Aryl and heteroaryl bromides reacted with phenyl aldehyde at room temperature to produce dibenzyl alcohols in 16-99 % yields with 53-92 % ees. Moreover, the coupling of phenyl chloride with a variety of aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl aldehydes was demonstrated in the presence of cyanobis(oxazoline)/Ni(II) at 60 °C in generally high yields with moderate enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Limei Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Chenhui Zou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Minghui Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
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7
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Jin Z, Yang Y, He Z, Huang Z, Hu Y, Jin H, Zhou B. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Aryl Bromides/Nitriles with Imidazolium Salts Involving Inert C-N Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2024; 26:4520-4525. [PMID: 38752885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We herein present a nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides and nitriles with imidazolium salts. A series of 2-arylated imidazoles could be obtained in moderate to good yields through inert C-N bond cleavage. The imidazolium salt in this reaction acts as both a coupling partner and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand precursor. Mechanistic studies reveal that consecutive steps of migratory insertion of the NHC into the aryl C-Ni bond and β-C elimination might be involved in the proposed reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yanhao Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zhichang He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zhengzhe Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Eco-industrial Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324400, China
| | - Bingwei Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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8
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Xing D, Liu J, Cai D, Huang B, Jiang H, Huang L. Cobalt-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of alkynyl sulfides with unactivated chlorosilanes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4502. [PMID: 38802390 PMCID: PMC11130142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a highly efficient cobalt-catalyzed cross-electrophile alkynylation of a broad range of unactivated chlorosilanes with alkynyl sulfides as a stable and practical alkynyl electrophiles. Strategically, employing easily synthesized alkynyl sulfides as alkynyl precursors allows access to various alkynylsilanes in good to excellent yields. Notably, this method avoids the utilization of strong bases, noble metal catalysts, high temperature and forcing reaction conditions, thus presenting apparent advantages, such as broad substrate scope (72 examples, up to 97% yield), high Csp-S chemo-selectivity and excellent functional group compatibility (Ar-X, X = Cl, Br, I, OTf, OTs). Moreover, the utilities of this method are also illustrated by downstream transformations and late-stage modification of structurally complex natural products and pharmaceuticals. Mechanistic studies elucidated that the cobalt catalyst initially reacted with alkynyl sulfides, and the activation of chlorosilanes occurred via an SN2 process instead of a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Xing
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingxin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Dinh LP, Starbuck HF, Hamby TB, LaLama MJ, He CQ, Kalyani D, Sevov CS. Persistent organonickel complexes as general platforms for Csp 2-Csp 3 coupling reactions. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01528-7. [PMID: 38684816 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The importance of constructing Csp2-Csp3 bonds has motivated the development of electrochemical, photochemical and thermal activation methods to reductively couple abundant aryl and alkyl electrophiles. However, these methodologies are limited to couplings of very specific substrate classes and require specialized sets of catalysts and reaction set-ups. Here we show a consolidation of these myriad strategies into a single set of conditions that enable reliable alkyl-aryl couplings, including those that were previously unknown. These reactions rely on the discovery of unusually persistent organonickel complexes that serve as stoichiometric platforms for C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupling. Aryl, heteroaryl or vinyl complexes of Ni can be inexpensively prepared on a multigram scale by mild electroreduction from the corresponding C(sp2) electrophile. Organonickel complexes can be isolated and stored or telescoped directly to reliably diversify drug-like molecules. Finally, the procedure was miniaturized to micromole scales by integrating soluble battery chemistries as redox initiators, enabling a high-throughput exploration of substrate diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long P Dinh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hunter F Starbuck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Taylor B Hamby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew J LaLama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cyndi Q He
- Modelling & Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Christo S Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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10
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Zhang S, Ouyang Y, Gao Y, Li P. Design and Application of New Pyridine-Derived Chiral Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:957-970. [PMID: 38446135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe innovation of chiral ligands has been crucial for the asymmetric synthesis of functional molecules, as demonstrated by several types of widely applied "privileged" ligands. In this context, chiral pyridine-derived ligands, by far some of the oldest and most widely utilized ligands in catalysis, have attracted considerable research interest in the past half-century. However, the development of broadly applicable chiral pyridine units (CPUs) has been plagued by several intertwining challenges, thus delaying advancements in many asymmetric reactions.This Account aims to summarize the recent progress in new CPU-containing ligands, focusing on a rationally designed, modular, and tunable CPU developed in our laboratory. A significant problem thwarting conventional designs is the paradox between broad reactivity and stereoselectivity; that is, while enhanced stereoselectivity may be achieved by introducing chiral elements close to the N atom, the concomitant increase in local steric hindrance often limits catalytic activity and scope. Our newly developed CPU features a rigid [6-5-3] fused-ring framework and a tunable spirocyclic ketal side wall. The well-defined three-dimensional structure minimizes local (inner layer) steric hindrance and tunes the peripheral environment (outer layer) by remote substituents, thus securing reactivity and stereoselectivity. Different chelating ligands were readily assembled using this chiral structural module, with applications in mechanistically diverse transition-metal-catalyzed reactions. Thus, a series of chiral 2,2'-bipyridine ligands were successfully employed in the development of a general, efficient, and highly enantioselective nickel-catalyzed intermolecular reductive addition, Ullmann coupling of ortho-chlorinated aryl aldehydes, and carboxylation of benzylic (pseudo)halides with CO2. Notably, these chiral 2,2'-bipyridine ligands exhibited superior catalytic activity in the reactions compared to common N-based ligands. In addition, highly enantioselective iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation was developed using a CPU-containing N,B-bidentate ligand. Furthermore, mechanistically challenging, additive-free, and broad-scope transfer hydrogenative direct asymmetric reductive amination was achieved using a half-sandwich iridium catalyst supported by a chiral N,C-bidentate ligand. The new ligands demonstrated excellent performance in securing high catalytic activity and stereoselectivity, which, when combined with experimental and computational mechanistic investigations, supported the "double-layer control" design concept.Considering the broad applications of pyridine-derived ligands, the research progress described herein should inspire the creation of novel chiral catalysts and drive the development of many catalytic asymmetric reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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11
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Tcyrulnikov S, Hubbell AK, Pedro D, Reyes GP, Monfette S, Weix DJ, Hansen EC. Computationally Guided Ligand Discovery from Compound Libraries and Discovery of a New Class of Ligands for Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Challenging Quinoline Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6947-6954. [PMID: 38427582 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Although screening technology has heavily impacted the fields of metal catalysis and drug discovery, its application to the discovery of new catalyst classes has been limited. The diversity of on- and off-cycle pathways, combined with incomplete mechanistic understanding, means that screens of potential new ligands have thus far been guided by intuitive analysis of the metal binding potential. This has resulted in the discovery of new classes of ligands, but the low hit rates have limited the use of this strategy because large screens require considerable cost and effort. Here, we demonstrate a method to identify promising screening directions via simple and scalable computational and linear regression tools that leads to a substantial improvement in hit rate, enabling the use of smaller screens to find new ligands. The application of this approach to a particular example of Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of aryl halides with alkyl halides revealed a previously overlooked trend: reactions with more electron-poor amidine ligands result in a higher yield. Focused screens utilizing this trend were more successful than serendipity-based screening and led to the discovery of two new types of ligands, pyridyl oxadiazoles and pyridyl oximes. These ligands are especially effective for couplings of bromo- and chloroquinolines and isoquinolines, where they are now the state of the art. The simplicity of these models with parameters derived from metal-free ligand structures should make this approach scalable and widely accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Tcyrulnikov
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aran K Hubbell
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dylan Pedro
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Giselle P Reyes
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sebastien Monfette
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel J Weix
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eric C Hansen
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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12
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Li B, Zhang HH, Luo Y, Yu S, Goddard Iii WA, Dang Y. Interception of Transient Allyl Radicals with Low-Valent Allylpalladium Chemistry: Tandem Pd(0/II/I)-Pd(0/II/I/II) Cycles in Photoredox/Pd Dual-Catalytic Enantioselective C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Homocoupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6377-6387. [PMID: 38385755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We present comprehensive computational and experimental studies on the mechanism of an asymmetric photoredox/Pd dual-catalytic reductive C(sp3)-C(sp3) homocoupling of allylic electrophiles. In stark contrast to the canonical assumption that photoredox promotes bond formation via facile reductive elimination from high-valent metal-organic species, our computational analysis revealed an intriguing low-valent allylpalladium pathway that features tandem operation of Pd(0/II/I)-Pd(0/II/I/II) cycles. Specifically, we propose that (i) the photoredox/Pd system enables the in situ generation of allyl radicals from low-valent Pd(I)-allyl species, and (ii) effective interception of the fleeting allyl radical by the chiral Pd(I)-allyl species results in the formation of an enantioenriched product. Notably, the cooperation of the two pathways highlights the bifunctional role of Pd(I)-allyl species in the generation and interception of transient allyl radicals. Moreover, the mechanism implies divergent substrate-activation modes in this homocoupling reaction, suggesting a theoretical possibility for cross-coupling. Combined, the current study offers a novel mechanistic hypothesis for photoredox/Pd dual catalysis and highlights the use of low-valent allylpalladium as a means to efficiently intercept radicals for selective asymmetric bond constructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hong-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongrui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - William A Goddard Iii
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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13
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Zhang X, Su W, Guo H, Fang P, Yang K, Song Q. N-Heterocycle-Editing to Access Fused-BN-Heterocycles via Ring-Opening/C-H Borylation/Reductive C-B Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318613. [PMID: 38196396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal editing of N-heterocycles has recently received considerable attention, and the introduction of boron atom into heterocycles often results in positive property changes. However, direct enlargement of N-heterocycles through boron atom insertion is rarely reported in the literature. Here, we report a N-heterocyclic editing reaction through the combination boron atom insertion and C-H borylation, accessing the fused-BN-heterocycles. The synthetic potential of this chemistry was demonstrated by substrate scope and late-stage diversification of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wanlan Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Huosheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Pengyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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14
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Yan D, Wen S, Xing Y, Bu J, Shen K. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive anti-Arylative Cyclization of Alkynyl Enones with Aryl Halides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2223-2231. [PMID: 38326966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive anti-arylative cyclization of alkynyl enones with aryl halides has been developed. The reaction avoids the use of stoichiometric organometallic reagents and has a broad reaction scope and high functional group tolerance. This method offers an efficient way to access a variety of synthetically useful carbocycles that are widely found in many natural products and biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghong Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shun Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yunxin Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Bu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kun Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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15
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Wen S, Bu J, Shen K. Dual Nickel- and Photoredox-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Cross-Coupling To Access Chiral Secondary Benzylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38327084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric cross-coupling represents a powerful strategy for C-C bond formation and the synthesis of enantiomerically pure molecules. Here, we report a dual nickel/photoredox-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of aryl halides with α-bromobenzoates, readily generated from aliphatic aldehydes, to provide diverse chiral secondary benzylic alcohols that are important motifs in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. This dual catalytic system features mild conditions, good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, excellent enantiocontrol, and avoidance of stoichiometric metal reductants, presenting great potential for late-stage functionalization of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Bu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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16
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Zhu W, Wei M, Wang Y, Wang G, Wang J, Rao H. Oxidative Nickel-Catalyzed ortho-C-H Amination of (Iso)quinolines with Alicyclic Amines Directed by a Sacrificial N-Oxide Group. Org Lett 2024; 26:912-916. [PMID: 38270506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal (TM)-catalyzed direct amination of C-H bonds on free or fused pyridine (Py) rings with free amines still remains scarce because amines and the Py ring tend to adopt a nonproductive N-bound coordination with many TMs, leading to a significant decrease of catalytic reactivity. We herein disclose a nickel-catalyzed and a sacrificial N-oxide group directed oxidative coupling of (iso)quinolyl C-H bonds and alicyclic amines, which furnishes bioimportant amino(iso)quinolines efficiently and selectively in a single step. Noteworthy, this protocol avoids the use of aggressive reactants and very strong bases usually required when aminating on nonoxidized Py rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yanrui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Honghua Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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17
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Michel NWM, Gabbey AL, Edjoc RK, Fagbola E, Hughes JME, Campeau LC, Rousseaux SAL. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Redox Active Esters for the Synthesis of α-Aryl Nitriles: Investigation of a Chlorosilane Additive. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38197128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of redox active N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters and iodoarenes for the synthesis of α-aryl nitriles is described. The NHP ester substrate is derived from cyanoacetic acid, which allows for a modular synthesis of substituted α-aryl nitriles, an important scaffold in the pharmaceutical sciences. The reaction exhibits a broad scope, and many functional groups are compatible under the reaction conditions, including complex highly functionalized medicinal agents. Mechanistic studies reveal that reduction and decarboxylation of the NHP ester to the reactive radical intermediate are accomplished by a combination of a chlorosilane additive and Zn dust. We demonstrate that stoichiometric chlorosilane is essential for product formation and that chlorosilane plays a role beyond activation of the metal reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W M Michel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexis L Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Racquel K Edjoc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Fagbola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Company Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Company Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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18
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Dong H, Wang C. Cobalt-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Alkenylation and Arylation of Heterobiaryl Tosylates: Kinetic Resolution or Dynamic Kinetic Resolution? J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38018138 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a cobalt-catalyzed atroposelective reductive cross-coupling of racemic heterobiaryl tosylates with a C(sp2)-X type electrophile. Both aryl and alkenyl halides are competent precursors for this reaction, providing a variety of heterobiaryls as the products in a highly enantioselective manner with high functionality tolerance. The related asymmetric arylation and alkenylation are discovered to proceed with divergent mechanisms. The reaction pathway changes from kinetic resolution (KR) when alkenyl bromides and aryl iodides bearing strong electron-withdrawing substitution on the para-position are employed as the starting materials to an enantioconvergent transformation via dynamic KR of configurationally labile cobaltacycles when relatively electron-rich aryl iodides are used. The change of the reaction mechanisms turns out to arise from the relative rates of two competing elementary steps, which are the epimerization of the cyclic Co(I) intermediates and their trapping by the coupling electrophiles of the C(sp2)-type via oxidative addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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19
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Liu T, Meng Z, Zhou Y, Wang T, Lv K. Mechanistic Insights into the Ligand-Directed Divergent Synthesis of 2-Benzazepine Derivatives via Ni-Catalyzed Tunable Cyclization/Cross-Coupling: A DFT Study. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17946-17953. [PMID: 37851378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The detailed mechanisms of Ni-catalyzed ligand-controlled cyclization/cross-coupling of o-bromobenzenesulfonyl acrylamide (1a) with trifluoromethyl alkene were investigated by DFT calculations. The computational results support a single-electron reduction of NiII precatalyst to give BrNiIL species, which would react with 1a via oxidative addition to afford the (Ar)NiIIILBr2 complex. The subsequent cyclizations did not proceed until (Ar)NiIIILBr2 was reduced to the key (Ar)NiIL complex. For the bpy-involving reaction, the subsequent steps include nucleophilic attack to the carbonyl carbon atom, N-C bond breaking, intramolecular migratory insertion, as well as concerted C-C cross-coupling and β-F elimination. While the ligand of terpyridine promotes the 7-endocyclization followed by stepwise migratory insertion and β-F elimination to afford 2-benzazepine 2,5-dione. For both reactions, a theoretical study implied that the most favorable mechanism involved a NiI-NiIII-NiI catalytic cycle. The origins of the chemoselectivity, coupled with the factors responsible, were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zitong Meng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Yihang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Kang Lv
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
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20
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Palkowitz MD, Emmanuel MA, Oderinde MS. A Paradigm Shift in Catalysis: Electro- and Photomediated Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2851-2865. [PMID: 37772915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusTransition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are fundamental reactions in organic chemistry, facilitating strategic bond formations for accessing natural products, organic materials, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Redox chemistry enables access to elusive cross-coupling mechanisms through single-electron processes as an alternative to classical two-electron strategies predominated by palladium catalysis. The seminal reports of Baran, MacMillan, Doyle, Molander, Weix, Lin, Fu, Reisman, and others in merging redox perturbation (photochemical, electrochemical, and purely chemical) with catalysis are pivotal to the current resurgence and mechanistic understanding of first-row transition metal-based catalysis. The hallmark of this redox platform is the systematic modulation of transition-metal oxidation states by a photoredox catalyst or at a heterogeneous electrode surface. Electrocatalysis and photocatalysis enhance transition metal catalysis' capacity for bond formation through electron- or energy-transfer processes that promote otherwise challenging elementary steps or elusive mechanisms. Cross-coupling conditions promoted by electrocatalysis and photocatalysis are mild, and bond formation proceeds with exceptionally high chemoselectivity and wide functional group tolerance. The interfacing of abundant first-row transition-metal catalysis with electrocatalysis and photocatalysis has brought about a paradigm shift in cross-coupling technology as practitioners are quickly applying these tools in synthesizing fine chemicals and pharmaceutically relevant motifs. In particular, the merger of Ni catalysis with electro- and photochemistry ushered in a new era for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom cross-couplings with expanded generality compared to their thermally driven counterparts. Over the past decade, we have developed enabling photo- and electrochemical methods throughout our combined research experience in industry (BMS, AstraZeneca) and academia (Professor Baran, Scripps Research) in cross-disciplinary collaborative environments. In this Account, we will outline recent progress from our past and present laboratories in photo- and electrochemically mediated Ni-catalyzed cross-couplings. By highlighting these cross-coupling methodologies, we will also compare mechanistic features of both electro- and photochemical strategies for forging C(sp2)-C(sp3), C(sp3)-C(sp3), C-O, C-N, and C-S bonds. Through these side-by-side comparisons, we hope to demystify the subtle differences between the two complementary tools to enact redox control over transition metal catalysis. Finally, building off the collective experience of ourselves and the rest of the community, we propose a tactical user guide to photo- and electrochemically driven cross-coupling reactions to aid the practitioner in rapidly applying such tools in their synthetic designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian D Palkowitz
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, 250 Water Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Megan A Emmanuel
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Martins S Oderinde
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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21
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Wang CY, Huang YL, Xu WC, Gao Q, Liu P, Bi YX, Liu GK, Wang XS. Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxyarylation with NHP Esters of α-Amino Acid to Chiral Benzylamines. Org Lett 2023; 25:6964-6968. [PMID: 37710364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxyarylation of NHP esters via reductive cross-coupling has been established. Utilizing the NHP of amino acid esters as radical precursors furnishes a new protocol in which structurally diverse chiral benzylamines could be accessible. This method has demonstrated excellent catalytic efficiency, high enantioselective control, mild conditions, and good functional group tolerance, thus enabling the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Bi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guo-Kai Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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22
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Liu S, Wang SL, Wan J, Peng S, Zhang JR, Ding HJ, Zhang B, Ni HL, Cao P, Hu P, Wang BQ, Chen B. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aziridines and Allylic Chlorides. Org Lett 2023; 25:6582-6586. [PMID: 37642345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of aziridines and allylic chlorides was realized by using manganese metal as the reducing agent. This protocol afforded a convenient approach to obtain β-allyl-substituted arylethylamines bearing various functional groups. The utility of this reaction was also demonstrated by scale-up preparation and diverse transformations, including the synthesis of Baclofen and several bioactive molecular motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen-Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Rui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Jiao Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Liang Ni
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
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23
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Tang W, Fan P. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Ring Opening/ gem-Difluoroallylation of Aziridines. Org Lett 2023; 25:5756-5761. [PMID: 37503939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a nickel-catalyzed regioselective cross-electrophile ring opening reaction of sulfonyl-protected aziridines with trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes as the gem-difluoroallylating agents, providing a new and efficient entry to prepare gem-difluorobishomoallylic sulfonamides. Moreover, the scaffold of 6-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine can be constructed starting from the ring opening products via NaH-mediated intramolecular defluorinative nucleophilic vinylic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low Temperature Co-fired Materials, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Pei Fan
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low Temperature Co-fired Materials, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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24
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Yang F, Wang C. Nickel-Catalyzed Directed Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Phenolic Esters with Arylmethyl Trimethylammonium Triflates. J Org Chem 2023; 88:10199-10205. [PMID: 37432780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In this context, we successfully utilize polycyclic aryl-activated alkyl ammonium triflates as the electrophilic aryl-activated alkylating agent in the nickel-catalyzed hydroxyl- or sulfonamide-directed cross-electrophile coupling reaction with an array of phenyl benzoates, allowing for the synthesis of various aryl ketones under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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25
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Zhao WT, Shu W. Enantioselective Csp3-Csp3 formation by nickel-catalyzed enantioconvergent cross-electrophile alkyl-alkyl coupling of unactivated alkyl halides. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg9898. [PMID: 37418514 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The pervasive occurrence of saturated stereogenic carbon centers in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, functional organic materials, and natural products has stimulated great efforts toward the construction of such saturated carbon centers. We report a reaction mode for the enantioselective construction of alkyl-alkyl bond to access saturated stereogenic carbon centers by asymmetric reductive cross-coupling between different alkyl electrophiles in good yields with great levels of enantioselectivity. This reaction mode uses only alkyl electrophiles for enantioselective Csp3-Csp3 bond-formation, rendering reductive alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling as an alternative to traditional alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reactions between alkyl nucleophiles and alkyl electrophiles to access saturated stereogenic carbon centers without the use of organometallic reagents. The reaction displays a broad scope for two alkyl electrophiles with good functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction undergoes a single electron transfer that enabled the reductive coupling pathway to form the alkyl-alkyl bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Zhao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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26
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Zhang W, Guan W, Martinez Alvarado JI, Novaes LFT, Lin S. Deep Electroreductive Chemistry: Harnessing Carbon- and Silicon-based Reactive Intermediates in Organic Synthesis. ACS Catal 2023; 13:8038-8048. [PMID: 38707967 PMCID: PMC11067979 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This Viewpoint outlines our recent contribution in electroreductive synthesis. Specifically, we leveraged deeply reducing potentials provided by electrochemistry to generate radical and anionic intermediates from readily available alkyl halides and chlorosilanes. Harnessing the distinct reactivities of radicals and anions, we have achieved several challenging transformations to construct C-C, C-Si, and Si-Si bonds. We highlight the mechanistic design principle that underpinned the development of each transformation and provide a view forward on future opportunities in growing area of reductive electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luiz F. T. Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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27
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Wesenberg LJ, Sivo A, Vilé G, Noël T. Ni-Catalyzed Electro-Reductive Cross-Electrophile Couplings of Alkyl Amine-Derived Radical Precursors with Aryl Iodides. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37220023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the "Escape-from-Flatland" trend has prompted the synthetic community to develop a set of cross-coupling strategies to introduce sp3-carbon-based fragments in organic compounds. This study presents a novel nickel-catalyzed electrochemical methodology for reductive cross-electrophile coupling. The method enables C(sp2)-C(sp3) linkages using inexpensive amine-derived radical precursors and aryl iodides. The use of electrochemistry as a power source reduces waste and avoids chemical reductants, making this approach a more sustainable alternative to traditional cross-coupling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars J Wesenberg
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Sivo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Timothy Noël
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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28
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Wang JW, Li Z, Liu D, Zhang JY, Lu X, Fu Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Remote Asymmetric Hydroalkylation of Alkenyl Ethers to Access Ethers of Chiral Dialkyl Carbinols. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10411-10421. [PMID: 37127544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Site- and enantio-selective alkyl-alkyl bond formation is privileged in the retrosynthetic analysis due to the universality of sp3-hybridized carbon atoms in organic molecules. Herein, we report a nickel-catalyzed remote asymmetric hydroalkylation of alkenyl ethers via synchronous implementation of alkene isomerization and enantioselective C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation. Regression analysis of catalyst structure-activity relationships accelerates the rational ligand modification through modular regulation. This reaction has several advantages for synthesizing chiral dialkyl carbinols and their ether derivatives, including the broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, excellent regioselectivity (>20:1 regioisomeric ratio), and high enantioselectivity (up to 95% enantiomeric excess).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wang Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Deguang Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Yang Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
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29
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Zhang G, Luo X, Guan C, Cui Y, Ding C. Pd/Ni Co‐catalyzed Selective Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Bromides and Aryl Fluorosulfonates at Room Temperature. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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30
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Hu X, Cheng-Sánchez I, Cuesta-Galisteo S, Nevado C. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Electrochemical Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aryl Aziridines with Alkenyl Bromides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6270-6279. [PMID: 36881734 PMCID: PMC10037331 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemically driven nickel-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of aryl aziridines with alkenyl bromides has been developed, affording enantioenriched β-aryl homoallylic amines with excellent E-selectivity. This electroreductive strategy proceeds in the absence of heterogeneous metal reductants and sacrificial anodes by employing constant current electrolysis in an undivided cell with triethylamine as a terminal reductant. The reaction features mild conditions, remarkable stereocontrol, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility, which was illustrated by the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules. Mechanistic studies indicate that this transformation conforms with a stereoconvergent mechanism in which the aziridine is activated through a nucleophilic halide ring-opening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iván Cheng-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Cuesta-Galisteo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Ma NN, Hu XB, Wu YS, Zheng YW, Ma M, Chu XQ, Xu H, Luo H, Shen ZL. Nickel-Catalyzed Direct Cross-Coupling of Aryl Thioether with Aryl Bromide. Org Lett 2023; 25:1771-1775. [PMID: 36862539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward cross-coupling of aryl thioether with aryl bromide with the aid of nickel salt, magnesium, and lithium chloride in tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature was accomplished. The one-pot reactions proceeded efficiently via C-S bond cleavage to produce the desired biaryls in modest to good yields, avoiding the use of pregenerated or commercial organometallic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Ma
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xuan-Bo Hu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yuan-Shuai Wu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ya-Wen Zheng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Chu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haiqing Luo
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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32
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Qi D, Zhang X, Wang X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Shi L, Zhang G. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Iminoarylation of Oxime Ester-Tethered Alkenes: Rapid Entrance to Diverse Functionalized Pyrrolines. Org Lett 2023; 25:1126-1130. [PMID: 36763011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a general and practical iminoarylation of alkenes by nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of unsaturated oxime esters with readily available aryl halides, providing an expedient approach for constructing pyrroline derivatives. The absence of organometallic reagents enables the reaction to occur under mild conditions with a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, other C-based electrophiles, including alkenyl, alkynyl and alkyl halides, or pseudohalides, were also competent substrates for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Qi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaopan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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33
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Huang X, Tang L, Song Z, Jiang S, Liu X, Ma M, Chen B, Ma Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Desulfonylative Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aryl Sulfones with Aryl Bromides. Org Lett 2023; 25:1198-1203. [PMID: 36757152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a nickel catalysis system for desulfonylative C(sp2)-C(sp2) reductive cross-coupling reactions of aryl sulfone derivatives with a range of aryl bromides has been established to form diverse biaryl compounds. The complex Ar-Ni(II)-SO2CF3 bearing a phosphine ligand through oxidative addition of aryl sulfone to Ni(0) species was isolated and confirmed by an X-ray, which provides solid evidence for the understanding of the C(Ar)-SO2 bond activation and reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xianmao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
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34
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Tang S, Zhang HH, Yu S. Enantioselective reductive allylic alkylation enabled by dual photoredox/palladium catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1153-1156. [PMID: 36628922 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06705f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A dual photoredox/palladium catalyzed regio- and enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of allylic acetates with tertiary/secondary alkyl bromides has been achieved, and Hantzsch ester is used as a homogeneous organic reductant. This straightforward protocol enables the stereoselective construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest that this reaction involves radical pathways and a chiral Pd complex enables the control of the regio- and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hong-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. .,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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35
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Xiang H, He J, Qian W, Qiu M, Xu H, Duan W, Ouyang Y, Wang Y, Zhu C. Electroreductively Induced Radicals for Organic Synthesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020857. [PMID: 36677915 PMCID: PMC9866059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemistry has attracted tremendous interest within the novel sustainable methodologies that have not only reduced the undesired byproducts, but also utilized cleaner and renewable energy sources. Particularly, oxidative electrochemistry has gained major attention. On the contrary, reductive electrolysis remains an underexplored research direction. In this context, we discuss advances in transition-metal-free cathodically generated radicals for selective organic transformations since 2016. We highlight the electroreductive reaction of alkyl radicals, aryl radicals, acyl radicals, silyl radicals, fluorosulfonyl radicals and trifluoromethoxyl radicals.
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36
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Recent Advances in Nickel-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Coupling. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2023_85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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37
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Ding D, Zhang L, Wen H, Wang C. Cobalt-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Dicarbofunctionalization of 1,3-Dienes with o-Bromoaryl Imines as a Bis-Electrophile. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Decai Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Linchuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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38
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Chen Q, You J, Tian T, Li Z, Kashihara M, Mori H, Nishihara Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Reductive Alkylation of Aroyl Fluorides with Alkyl Bromides. Org Lett 2022; 24:9259-9263. [PMID: 36516299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the nickel-catalyzed reductive alkylation of aroyl fluorides with alkyl bromides in a decarbonylative manner. In this reaction, various functional groups are well tolerated and the C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond can be constructed directly without the use of organometallic reagents. The present reaction is a cross-electrophile coupling via the radical pathway, affording the corresponding alkylarenes in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jingwen You
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Zhenyao Li
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Myuto Kashihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mori
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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39
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Duan A, Xiao F, Lan Y, Niu L. Mechanistic views and computational studies on transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9986-10015. [PMID: 36374254 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions have been considered as a powerful tool to convert two electrophiles into value-added products. Numerous related reports have shown the fascinating potential. Mechanistic studies, especially theoretical studies, can provide important implications for the design of novel reductive coupling reactions. In this review, we summarize the representative advancements in theoretical studies on transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions and systematically elaborate the mechanisms for the key steps of reductive coupling reactions. The activation modes of electrophiles and the deep insights of selectivity generation are mechanistically discussed. In addition, the mechanism of the reduction of high-oxidation-state catalysts and further construction of new chemical bonds are also described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Fengjiao Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Linbin Niu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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40
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Ye Y, Lin Y, Mao ND, Yang H, Ye XY, Xie T. Recent progress in nickel-catalyzed carboboration of alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9255-9271. [PMID: 36399007 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01855a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alkenes represent one of the most useful building blocks for organic synthesis, owing to their abundance and versatile reactivity. Transition metal (Pd, Cu, Co, Ni, Fe, etc.) catalyzed difunctionalization of alkenes provides efficient access to substituted molecules from readily available alkenes by installing functional groups across their carbon-carbon double bonds. Particularly, Nickel-based catalytic complexes have attracted a great deal of attention. This is because they are prone to undergoing oxidative addition and slow β-hydride elimination, and can access both two-electron and radical pathways. Numerous elegant Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling methods, e.g., (hetero)arylboration, alkenylboration, alkylboration and alkynylboration of alkenes, have been developed with broad scopes and a high tolerance to a variety of functional groups. Therefore, the Ni-catalyzed carboboration of alkenes has become an efficient synthetic protocol to deliver substituted compounds by the cross-coupling of alkenes, electrophiles, and B2Pin2. Despite this progress, a number of challenging issues remaining in the field include broadening the types of carboboration reactions, especially the asymmetric ones, diversifying electrophile types (which is limited to halogens for now) and gaining profound insight into the reaction mechanisms. This review summarizes the recent progress in this emerging field from the literature published since 2018. It will provide the scientific community with convenience to access collective information and to accelerate their further research in order to broaden the scope of methodology and application in drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Nian-Dong Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Huimin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
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41
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Lin Q, Gong H, Wu F. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Heteroaryl Bromides with Tertiary Alkyl Halides. Org Lett 2022; 24:8996-9000. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology and Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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42
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Lombardi L, Cerveri A, Giovanelli R, Castiñeira Reis M, Silva López C, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Direct Synthesis of α-Aryl-α-Trifluoromethyl Alcohols via Nickel Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211732. [PMID: 36161744 PMCID: PMC9828748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-electrophile coupling between the redox-active N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide and iodoarenes is documented. The protocol reproduces a formal arylation of trifluoroacetaldehyde under mild conditions in high yields (up to 88 %) and with large functional group tolerance (30 examples). A combined computational and experimental investigation revealed a pivotal solvent assisted 1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) process to generate a nucleophilic α-hydroxy-α-trifluoromethyl C-centered radical for the Csp2 -Csp3 bond forming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Alessandro Cerveri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Riccardo Giovanelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | | | | | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
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43
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Franke MC, Longley VR, Rafiee M, Stahl SS, Hansen EC, Weix DJ. Zinc-Free, Scalable Reductive Cross-Electrophile Coupling Driven by Electrochemistry in an Undivided Cell. ACS Catal 2022; 12:12617-12626. [PMID: 37065181 PMCID: PMC10101217 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-electrophile coupling reactions are becoming increasingly important in organic synthesis, but application at scale is limited by three interconnected challenges: a reliance on amide solvents (complicated workup, regulated), the generation of stoichiometric Zn salts (complicated isolation, waste disposal issue), and mixing/activation challenges of zinc powder. We show here an electrochemical approach that addresses these three issues: the reaction works in acetonitrile with diisopropylethylamine as the terminal reductant in a simple undivided cell (graphite(+)/nickel foam(-)). The reaction utilizes a combination of two ligands, 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine and 4,4',4''-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine. Studies show that, alone, the bipyridine nickel catalyst predominantly forms protodehalogenated aryl and aryl dimer, whereas the terpyridine nickel catalyst predominantly forms bialkyl and product. By combining these two unselective catalysts, a tunable, general system results because excess radical formed by the terpyridine catalyst can be converted to product by the bipyridine catalyst. As the aryl bromide becomes more electron rich, the optimal ratio shifts to have more of the bipyridine nickel catalyst. Lastly, examination of a variety of flow-cell configurations establishes that batch recirculation can achieve higher productivity (mmol product/time/electrode area) than single-pass, that high flow rates are essential to maximizing current, and that two flow cells in parallel can nearly halve the reaction time. The resulting reaction is demonstrated on gram scale and should be scalable to kilogram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareena C. Franke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Victoria R. Longley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Eric C. Hansen
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340 USA
| | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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44
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Perveen S, Zhang S, Wang L, Song P, Ouyang Y, Jiao J, Duan X, Li P. Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls via Enantioselective Ullmann Coupling of
ortho
‐Chlorinated Aryl Aldehydes Enabled by a Chiral 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212108. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Perveen
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Peidong Song
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Xin‐Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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45
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Dongbang S, Doyle AG. Ni/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Coupling between Aziridines and Acetals as Alcohol-Derived Alkyl Radical Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20067-20077. [PMID: 36256882 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aziridines are readily available C(sp3) precursors that afford valuable β-functionalized amines upon ring opening. In this article, we report a Ni/photoredox methodology for C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling between aziridines and methyl/1°/2° aliphatic alcohols activated as benzaldehyde dialkyl acetals. Orthogonal activation modes of each alkyl coupling partner facilitate cross-selectivity in the C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond-forming reaction: the benzaldehyde dialkyl acetal is activated via hydrogen atom abstraction and β-scission via a bromine radical (generated in situ from single-electron oxidation of bromide), whereas the aziridine is activated at the Ni center via reduction. We demonstrate that an Ni(II) azametallacycle, conventionally proposed in aziridine cross-coupling, is not an intermediate in the productive cross-coupling. Rather, stoichiometric organometallic and linear free energy relationship studies indicate that aziridine activation proceeds via Ni(I) oxidative addition, a previously unexplored elementary step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Dongbang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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46
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Ding Z, Kong W. Synthesis of Carbonyl-Containing Oxindoles via Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Aryl-Acylation and Aryl-Esterification of Alkenes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185899. [PMID: 36144635 PMCID: PMC9503384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl-containing oxindoles are ubiquitous core structures present in many biologically active natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. Nickel-catalyzed reductive aryl-acylation of alkenes using aryl anhydrides or alkanoyl chlorides as acyl sources is developed, providing 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles bearing ketone functionality at the 3-position. Moreover, nickel-catalyzed reductive aryl-esterification of alkenes using chloroformate as ester sources is further developed, affording 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles bearing ester functionality at the 3-position. This strategy has the advantages of good yields and high functional group compatibility.
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47
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Luridiana A, Mazzarella D, Capaldo L, Rincón JA, García-Losada P, Mateos C, Frederick MO, Nuño M, Jan Buma W, Noël T. The Merger of Benzophenone HAT Photocatalysis and Silyl Radical-Induced XAT Enables Both Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling and 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Olefins. ACS Catal 2022; 12:11216-11225. [PMID: 36158902 PMCID: PMC9486949 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A strategy for both
cross-electrophile coupling and 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization
of olefins has been developed. Carbon-centered radicals are generated
from alkyl bromides by merging benzophenone hydrogen atom transfer
(HAT) photocatalysis and silyl radical-induced halogen atom transfer
(XAT) and are subsequently intercepted by a nickel catalyst to forge
the targeted C(sp3)–C(sp2) and C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds. The mild protocol is fast
and scalable using flow technology, displays broad functional group
tolerance, and is amenable to a wide variety of medicinally relevant
moieties. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the ketone catalyst,
upon photoexcitation, is responsible for the direct activation of
the silicon-based XAT reagent (HAT-mediated XAT) that furnishes the
targeted alkyl radical and is ultimately involved in the turnover
of the nickel catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Luridiana
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Mazzarella
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan A. Rincón
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Losada
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Michael O. Frederick
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Manuel Nuño
- Vapourtec Ltd. Park Farm Business Centre, Fornham St Genevieve, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP28 6TS, U.K
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Molecular Photonics, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Wang H, Han W, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Dual Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Site-Selective Cross-Coupling of 1,2-Bis-Boronic Esters Enabled by 1,2-Boron Shifts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207988. [PMID: 35779000 PMCID: PMC9543306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Site‐selective transition‐metal‐catalyzed mono‐deboronative cross‐couplings of 1,2‐bis‐boronic esters are valuable methods for the synthesis of functionalized organoboron compounds. However, such cross‐couplings are limited to reaction of the sterically less hindered primary boronic ester. Herein, we report a nickel/photoredox‐catalyzed mono‐deboronative arylation of 1,2‐bis‐boronic esters that is selective for coupling of the more sterically hindered secondary/tertiary position. This is achieved by taking advantage of a 1,2‐boron shift of primary β‐boryl radicals to the thermodynamically favored secondary/tertiary radicals, which are subsequently intercepted by the nickel catalyst to enable arylation. The mild conditions are amenable to a broad range of aryl halides to give β‐aryl boronic ester products in good yields and with high regioselectivity. This method also allows stereodivergent coupling of cyclic cis‐1,2‐bis‐boronic esters to give trans‐substituted products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Wangyujing Han
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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49
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Chen H, Yue H, Zhu C, Rueping M. Reactivity in Nickel‐Catalyzed Multi‐component Sequential Reductive Cross‐Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204144. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Chen
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Huifeng Yue
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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50
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Tian X, Kaur J, Yakubov S, Barham JP. α-Amino Radical Halogen Atom Transfer Agents for Metallaphotoredox-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Couplings of Distinct Organic Halides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200906. [PMID: 35587725 PMCID: PMC9541218 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
α-Amino radicals from simple tertiary amines were employed as halogen atom transfer (XAT) agents in metallaphotoredox catalysis for cross-electrophile couplings of organic bromides with organic iodides. This XAT strategy proved to be efficient for the generation of carbon radicals from a range of partners (alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl iodides). The reactivities of these radical intermediates were captured by nickel catalysis with organobromides including aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, and alkyl bromides, enabling six diverse C-C bond formations. Classic named reactions including Negishi, Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira reactions were readily achieved in a net-reductive fashion under mild conditions. More importantly, the cross coupling was viable with either organic bromide or iodide as limiting reactant based on the availability of substrates, which is beneficial to the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules. The scalability of this method in batch and flow was investigated, further demonstrating its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
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