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Zhang W, Khare R, Kim S, Hale L, Hu W, Yuan C, Sheng Y, Zhang P, Wahl L, Mai J, Yang B, Gutiérrez OY, Ray D, Fulton J, Camaioni DM, Hu J, Wang H, Lee MS, Lercher JA. Active species in chloroaluminate ionic liquids catalyzing low-temperature polyolefin deconstruction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5785. [PMID: 38987244 PMCID: PMC11237162 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chloroaluminate ionic liquids selectively transform (waste) polyolefins into gasoline-range alkanes through tandem cracking-alkylation at temperatures below 100 °C. Further improvement of this process necessitates a deep understanding of the nature of the catalytically active species and the correlated performance in the catalyzing critical reactions for the tandem polyolefin deconstruction with isoalkanes at low temperatures. Here, we address this requirement by determining the nuclearity of the chloroaluminate ions and their interactions with reaction intermediates, combining in situ 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in situ Raman spectroscopy, Al K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and catalytic activity measurement. Cracking and alkylation are facilitated by carbenium ions initiated by AlCl3-tert-butyl chloride (TBC) adducts, which are formed by the dissociation of Al2Cl7- in the presence of TBC. The carbenium ions activate the alkane polymer strands and advance the alkylation cycle through multiple hydride transfer reactions. In situ 1H NMR and operando infrared spectroscopy demonstrate that the cracking and alkylation processes occur synchronously; alkenes formed during cracking are rapidly incorporated into the carbenium ion-mediated alkylation cycle. The conclusions are further supported by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations coupled with an enhanced sampling method, and model experiments using n-hexadecane as a feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, Germany.
| | - Rachit Khare
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, Germany
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Lillian Hale
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wenda Hu
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Chunlin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, Germany
| | - Yaoci Sheng
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, Germany
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, Germany
| | - Lennart Wahl
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, Germany
| | - Jiande Mai
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Boda Yang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Oliver Y Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Debmalya Ray
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA
| | - John Fulton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Donald M Camaioni
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jianzhi Hu
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Johannes A Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, Germany.
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Hammouda MM, Elattar KM, El-Khateeb AY, Hamed SE, Osman AMA. Developments of pyridodipyrimidine heterocycles and their biological activities. Mol Divers 2024; 28:927-964. [PMID: 36840839 PMCID: PMC9959960 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The entitled review aimed to assemble and highlight the synthetic approaches and biological aspects of heterocycles with pyridodipyrimidine motifs. The recent synthetic approaches were categorized according to the accomplishments of the approaches under catalyst or catalyst-free conditions. The topic involved the synthesis of substituted tricyclic systems and spirocyclic systems. The present study offered an overview of the recent literature in addition to a scope of the preceding literature. The proposed mechanisms of the varied target products were discussed. Pyridodipyrimidine displayed potential and privileged cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial performances. The competitions, challenges, and prospects are also deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Elattar
- Faculty of Science, Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Ayman Y. El-Khateeb
- Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Sahar E. Hamed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Chemistry Department, Damietta University, Damietta, 22052 Egypt
| | - Amany M. A. Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam, Egypt
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Latos P, Wolny A, Chrobok A. Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Catalysts Dedicated for Continuous Flow Synthesis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2106. [PMID: 36903221 PMCID: PMC10004067 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis, although known for over a century, is constantly improved and plays a key role in solving the present problems in chemical technology. Thanks to the development of modern materials engineering, solid supports for catalytic phases having a highly developed surface are available. Recently, continuous-flow synthesis started to be a key technology in the synthesis of high added value chemicals. These processes are more efficient, sustainable, safer and cheaper to operate. The most promising is the use of heterogeneous catalyst with column-type fixed-bed reactors. The advantages of the use of heterogeneous catalyst in continuous flow reactors are the physical separation of product and catalyst, as well as the reduction in inactivation and loss of the catalyst. However, the state-of-the-art use of heterogeneous catalysts in flow systems compared to homogenous ones remains still open. The lifetime of heterogeneous catalysts remains a significant hurdle to realise sustainable flow synthesis. The goal of this review article was to present a state of knowledge concerning the application of Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) catalysts dedicated for continuous flow synthesis.
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Więcławik J, Chrobok A. Gallium(III)- and Indium(III)-Containing Ionic Liquids as Highly Active Catalysts in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041955. [PMID: 36838943 PMCID: PMC9967191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical industry still requires development of environmentally friendly processes. Acid-catalysed chemical processes may cause environmental problems. Urgent need to replace conventional acids has forced the search for sustainable alternatives. Metal-containing ionic liquids have drawn considerable attention from scientists for many years. These compounds may exhibit very high Lewis acidity, which is usually dependent on the composition of the ionic liquid with the particular content of metal salt. Therefore, metal-containing ionic liquids have found a lot of applications and are successfully employed as catalysts, co-catalysts or reaction media in various fields of chemistry, especially in organic chemistry. Gallium(III)- and indium(III)-containing ionic liquids help to transfer the remarkable activity of metal salts into even more active and easier-to-handle forms of ionic liquids. This review highlights the wide range of possible applications and the high potential of metal-containing ionic liquids with special focus on Ga(III) and In(III), which may help to outline the framework for further development of the presented research topic and synthesis of new representatives of this group of compounds.
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Silica-Based Supported Ionic Liquid-like Phases as Heterogeneous Catalysts. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185900. [PMID: 36144636 PMCID: PMC9500683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Supported ionic liquid phases offer several advantages related with catalysis. Immobilization of ionic liquid on the solid support provides catalytic activity or efficient matrix for active phases, as enzymes or metal compounds. Ionic liquid can be physically adsorbed on the carrier (supported ionic liquid phase) or chemically grafted to the material surface (supported ionic liquid-like phase). The use of supported ionic liquid phases improves mass transport, reduces ionic amount in the process and, most importantly, enables effortless catalyst separation and recycling. Moreover, chemical modification of the surface material with ionic liquid prevents its leaching, enhancing length of catalyst life. Silica-based materials have become an effective and powerful matrix for supported ionic liquid-like phase due to its cost-efficiency, presence of hydroxyl groups on the surface enabling its functionalization, and specific material properties, such as the size and shapes of the pores. For these reasons, supported ionic liquid-like phase silica-based materials are successfully used in the organic catalysis.
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Lin X, Jiang K, Liu X, Han D, Zhang Q. Review on development of ionic liquids in lignocellulosic biomass refining. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Sakhalkar M, Lande SV, Chandra S. Facile and Selective Mono Benzylation of Naphthalene Using Atom Efficient Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1802304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh Sakhalkar
- Department of Chemistry, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to-be University), Mumbai, India
- Reliance technology group, M/s Reliance Industries Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sharad V. Lande
- Reliance technology group, M/s Reliance Industries Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sudeshna Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to-be University), Mumbai, India
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9
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Rowe R, Lovelock KRJ, Hunt PA. Bi(III) halometallate ionic liquids: Interactions and speciation. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:014501. [PMID: 34241390 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bismuth containing compounds are of particular interest for optical or photo-luminescent applications in sensing, bio-imaging, telecommunications, and opto-electronics and as components in non-toxic extremely dense liquids. Bismuth(III) halometallates form highly colored novel ionic liquid based solvents for which experimental characterization and fundamental understanding are limited. In this work, Bismuth(III) halometallates incorporating chloride, bromide, and iodide have been studied via density functional theory employing B3LYP-D3BJ/aug-cc-pVDZ. Lone anions, and anions in clusters with sufficient 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium [C2C1Im]+ counter-cations to balance the charge, have been investigated in the gas- phase, and with polarizable continuum solvation. Evaluation of speciation profiles indicates that dimeric or trimeric anions are prevalent. In contrast to analogous Al systems, anions of higher charge (-2, -3) are present. Speciation profiles are similar, but not identical with respect to the halide. The Bi based anions [BimXn]x- in the gas phase and generalized solvation environment produce multiple low energy conformers; moreover, key structural interaction patterns emerge from an analysis of ion-pair and neutral-cluster structures (BimXn)x-(C2C1Im)x + for x = 1, 2, and 3. Cation-anion interactions are weak; with Coulombic and dispersion forces predominating, anion-π structures are favored, while significant hydrogen bonding does not occur. Anion to cation charge transfer is minimal, but mutual polarization is significant, leading to local positive regions in the anion electrostatic potential surface. The key features of experimental x-ray photoelectron, UV-Vis spectra, and Raman spectra are reproduced, validating the computational results and facilitating rationalization of key features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rowe
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patricia A Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Philippi F, Welton T. Targeted modifications in ionic liquids - from understanding to design. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6993-7021. [PMID: 33876073 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00216c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are extremely versatile and continue to find new applications in academia as well as industry. This versatility is rooted in the manifold of possible ion types, ion combinations, and ion variations. However, to fully exploit this versatility, it is imperative to understand how the properties of ionic liquids arise from their constituents. In this work, we discuss targeted modifications as a powerful tool to provide understanding and to enable design. A 'targeted modification' is a deliberate change in the structure of an ionic liquid. This includes chemical changes in an experiment as well as changes to the parameterisation in a computer simulation. In any case, such a change must be purposeful to isolate what is of interest, studying, as far as is possible, only one concept at a time. The concepts can then be used as design elements. However, it is often found that several design elements interact with each other - sometimes synergistically, and other times antagonistically. Targeted modifications are a systematic way of navigating these overlaps. We hope this paper shows that understanding ionic liquids requires experimentalists and theoreticians to join forces and provides a tool to tackle the difficult transition from understanding to design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Philippi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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11
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Characterization of the ionic liquid obtained by chlorosulfonation of 1-methylimidazole: 1-methyl-3-sulfonic acid imidazolium chloride, 1-methylimidazolium chlorosulfate or a zwitterionic salt? J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Liu F, Yu J, Qazi AB, Zhang L, Liu X. Metal-Based Ionic Liquids in Oxidative Desulfurization: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1419-1435. [PMID: 33433212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) as novel functional desulfurization materials have attracted increasing attentions. Metal-based ionic liquids (MILs) are classified into three types of metal chloride ILs, metal oxide ILs, and metal complex ILs based on the definition and basic structure of MILs in this critical review. On the basis of the properties of ILs such as structure designability, super dissolution performance, good thermal and chemical stability, nonflammability, and wide electrochemical window, MILs exhibit unique advantages on hydrophobicity, oxidation performance, and Brönsted-Lewis acidity. Therefore, MILs possess both the absorption and oxidation centers for the intramolecular adsorption and oxidation to improve the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process. During the novel nonaqueous wet oxidative desulfurization process (Nasil), H2S can be oxidized into elemental sulfur with hydrophobic MILs, which can be regenerated by oxygen for recycle, to solve the problems of low sulfur capacity, low sulfur quality, and severe secondary pollution in the aqueous Lo-Cat wet oxidative desulfurization process. Another outstanding feature of MILs in ODS is biomimetic catalysis, which has the function of activating molecular oxygen and improving the oxidation performance. Metal oxide ILs and metal complex ILs are used in combination with hydrogen peroxide or oxygen with the existing water to generate a Fenton-like reaction to convert hydrophobic organic sulfur or SO2 into hydrophilic sulfoxide/sulfone or sulfur acid, respectively. However, the corrosion of Cl- to the equipment and emulsification phenomenon in the extraction process of sulfoxide/sulfone separation still need further study. Furthermore, the promising strategies to construct highly efficient and green desulfurization processes for large-scale applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- Research Group of Environmental Catalysis and Separation Process, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Research Group of Environmental Catalysis and Separation Process, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Abdul Basit Qazi
- Research Group of Environmental Catalysis and Separation Process, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Research Group of Environmental Catalysis and Separation Process, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Research Group of Environmental Catalysis and Separation Process, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Highly Active Trifloaluminate Ionic Liquids as Recyclable Catalysts for Green Oxidation of 2,3,6-Trimethylphenol to Trimethyl-1,4-Benzoquinone. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective method for the synthesis of 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone via the oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol as the key step in the in the preparation of vitamin E was presented. An aqueous solution of H2O2 was used as the oxidant and Lewis acidic trifloaluminate ionic liquids [emim][OTf]-Al(OTf)3, χAl(OTf)3 = 0.25 or 0.15 as catalysts. Trifloaluminate ionic liquids were synthesised by the simple reaction between 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) [emim][OTf] and aluminium triflate used in sub-stoichiometric quantities. The influence of the reaction parameters on the reaction course, such as the amount and concentration of the oxidant, the amount of catalyst, the amount and the type of organic solvent, temperature, and the reaction time was investigated. Finally, 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone was obtained in high selectivity (99%) and high 2,3,6-trimethylphenol conversion (84%) at 70 °C after 2 h of oxidation using a 4-fold excess of 60% aqueous H2O2 and acetic acid as the solvent. The catalytic performance of trifloaluminate ionic liquids supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (loading of active phase: 9.1 wt.%) was also demonstrated. The heterogeneous ionic liquids not only retained their activity compared to the homogenous counterparts, but also proved to be a highly recyclable catalysts.
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Sakhalkar M, Choudhury RP, Bhakthavatsalam V, Lande SV, Pradhan J, Chandra S. Deep compositional understanding of TBA: AlCl3 ionic liquid for its applications. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Piperidinium and Pyrrolidinium Ionic Liquids as Precursors in the Synthesis of New Platinum Catalysts for Hydrosilylation. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new air-stable anionic platinum complexes were synthesized in simple reactions of piperidinium [BMPip]Cl or pyrrolidinium [BMPyrr]Cl ionic liquids with platinum compounds ([Pt(cod)Cl2] or K2[PtCl6]). All these compounds were subjected to isolation and spectrometric characterization using NMR and ESI-MS techniques. Furthermore, the determination of melting points and thermal stability of the above derivatives was performed with the use of thermogravimetric analysis. The catalytic performance of the synthesized complexes was tested in hydrosilylation of 1-octene and allyl glycidyl ether with 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane. The study has shown that they have high catalytic activity and are insoluble in the reaction medium which enabled them to isolate and reuse them in consecutive catalytic cycles. The most active complex [BMPip]2[PtCl6] makes it possible to conduct at least 10 catalytic runs without losing activity which makes it an attractive alternative not only to commonly used homogeneous catalysts, but also to heterogeneous catalysts for hydrosilylation processes. The activity of the studied catalysts is also affected by the kind of anion and, to some extent, the kind of cation.
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Synthesis, characterization and catalytic application of tributyl(carboxymethyl)phosphonium bromotrichloroferrate as a new magnetic ionic liquid for the preparation of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones and 4H-pyrimidobenzothiazoles. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Kore R, Kelley SP, Sawant AD, Mishra MK, Rogers RD. Are ionic liquids and liquid coordination complexes really different? - Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of AlCl 3/base catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5362-5365. [PMID: 32285899 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lewis acid/base catalysts of AlCl3/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (O-NMP) and AlCl3/1-methylimidazole (N-Mim) were prepared and found to have higher catalytic activity in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene than the known super acidic ionic liquid chloroaluminate [HN222][Al2Cl7] ([HN222]+ = triethylammonium). Crystals structures were obtained for AlCl3(N-Mim), [AlCl2(O-NMP)2][AlCl4], and [Al(O-NMP)6][AlCl4]3·(C6H6)3 supporting the assignments of neutral and charged catalytic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Kore
- College of Arts & Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Steven P Kelley
- College of Arts & Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Anand D Sawant
- College of Arts & Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- College of Arts & Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Robin D Rogers
- College of Arts & Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA. and 525 Solutions, Inc., P.O. Box 2206, Tuscaloosa, AL 35403, USA
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Potangale M, Tiwari S. Correlation of the empirical polarity parameters of solvate ionic liquids (SILs) with molecular structure. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Zarei A, Yarie M, Zolfigol MA, Niknam K. Synthesis of a novel bifunctional oxyammonium‐based ionic liquid: Application for the synthesis of pyrano[4,3‐b]pyrans and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azra Zarei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryBu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | - Meysam Yarie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryBu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryBu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | - Khodabakhsh Niknam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesPersian Gulf University Bushehr Iran
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Li K, Choudhary H, Mishra MK, Rogers RD. Enhanced Acidity and Activity of Aluminum/Gallium-Based Ionic Liquids Resulting from Dynamic Anionic Speciation. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- College of Arts & Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Hemant Choudhary
- College of Arts & Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- College of Arts & Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Robin D. Rogers
- College of Arts & Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- 525 Solutions, Inc., P.O. Box 2206, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35403, United States
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Zhang B, Shi Z, Shen L, Liu X, Xu J, Wang Z. Low-temperature electrochemical codeposition of aluminum-neodymium alloy in a highly stable solvate ionic liquid. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Miao C, Zhuang H, Wen Y, Han F, Yang QF, Yang L, Li Z, Xia C. Efficient Thiolation of Alcohols Catalyzed by Long Chained Acid-Functionalized Ionic Liquids under Mild Conditions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxia Miao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an 271018 Shandong China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; hou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000, Gansu Lanzhou China
| | - Hongfeng Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yating Wen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an 271018 Shandong China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an 271018 Shandong China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; hou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000, Gansu Lanzhou China
| | - Qing-Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering; Ningxia University; 750021, Ningxia China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; hou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000, Gansu Lanzhou China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; hou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000, Gansu Lanzhou China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; hou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000, Gansu Lanzhou China
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24
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Sulfination of acetanilide using liquid coordination complexes as dual catalyst and solvent. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Synthesis and Properties of Magnetic Aryl-Imidazolium Ionic Liquids with Dual Brønsted/Lewis Acidity. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122539. [PMID: 30551622 PMCID: PMC6316537 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of unique tunable aryl-imidazolium magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) with dual acidity that contain both Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites (abbreviated as B-L MILs) were synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Physical properties, such as thermal properties, magnetic susceptibility, and Brønsted and Lewis acidity, were measured. These properties were found to depend on the cation structure. These B-L MILs had good solubility in many organic solvents, good thermal stability, and low melting points, and exhibited magnet-like behavior. For these B-L MILs, the Brønsted acidity was measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and the Lewis acidity was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that B-L MILs with an electron-withdrawing group in the aryl-imidazolium moiety had higher Brønsted acidity, whereas those with an electron-donating group had higher Lewis acidity. This type of ionic liquid, with both Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites, is expected to be a useful solvent and catalyst for organic reactions.
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26
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Azizi M, Nasr-Esfahani M, Mohammadpoor-Baltork I, Moghadam M, Mirkhani V, Tangestaninejad S, Kia R. Synthesis of Quinolines and Pyrido[3,2-g or 2,3-g]quinolines Catalyzed by Heterogeneous Propylphosphonium Tetrachloroindate Ionic Liquid. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14743-14750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | | | - Majid Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Valiollah Mirkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Shahram Tangestaninejad
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Reza Kia
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Mixed Chlorometallate Ionic Liquids as C4 Alkylation Catalysts: A Quantitative Study of Acceptor Properties. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8110498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The acceptor properties of mixed chlorometallate ionic liquids for isobutane-butene alkylation (C4 alkylation) reaction were studied. These ionic liquids were prepared by mixing metal chlorides with either triethylamine hydrochloride or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in various molar ratios. Using triethylphosphine oxide as a probe, Gutmann Acceptor Numbers (AN) of the catalysts were determined, and the Lewis acidity of mixed chlorometallate ionic liquids was quantitatively measured. Additionally, AN value was developed to determine the relationship between Lewis acidity and catalytic selectivity. The favorite AN value for the C4 alkylation reaction should be around 93.0. The [(C2H5)3NH]Cl–AlCl3−CuCl appears to be more Lewis acidity than that of [(C2H5)3NH]Cl–AlCl3. The correlation of the acceptor numbers to speciation of the mixed chlorometallate ionic liquids has also been investigated. [AlCl4]−, [Al2Cl7]−, and [MAlCl5]− (M = Cu, Ag) are the main anionic species of the mixed chlorometallate ILs. While the presence of [(C2H5)3N·M]+ cation always decreases the acidity of the [(C2H5)3NH]Cl−AlCl3−MCl ionic liquids.
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28
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Hollóczki O, Wolff A, Pallmann J, Whiteside RE, Hartley J, Grasser MA, Nockemann P, Brunner E, Doert T, Ruck M. Spontaneous Substitutions at Phosphorus Trihalides in Imidazolium Halide Ionic Liquids: Grotthuss Diffusion of Anions? Chemistry 2018; 24:16323-16331. [PMID: 30157298 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; University of Bonn; Beringstrasse 4+6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Alexander Wolff
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Julia Pallmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Rachel E. Whiteside
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University of Belfast; Belfast BT7 1NN UK
| | - Jennifer Hartley
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; TU Bergakademie Freiberg; 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Matthias A. Grasser
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Peter Nockemann
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University of Belfast; Belfast BT7 1NN UK
| | - Eike Brunner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Doert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids; Nöthnitzer Strasse 40 01187 Dresden Germany
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29
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Greb L. Lewis Superacids: Classifications, Candidates, and Applications. Chemistry 2018; 24:17881-17896. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 Germany
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30
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Lewis Acidity and Basicity of Mixed Chlorometallate Ionic Liquids: Investigations from Surface Analysis and Fukui Function. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 23:molecules23102516. [PMID: 30274390 PMCID: PMC6222785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mixed chlorometallate ionic liquids (ILs) have been regarded as potential solvents, catalysts, and reagents for many organic processes. The acidity and basicity of these ILs were correlated with theoretically estimated parameters such as electrostatic surface potential maxima and minima, average local surface ionization energy, and Fukui and dual descriptor functions. The introduction of metal chloride into the anions would influence the acidity/basicity of ILs by withdrawing the electron density from the cationic counterpart. For the [C4mim]-based ILs with the mixed-metal anions, the acidity tends to attenuate while the basicity becomes stronger, as compared to the corresponding chloroaluminate ILs. However, the acidity of [(C2H5)3NH]-based ILs with the mixed-metal anions are greater than that of the net chloroaluminate ILs. The Fukui function values showed that most of the mixed chlorometallate ILs belong to bifunctional distribution. The mixed chlorometallate ILs both have electrophilic and nucleophilic sites, which would be beneficial for their applications.
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31
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Abstract
There is no doubt that ionic liquids have become a major subject of study for modern chemistry. We have become used to ever more publications in the field each year, although there is some evidence that this is beginning to plateau at approximately 3500 papers each year. They have been the subject of several major reviews and books, dealing with different applications and aspects of their behaviours. In this article, I will show a little of how interest in ionic liquids grew and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, England.
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