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Liu A. Off-axis imaging with off-axis parabolic mirrors. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:8574-8576. [PMID: 38037971 DOI: 10.1364/ao.505675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Off-axis parabolic mirrors are commonly used to focus beams of light propagating along their optical axis. However, certain applications require the focusing of beams displaced from the optical axis. As this regime is less commonly encountered, we clarify certain unintuitive aspects of the imaging. These considerations have direct applications in implementing non-collinear optical geometries using a single parabolic mirror.
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2
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Blank TGH, Grishunin KA, Ivanov BA, Mashkovich EA, Afanasiev D, Kimel AV. Empowering Control of Antiferromagnets by THz-Induced Spin Coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:096701. [PMID: 37721841 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.096701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Finding efficient and ultrafast ways to control antiferromagnets is believed to be instrumental in unlocking their potential for magnetic devices operating at THz frequencies. Still, it is challenged by the absence of net magnetization in the ground state. Here, we show that the magnetization emerging from a state of coherent spin precession in antiferromagnetic iron borate FeBO_{3} can be used to enable the nonlinear coupling of light to another, otherwise weakly susceptible, mode of spin precession. This nonlinear mechanism can facilitate conceptually new ways of controlling antiferromagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G H Blank
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K A Grishunin
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B A Ivanov
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education and Science, 03142 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - E A Mashkovich
- Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - D Afanasiev
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A V Kimel
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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3
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Blank TGH, Grishunin KA, Zvezdin KA, Hai NT, Wu JC, Su SH, Huang JCA, Zvezdin AK, Kimel AV. Two-Dimensional Terahertz Spectroscopy of Nonlinear Phononics in the Topological Insulator MnBi_{2}Te_{4}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:026902. [PMID: 37505956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.026902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of a single-cycle terahertz electric field with the topological insulator MnBi_{2}Te_{4} triggers strongly anharmonic lattice dynamics, promoting fully coherent energy transfer between the otherwise noninteracting Raman-active E_{g} and infrared (IR)-active E_{u} phononic modes. Two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy combined with modeling based on the classical equations of motion and symmetry analysis reveals the multistage process underlying the excitation of the Raman-active E_{g} phonon. In this nonlinear combined photophononic process, the terahertz electric field first prepares a coherent IR-active E_{u} phononic state and subsequently interacts with this state to efficiently excite the E_{g} phonon.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G H Blank
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - K A Grishunin
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - K A Zvezdin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - N T Hai
- Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - J C Wu
- Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - S-H Su
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - J-C A Huang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - A K Zvezdin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- New Spintonic Technologies LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Kimel
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
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4
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Dastrup BS, Sung ER, Wulf F, Saraceno C, Nelson KA. Enhancement of THz generation in LiNbO 3 waveguides via multi-bounce velocity matching. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:335. [PMID: 36433945 PMCID: PMC9700704 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To realize the full promise of terahertz polaritonics (waveguide-based terahertz field generation, interaction, and readout) as a viable spectroscopy platform, much stronger terahertz fields are needed to enable nonlinear and even robust linear terahertz measurements. We use a novel geometric approach in which the optical pump is totally internally reflected to increase the distance over which optical rectification occurs. Velocity matching is achieved by tuning the angle of internal reflection. By doing this, we are able to enhance terahertz spectral amplitude by over 10x compared to conventional single-pass terahertz generation. An analysis of the depletion mechanisms reveals that 3-photon absorption and divergence of the pump beam are the primary limiters of further enhancement. This level of enhancement is promising for enabling routine spectroscopic measurements in an integrated fashion and is made more encouraging by the prospect of further enhancement by using longer pump wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake S Dastrup
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eric R Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Frank Wulf
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Clara Saraceno
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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5
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Gerken F, Posske T, Mukamel S, Thorwart M. Unique Signatures of Topological Phases in Two-Dimensional THz Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:017401. [PMID: 35841546 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.017401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We develop a microscopic theory for the two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy of one-dimensional topological superconductors. We consider a ring geometry of an archetypal topological superconductor with periodic boundary conditions, bypassing energy-specific differences caused by topologically protected or trivial boundary modes that are hard to distinguish. We show numerically and analytically that the cross-peak structure of the 2D spectra carries unique signatures of the topological phases of the chain. Our work reveals how 2D spectroscopy can identify topological phases in bulk properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gerken
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Notkestraße 9, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thore Posske
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Notkestraße 9, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Michael Thorwart
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Notkestraße 9, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Mashkovich EA, Grishunin KA, Dubrovin RM, Zvezdin AK, Pisarev RV, Kimel AV. Terahertz light-driven coupling of antiferromagnetic spins to lattice. Science 2021; 374:1608-1611. [PMID: 34941422 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Mashkovich
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirill A Grishunin
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roman M Dubrovin
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Anatoly K Zvezdin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russia
| | - Roman V Pisarev
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kimel
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Duchi M, Shukla S, Shalit A, Hamm P. 2D-Raman-THz spectroscopy with single-shot THz detection. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:174201. [PMID: 34742181 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a 2D-Raman-terahertz (THz) setup with multichannel (single-shot) THz detection, utilizing two crossed echelons, in order to reduce the acquisition time of typical 2D-Raman-THz experiments from days to a few hours. This speed-up is obtained in combination with a high repetition rate (100 kHz) Yb-based femtosecond laser system and a correspondingly fast array detector. The wavelength of the Yb-laser (1030 nm) is advantageous, since it assures almost perfect phase matching in GaP for THz generation and detection and since the dispersion in the transmissive echelons is minimal. 2D-Raman-THz test measurements on liquid bromoform (CHBr3) are reported. An enhancement of a factor ∼5.8 in signal-to-noise ratio is obtained for single-shot detection when compared to conventional step-scanning measurements in the THz time domain, corresponding to a speed-up of acquisition time of ∼34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Duchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Saurabh Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrey Shalit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Liu X, Wang H, Cao H, Yuan H, Huang P, Wang Y, Zhao W, Fu Y. Dispersed pulses created by aperiodic binary spectral phase jump and applications for pulse shaping. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:12319-12329. [PMID: 33984994 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by pulse-pair generation with periodic phase jump, the generation of dispersed pulses with aperiodic binary spectral phase jump (ABSPJ) is proposed and theoretically investigated. It is presented by the numerical simulations that two dispersed pulses can be generated by ABSPJ of π. The dispersion of one pulse is opposite to the other and can be tuned freely with engineering of the phase jump. The generated dispersed pulse-pair is potentially of great interest for various applications, such as two-dimensional spectroscopy, double pulses laser-wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and chirp management in dual-chirped optical parametric amplification (DC-OPA) system to generate TW single-cycle mid-infrared (MIR) pulses. Furthermore, a pulse shaper configured as a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) located at the Fourier plane of a 4-f dispersion-free compressor is suggested and the implementation in a high repetition optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) system with picosecond pump has been numerically studied. The simulations showed that MEMS of 900 pixels is enough to pre-compensate TOD of 200000 fs3 for a pulse of 20 fs. Because pixel with only two piston-levels is necessary for such MEMS, the pulse shaper is expected to be compact and reliable.
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Reimann K, Woerner M, Elsaesser T. Two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy of condensed-phase molecular systems. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:120901. [PMID: 33810677 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear terahertz (THz) spectroscopy relies on the interaction of matter with few-cycle THz pulses of electric field amplitudes up to megavolts/centimeter (MV/cm). In condensed-phase molecular systems, both resonant interactions with elementary excitations at low frequencies such as intra- and intermolecular vibrations and nonresonant field-driven processes are relevant. Two-dimensional THz (2D-THz) spectroscopy is a key method for following nonequilibrium processes and dynamics of excitations to decipher the underlying interactions and molecular couplings. This article addresses the state of the art in 2D-THz spectroscopy by discussing the main concepts and illustrating them with recent results. The latter include the response of vibrational excitations in molecular crystals up to the nonperturbative regime of light-matter interaction and field-driven ionization processes and electron transport in liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Reimann
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Woerner
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Ciardi G, Berger A, Hamm P, Shalit A. Signatures of Intra- and Intermolecular Vibrational Coupling in Halogenated Liquids Revealed by Two-Dimensional Raman-Terahertz Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4463-4468. [PMID: 31318212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid two-dimensional (2D) Raman-terahertz spectroscopy with the Raman-terahertz-terahertz (RTT) pulse sequence is used to explore the ultrafast intra- and intermolecular degrees of freedom of liquid bromoform (CHBr3) in the frequency range of 1-8 THz. Cross peaks observed in these 2D spectra are assigned to the coupling between the narrow intramolecular modes of the molecules and the much broader intermolecular degrees of freedom of the liquid. This assignment is based on the frequency position of the cross peaks; however, it is shown that these frequency positions can be deduced accurately only when properly taking into account the convolution of the molecular response with the instrument response function of the experimental setup, the latter of which distorts the 2D spectra considerably. The assignment is supported by additional experiments on diiodomethane (CH2I2), which has only one intramolecular mode in the frequency range of the experiment, and hence excludes the possibility of intramolecular couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ciardi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Arian Berger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Andrey Shalit
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
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11
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Iwamoto Y, Tanimura Y. Open quantum dynamics of a three-dimensional rotor calculated using a rotationally invariant system-bath Hamiltonian: Linear and two-dimensional rotational spectra. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:044105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5108609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tanimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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12
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Abstract
Organic crystals with second-order optical nonlinearity feature very high and ultra-fast optical nonlinearities and are therefore attractive for various photonics applications. During the last decade, they have been found particularly attractive for terahertz (THz) photonics. This is mainly due to the very intense and ultra-broadband THz-wave generation possible with these crystals. We review recent progress and challenges in the development of organic crystalline materials for THz-wave generation and detection applications. We discuss their structure, intrinsic properties, and advantages compared to inorganic alternatives. The characteristic properties of the most widely employed organic crystals at present, such as DAST, DSTMS, OH1, HMQ-TMS, and BNA are analyzed and compared. We summarize the most important principles for THz-wave generation and detection, as well as organic THz-system configurations based on either difference-frequency generation or optical rectification. In addition, we give state-of-the-art examples of very intense and ultra-broadband THz systems that rely on organic crystals. Finally, we present some recent breakthrough demonstrations in nonlinear THz photonics enabled by very intense organic crystalline THz sources, as well as examples of THz spectroscopy and THz imaging using organic crystals as THz sources for various scientific and technological applications.
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Hoberg C, Balzerowski P, Havenith M. Integration of a rapid scanning technique into THz time-domain spectrometers for nonlinear THz spectroscopy measurements. AIP ADVANCES 2019; 9:035348. [PMID: 31249728 PMCID: PMC6594716 DOI: 10.1063/1.5080653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have implemented a rapid scanning technique into THz time-domain spectrometers using an oscillating frictionless delay line, especially adapted for nonlinear THz experiments. Thereby we were able to increase the dynamic range of THz measurements in the frequency range from 40 to 200 cm-1 by up to 24 dB and reduce the scanning time by up to a factor of 200. We report here test measurements on TDS-setups at repetition rates of 80 MHz and 5 kHz. The dynamic range exceeds 64 dB, which allows to record even small changes in the THz absorption upon optical excitation by a THz probe, covering the frequency range of the intermolecular modes and the phonon bands. We demonstrate the potential of this technique for optical-pump THz-probe experiments using a 70 μm thick high-resistivity silicon, excited by 400 nm, ∼50 fs pulses as a sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Hoberg
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - P. Balzerowski
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M. Havenith
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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