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Zhao S, Zhang J. Microplastics in soils during the COVID-19 pandemic: Sources, migration and transformations, and remediation technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163700. [PMID: 37105487 PMCID: PMC10125914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a notable upsurge of 5-10 % in global plastic production, which could have potential implications on the soil quality through increased microplastics (MPs) content. The elevated levels of MPs in the soil poses a significant threat to both the environment and human health, hence necessitating the remediation of MPs in the environment. Despite the significant attention given to MPs remediation in aqueous environments, less consideration has been given to MPs remediation in the soil. Consequently, this review highlights the major sources of MPs in the soil, their migration and transformation behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, and emphasizes the importance of utilizing remediation technologies such as phytoremediation, thermal treatment, microbial degradation, and photodegradation for MPs in the soil. Furthermore, this review provides a prospective outlook on potential future remediation methods for MPs in the soil. Although the COVID-19 pandemic is nearing its end, the long-term impact of MPs on the soil remains, making this review a valuable reference for the remediation of MPs in the post-pandemic soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
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2
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Gagliano E, Biondi D, Roccaro P. Wastewater-based epidemiology approach: The learning lessons from COVID-19 pandemic and the development of novel guidelines for future pandemics. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137361. [PMID: 36427570 PMCID: PMC9678975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) provides a comprehensive real-time framework of population attitude and health status. This approach is attracting the interest of medical community and health authorities to monitor the prevalence of a virus (such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) among a community. Indeed, WBE is currently fine-tuning as environmental surveillance tool for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. After a bibliometric analysis conducted to discover the research trends in WBE field, this work aimed to side-by-side compare the conventional method based on clinical testing with WBE approach. Furthermore, novel guidelines were developed to apply the WBE approach to a pandemic. The growing interest on WBE approach for COVID-19 pandemic is demonstrated by looking at the sharp increase in scientific papers published in the last years and at the ongoing studies on viral quantification methods and analytical procedures. The side-by-side comparison highlighted the ability of WBE to identify the hot-spot areas faster than the conventional approach, reducing the costs (e.g., rational use of available resources) and the gatherings at medical centers. Contrary to clinical testing, WBE has the surveillance capacity for preventing the virus resurgence, including asymptomatic contribution, and ensuring the preservation of medical staff health by avoiding the exposure to the virus infection during clinical testing. As extensively reported, the time in collecting epidemiological data is crucial for establishing the prevention and mitigation measures that are essential for curbing a pandemic. The developed guidelines can help to build a WBE system useful to control any future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gagliano
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Deborah Biondi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Roccaro
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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3
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Hyllestad S, Myrmel M, Lomba JAB, Jordhøy F, Schipper SK, Amato E. Effectiveness of environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 as an early warning system during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:1223-1242. [PMID: 36044191 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since infected persons shed SARS-CoV-2 in faeces before symptoms appear, environmental surveillance (ES) may serve as an early warning system (EWS) for COVID-19 and new variants of concern. The ES of SARS-CoV-2 has been widely reviewed; however, its effectiveness as an EWS for SARS-CoV-2 in terms of timeliness, sensitivity and specificity has not been systematically assessed. We conducted a systematic review to identify and synthesise evidence on the ES of SARS-CoV-2 as an EWS to evaluate the added value for public health. Of 1,014 studies identified, we considered 29 for a qualitative synthesis of the timeliness of ES as an EWS for COVID-19, while six studies were assessed for the ability to detect new variants and two for both aims. The synthesis indicates ES may serve as an EWS of 1-2 weeks. ES could complement clinical surveillance for SARS-CoV-2; however, its cost-benefit value for public health decisions needs to be assessed based on the stage of the pandemic and resources available. Studies focusing methodological knowledge gaps as well as how to use and interpret ES signals for public health actions are needed, as is the sharing of knowledge within countries/areas with long experience of such surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hyllestad
- Department for Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway E-mail:
| | - Mette Myrmel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Virology Unit, Norwegian University of Life Science (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Jose Antonio Baz Lomba
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Jordhøy
- Department for Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway E-mail:
| | - Svanhild Kjørsvik Schipper
- Department for Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway E-mail:
| | - Ettore Amato
- Department for Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway E-mail:
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Mosaed R, Fasihi H, Norouzi A, Anjomanian V, Ardalan MA, Alazmani Noodeh F, Khoshdel AR. Influenza Vaccine and COVID-19 Pandemic: Could This Vaccine Help Limit the Potential Adverse Consequences of SARS-CoV-2? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e127032. [PMID: 36710988 PMCID: PMC9872545 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-127032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted researchers to find treatments and vaccines to control SARS-CoV-2. There are some hypotheses about the benefit of respiratory virus vaccines, like MMR, for COVID-19 pneumonia severity, morbidity, and mortality. The influenza vaccine is one of the most frequently used respiratory virus vaccines covered by one of the Iranian insurance institutes. We have a symmetrical group of participants that have received this vaccine that could be compared with each other. We compared 3,379 persons aged 20 - 75 years for the effect of the influenza vaccine on COVID-19 mortality. We ultimately found that it does not affect mortality caused by COVID-19 pneumonia, but it can decrease the hospitalization cost in people over 65 years with a history of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mosaed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Fasihi
- Biomaterial and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Norouzi
- Iran Armed Forces Health Insurance Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Afshar Ardalan
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Alazmani Noodeh
- Critical Care Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Khoshdel
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Khan AH, Abutaleb A, Khan NA, El Din Mahmoud A, Khursheed A, Kumar M. Co-occurring indicator pathogens for SARS-CoV-2: A review with emphasis on exposure rates and treatment technologies. CASE STUDIES IN CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 4:100113. [PMID: 38620839 PMCID: PMC8233050 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Scientific advancements from 2002 to 2020 for coronaviruses, i.e., SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks, could lead towards a better understanding of the exposure to a health crisis. However, data on its transmission routes and persistence in the environment is still in need of the hour. In this review, we discuss the impact of environmental matrices on dealing with the consequences of the global COVID-19 outbreak. We have compiled the most recent data on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the diseases. The review aims to help researchers and the larger public recognize and deal with the consequences of co-occurring viral indicators for COVID-19 and provide nano-technological perspectives of possible diagnostic and treatment tools for further studies. The review highlights environmental wastes such as hospital wastewater effluents, pathogen-laden waste, pathogen-laden ground/surface water, wastewater sludge residues and discusses their potential remediation technologies, i.e., pathogen-contaminated soil disposal, municipal and medical solid waste collection, recycling, and final disposal. Finally, holistic suggestions to tackle environmental-related issues by the scientific community have been provided, where scientists, consultants may involve in a tiered assessment from the hazard to risk management in the post-COVID-19 world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Husain Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, Jazan University, 114 Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abutaleb
- Chemical Engineering Department, Jazan University, 114 Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Alaa El Din Mahmoud
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Anwar Khursheed
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Z. H. College of Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, 382355, India
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Yazdian H, Jamshidi S. Performance evaluation of wastewater treatment plants under the sewage variations imposed by COVID-19 spread prevention actions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:1613-1621. [PMID: 34540236 PMCID: PMC8436196 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread prevention actions (SPAs) have affected a large number of human activities globally in 2020-2021. Temporary lockdowns, stay-at-home policies, movement restrictions, and personal health care actions have relatively changed the daily life routine in urban areas which can eventually affect the characteristics of municipal wastewater (MW). This study evaluates the performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) during COVID-19 pandemic and related SPAs. This evaluation also considers MW variations in quality and quantity and compares the performance of WWTPs (2020) with earlier data (2015-2019). For this purpose, 23 WWTPs located in Isfahan province, Iran, were chosen as the study area and classified based on their locations, biological treatment unit, and capacities. Results indicate that the inflow of WWTPs increased 20 % on average during SPAs, while the concentrations of COD and BOD in MW decreased 23 and 16 %, respectively. Nevertheless, the performance of WWTPs remained rather constant. It is concluded that increasing the dilute domestic proportion of MW, particularly in smaller communities, as a matter of COVID-19 SPAs could not impose adverse impacts on wastewater treatment operations and pollution removal. Different types of secondary treatment units, such as activated sludge, stabilization pond, and aerated lagoon showed stable performances. However, disinfection was enhanced in WWTPs in order to reduce the probability of viral transmission via wastewater for reuse. This study also recommends that the characteristics of MW, and not treated wastewater, can be used as an indicator for coordinating SPAs in similar epidemics. This notification can be helpful for the management of WWTPs and risk control in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Yazdian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shervin Jamshidi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Revilla Pacheco C, Terán Hilares R, Colina Andrade G, Mogrovejo-Valdivia A, Pacheco Tanaka DA. Emerging contaminants, SARS-COV-2 and wastewater treatment plants, new challenges to confront: A short review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 15:100731. [PMID: 34124614 PMCID: PMC8183098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has put public health at risk, being wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) a potential tool in the detection, prevention, and treatment of present and possible future outbreaks, since this virus enters wastewater through various sources such as feces, vomit, and sputum. Thus, advanced technologies such as advanced oxidation processes (AOP), membrane technology (MT) are identified through a systematic literature review as an alternative option for the destruction and removal of emerging contaminants (drugs and personal care products) released mainly by infected patients. The objectives of this review are to know the implications that the new COVID-19 outbreak is generating and will generate in water compartments, as well as the new challenges faced by wastewater treatment plants due to the change in a load of contaminants and the solutions proposed based on the aforementioned technologies to be applied to preserve public health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Revilla Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Ruly Terán Hilares
- Laboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Gilberto Colina Andrade
- Laboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Alejandra Mogrovejo-Valdivia
- Laboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Peru
| | - David Alfredo Pacheco Tanaka
- Laboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Peru
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