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Burbano Lombana DA, Zino L, Butail S, Caroppo E, Jiang ZP, Rizzo A, Porfiri M. Activity-driven network modeling and control of the spread of two concurrent epidemic strains. APPLIED NETWORK SCIENCE 2022; 7:66. [PMID: 36186912 PMCID: PMC9514203 DOI: 10.1007/s41109-022-00507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The emergency generated by the current COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives worldwide. There have been multiple waves across the globe that emerged as a result of new variants, due to arising from unavoidable mutations. The existing network toolbox to study epidemic spreading cannot be readily adapted to the study of multiple, coexisting strains. In this context, particularly lacking are models that could elucidate re-infection with the same strain or a different strain-phenomena that we are seeing experiencing more and more with COVID-19. Here, we establish a novel mathematical model to study the simultaneous spreading of two strains over a class of temporal networks. We build on the classical susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed model, by incorporating additional states that account for infections and re-infections with multiple strains. The temporal network is based on the activity-driven network paradigm, which has emerged as a model of choice to study dynamic processes that unfold at a time scale comparable to the network evolution. We draw analytical insight from the dynamics of the stochastic network systems through a mean-field approach, which allows for characterizing the onset of different behavioral phenotypes (non-epidemic, epidemic, and endemic). To demonstrate the practical use of the model, we examine an intermittent stay-at-home containment strategy, in which a fraction of the population is randomly required to isolate for a fixed period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alberto Burbano Lombana
- Center for Urban Science and Progress, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 370 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Lorenzo Zino
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sachit Butail
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Emanuele Caroppo
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Unit Roma 2, 00159 Rome, Italy
- University Research Center He.R.A., Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Zhong-Ping Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 370 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Institute for Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA
| | - Maurizio Porfiri
- Center for Urban Science and Progress, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 370 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA
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Hua L, Yang Z, Shao J. Impact of network density on the efficiency of innovation networks: An agent-based simulation study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270087. [PMID: 35714137 PMCID: PMC9205519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Network density is an important attribute that affects the efficiency of innovation networks. However, the understanding of how network density affects the innovation efficiency of innovation networks is still unclear and even controversial. This paper uses a multiagent simulation method to study this problem. First, an innovation simulation model is established to describe the generation process of innovations in the context of network innovation, and a classical random network model is used to generate a test set of structures with different network densities. Then, the innovation model is run on the test set of networks to obtain the innovation efficiency of the structures with different network densities. The result shows that for explorative innovation, high network density is more conducive to improving innovation efficiency, and for exploitative innovation, low network density is more conducive to improving innovation efficiency. However, when network density is small enough to destroy network connectivity, it will lead to a large risk of innovation failure. Finally, the reasons for the results are further analyzed, and the theoretical and practical significance of the conclusions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hua
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhong Yang
- School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiyou Shao
- School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Modeling the Dynamics of Infectious Diseases. Artif Intell Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64573-1_317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wamai RG, Hirsch JL, Van Damme W, Alnwick D, Bailey RC, Hodgins S, Alam U, Anyona M. What Could Explain the Lower COVID-19 Burden in Africa despite Considerable Circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8638. [PMID: 34444386 PMCID: PMC8391172 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The differential spread and impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), across regions is a major focus for researchers and policy makers. Africa has attracted tremendous attention, due to predictions of catastrophic impacts that have not yet materialized. Early in the pandemic, the seemingly low African case count was largely attributed to low testing and case reporting. However, there is reason to consider that many African countries attenuated the spread and impacts early on. Factors explaining low spread include early government community-wide actions, population distribution, social contacts, and ecology of human habitation. While recent data from seroprevalence studies posit more extensive circulation of the virus, continuing low COVID-19 burden may be explained by the demographic pyramid, prevalence of pre-existing conditions, trained immunity, genetics, and broader sociocultural dynamics. Though all these prongs contribute to the observed profile of COVID-19 in Africa, some provide stronger evidence than others. This review is important to expand what is known about the differential impacts of pandemics, enhancing scientific understanding and gearing appropriate public health responses. Furthermore, it highlights potential lessons to draw from Africa for global health on assumptions regarding deadly viral pandemics, given its long experience with infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. Wamai
- Department of Cultures, Societies, and Global Studies, Northeastern University, 201 Renaissance Park, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Jason L. Hirsch
- Department of Cultures, Societies, and Global Studies, Northeastern University, 201 Renaissance Park, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Wim Van Damme
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - David Alnwick
- DUNDEX (Deployable U.N.-Experienced Development Experts), FX68 Belturbet, Ireland;
| | - Robert C. Bailey
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Stephen Hodgins
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
| | - Uzma Alam
- Researcher Africa Institute for Health Policy Foundation, Nairobi 020, Kenya;
| | - Mamka Anyona
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Modeling the Dynamics of Infectious Diseases. Artif Intell Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58080-3_317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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