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Mei Q, Li W, Feng H, Zhang J, Li J, Yin J, Lukacs-Kornek V, Kurts C, Dai S, Zhao X, Ai Q, Yu C, Xu F, Xi X, Liu F, Song D, Wang Y, Zhong L, Ashford JW, Ashford C, Liu X, Wang H. Chinese hospital staff in anxiety and depression: Not only comfort patients but also should be comforted - A nationwide cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2024; 360:126-136. [PMID: 38815757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals are in short supply worldwide, especially in China, which can result in increased stress in the work environment and allostatic load for Chinese hospital staff. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their relationship with total stress, allostatic overload, sleep quality, and episodic memory among Chinese hospital staff. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, self-assessments including Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), PsychoSocial Index (PSI), Pittsburgh Sleeping Quality Index (PSQI), and MemTrax test were used to evaluate participants' anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, total stress, allostatic load/overload, sleep quality, and episodic memory. RESULTS A total of 9433 hospital staff from 304 cities participated. Anxiety prevalence was 21.0 % (95 % confidential interval (CI) 20.2 %, 21.8 %), while the prevalence of depressive symptoms was at 21.4 % (95 % CI 20.5 %, 22.2 %). 79.8 % (95 % CI 79.0 %, 80.6 %) of the hospital staff had allostatic overload. Poor sleep quality affected 50.4 % of participants, and 32.1 % experienced poor episodic memory. LIMITATIONS This study utilized a convenience sampling approach, relying on an online survey as its data collection method. CONCLUSIONS Hospital staff in China are facing a stressful environment with a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, significant allostatic overload, poor sleep quality, and compromised episodic memory. It is imperative that local management and community structures enhance their support and care for these essential workers, enabling them to manage and withstand the stresses of their professional roles effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Mei
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanling Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijing Feng
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Junping Yin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Veronika Lukacs-Kornek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shujuan Dai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Qinglong Ai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Anning First People's Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - DaoYuan Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Lianmei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - John Wesson Ashford
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto HCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, China; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Olivero A, Cuniberti F, Leombruni P. Well-Being Therapy for Fibromyalgia: A Case Report. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:352-357. [PMID: 38810099 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by chronic widespread pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances, significantly impairing quality of life and psychological well-being. Well-being therapy (WBT) is a brief psychotherapeutic intervention aimed at increasing well-being and optimizing functioning, which has proven effective in treating various conditions involving pain and psychological or psychiatric symptoms. We describe a case study of a 22-year-old university student experiencing FMS, highlighting the far-reaching effects of the condition on her quality of life. After eight sessions of WBT, there was a marked improvement in subjective well-being and euthymia, as well as a decrease in pain perception, improved ability to manage stress, reduced allostatic overload despite the presence of stressors, improved social relationships, and increased self-efficacy. The positive effects of WBT continued at 3-month follow-up, suggesting that WBT may represent a short-term effective intervention for patients with FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Olivero
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Fava GA. Clinical Use of Staging in Psychiatry. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2024; 93:143-150. [PMID: 38636469 DOI: 10.1159/000538526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Fares-Otero NE, O J, Spies G, Womersley JS, Gonzalez C, Ayas G, Mossie TB, Carranza-Neira J, Estrada-Lorenzo JM, Vieta E, Schalinski I, Schnyder U, Seedat S. Child maltreatment and resilience in adulthood: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2282826. [PMID: 38010898 PMCID: PMC10993816 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2282826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although child maltreatment (CM) has been linked to health problems and poor psychosocial functioning, not all individuals exposed to CM develop or experience negative consequences later in life. This suggests that some individuals show resilience after being exposed to CM. However, conclusions have been limited by inconsistent findings across different CM subtypes and resilience domains.Objective: To develop a protocol for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify associations between CM (overall and its subtypes) and resilience (global and its multiple domains) in adulthood, and to examine moderators and mediators of these associations.Method: PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science will be searched to identify relevant studies on the association between CM (exposure) and resilience (outcome) in adults (≥ 18 years). Data will be screened and extracted by at least two independent reviewers. The methodological quality of the included studies will be independently assessed with a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). If deemed viable, a meta-analysis will be conducted using a random effects model. Heterogeneity of evidence will be estimated with the I2 statistic, and publication bias will be assessed. The effects of potential moderators (e.g. timing and severity of CM, age, sex, family cohesion, socio-economic status, country/region) will be analysed using meta-regression and subgroup analyses, and meta-analytical structural equation modelling will be employed to synthesise indirect mediation effects. Candidate moderators and mediators (e.g. genetic factors, brain functioning, attachment style, personality traits, physical activity, and social support) will be also examined qualitatively.Conclusions: This protocol will facilitate a systematic review and meta-analysis that has the potential to enhance our knowledge about the association between CM exposure in early life and resilience in adulthood. Understanding associations and underlying mechanisms between CM and resilience is potentially important in informing prevention and interventions to sustain health and improve outcomes among adults with a history of CM.PROSPERO registration: CRD42023394120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E. Fares-Otero
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiaqing O
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | - Georgina Spies
- South African PTSD Research Programme of Excellence, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline S. Womersley
- South African PTSD Research Programme of Excellence, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
| | - Görkem Ayas
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tilahun Belete Mossie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Julia Carranza-Neira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inga Schalinski
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Department of Human Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Soraya Seedat
- South African PTSD Research Programme of Excellence, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Lomas T, VanderWeele TJ. The Mental Illness-Health Matrix and the Mental State Space Matrix: Complementary meta-conceptual frameworks for evaluating psychological states. J Clin Psychol 2023. [PMID: 36916858 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is increasingly appreciated that mental health may not just involve a relative absence of mental illness, but the active presence of positive psychological desiderata. However, research attention on mental illness and health has tended to remain siloed and disconnected-proceeding along parallel tracks-with their potential relationship underexplored and undertheorized. As such, we sought to develop theoretical models to help us better understand the interaction of these two domains of experience. METHODS Through extensive engagement with relevant literature, we created two complementary meta-conceptual frameworks to represent and evaluate states of mental illness and health. RESULTS The Mental Illness-Health Matrix allows different forms of mental illness and health to be situated and assessed within a common framework. The Mental State Space Matrix further enables these various forms to be conceptualized and appraised in terms of numerous common parameters (e.g., valence and arousal). CONCLUSION It is hoped that these frameworks will stimulate and support further research on the inter-relational dynamics of illness and health. Indeed, the matrices themselves are provisional works-in-progress, with their articulation here intended as a foundation for their further development as understanding of these topics evolves and improves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lomas
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tyler J VanderWeele
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Guidi J, Fava GA. The Clinical Science of Euthymia: A Conceptual Map. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2022; 91:156-167. [PMID: 35421862 DOI: 10.1159/000524279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Euthymia is a trans-diagnostic construct characterized by lack of mood disturbances; presence of positive affect; balance of psychological well-being dimensions, flexibility, consistency, and resistance to stress. The aim of this critical review is to draw a conceptual map of euthymia. Relationships with other constructs, continuum between euthymia and dysthymia with discomfort as an intermediate area, associations with lifestyle, clinimetric assessment, role of psychotherapeutic interventions, establishment of therapeutic targets, and neurobiological mechanisms are discussed. The model is based on the bipolar nature of well-being dimensions. Euthymia means using allostasis optimally and maintaining a healthy balance that promotes positive aspects of brain and body health through health-promoting behaviors. It may provide a framework for a renewed definition of recovery, for measuring treatment outcome and for targeting interventions, including the sequential administration of therapeutic components. Clinical assessment requires a clinimetric approach encompassing a broad range of aspects, such as allostatic load and lifestyle behaviors, all interacting with each other and contributing to the euthymia/dysthymia balance. Clinimetric indices for assessing euthymia (the Clinical Interview for Euthymia and the Euthymia Scale) and related constructs (the Clinical Interview for Dysthymia and the Semi-Structured Interview for the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research) are presented here. Well-Being Therapy, a psychotherapeutic strategy specifically aimed at pursuing euthymia, relies on self-observation of well-being episodes using a structured diary as a distinct therapeutic ingredient. The clinical science of euthymia may unravel innovative approaches to assessment and treatment of psychiatric and medical disorders, according to a unitary conceptual framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Guidi
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni A Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Li J, Xue L, Pan H. Social Support and Spiritual Well-Being of Patients With Esophageal Cancer Aged Over 50 Years: The Mediating Role of Rumination. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:805380. [PMID: 35308890 PMCID: PMC8931259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.805380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spiritual well-being plays an important role in helping patients cope with disease. Previous studies have investigated the association between social support and spiritual well-being, whereas few studies have explored the relationship in patients with esophageal cancer (EC), and the mechanisms behind this pathway have not been thoroughly examined. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship between social support and spiritual well-being of Chinese patients with EC aged over 50 years and to analyze whether the relationship was mediated by rumination. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 197 EC patients. Participants completed the general information questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Scale, the Chinese Event Related Rumination Inventory, and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). RESULTS Results demonstrated that social support of patients with EC aged over 50 years was positively correlated with spiritual well-being and deliberate rumination and negatively correlated with intrusive rumination; spiritual well-being was positively associated with deliberate rumination and negatively correlated with intrusive rumination. The effect of social support on spiritual well-being was partially mediated by deliberate rumination and intrusive rumination. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that interventions directed toward enhancing social support and deliberate rumination and reducing the level of intrusive rumination may help patients with EC aged over 50 years improve spiritual well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Li
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Pan
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Are the Same Medications that Are Used in the Acute Treatment of Depression the Most Suitable for Preventing Relapse? J Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 41:617-619. [PMID: 34411008 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Merlo EM, Stoian AP, Motofei IG, Settineri S. The Role of Suppression and the Maintenance of Euthymia in Clinical Settings. Front Psychol 2021; 12:677811. [PMID: 34093372 PMCID: PMC8173068 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.677811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Defense mechanisms serve as mediators referred to the subjects' attempt to manage stressors capable of threatening their integrity. Mature defense mechanisms represent the high adaptive group, including suppression, which allows the subject to distance disturbing contents from consciousness. In line with general defensive intents, suppression would preserve stable mood states, as in the case of euthymia. Clinical issues usually disturb homeorhesis, so that the study of subjects' suppressive tendencies would suggest possible existing relations among defense mechanisms, mood states, and clinical issues. The study highlighted the significant existing relations among factors such as suppression, euthymia, mood states, and clinical psychological phenomena. Methods: The observation group was composed of 150 participants, 51 males (34%) and 99 females (66%), aged from 25 to 30 years old, with a mean age of 26.63 years old (SD = 1.51). The study was conducted through the use of measures related to subjects' characteristics, euthymia, psychological flexibility and psychological well-being (Euthymia Scale), suppression (Suppression Mental Questionnaire), well-being (Who-5), and compassion (ProQol-5). Results: The performed analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, correlations, differences, and regressions among the considered variables. Starting from the first hypothesis, SMQ factors appeared to be significantly and positively correlated with Euthymia factors, rather than Regression in the Ego service (-). In line with the previous result, significant and positive correlations emerged among SMQ and Well-being (WHO-5) variables, maintaining an inverse relation with Regression in the Ego service. Significant differences emerged between male and female groups concerning SMQ total score and rationalization, with higher male group scores. Finally, significant dependencies emerged among the selected predictors (SMQ variables) and Compassion satisfaction. Conclusion: The emerged results highlighted significant relations among the considered variables so that it was possible to highlight the common directions assumed by suppression variables, well-being, and euthymia. Moreover, suppression appeared as a significant predictor with a causal role in clinical satisfaction. The results that have emerged allow us to consider defenses through an empirical perspective, useful to suggest an extension to other groups, phenomena, and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Maria Merlo
- Department of Adult and Childhood Human Pathology “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases “N. C. Paulescu,”Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ion G. Motofei
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Salvatore Settineri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Abstract
The early development of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) can be characterized by the coming together of behavioral and cognitive traditions. However, the past decades have arguably seen more divergences than convergences within the field. The 9th World Congress of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies was held in Berlin in July 2019 with the congress theme "CBT at the Crossroads." This title reflected in part the coming together of people from all over the world, but also the fact that recent developments raise important questions about the future of CBT, including whether we can in fact treat it as a unified field. In this paper, we briefly trace the history of CBT, then introduce a special issue featuring a series of articles exploring different aspects of the past, present, and future of CBT. Finally, we reflect on the possible routes ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E. Blackwell
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
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