1
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Dato M, Hafiz H, Liu Z, Hung C, Lopez J, Guo J, Amine K, He M, Su CC. Nonsolvating Fluoroaromatic Cosolvent Enabled Long-Term Cycling of High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries with Organosulfur Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:42069-42079. [PMID: 39102444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationships of nonsolvating cosolvents for organosulfur-based electrolyte systems were revealed. The performance of nonsolvating dilutant fluorobenzene (FB) was compared to various fluorinated ether dilutants in high-voltage electrolytes containing a concentration of 1.2 M LiPF6 dissolved in fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ethyl methyl sulfone (EMS), and the dilutant. In a high-voltage and high-loading LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) full cell configuration, the organosulfur-based electrolyte containing FB dilutant enabled superior electrochemical performance compared to the electrolytes using other nonsolvating fluorinated ether formulations. Moreover, the FB-containing electrolyte exhibited the highest ionic conductivity and lowest viscosity among all organosulfur-based electrolytes containing nonsolvating dilutant. These improvements are attributed to the enhanced physical properties of electrolyte and lithium-ion mobility. Furthermore, by employing first-principles simulations, the observed suppression of side reactions at high voltage is linked to FB's lower reactivity toward singlet dioxygen, which is likely produced at the NMC interface. Overall, FB is considered an excellent diluent that does not impede cell operation by mass decomposition at the cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dato
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hasnain Hafiz
- General Motors Global Research and Development Center, Warren, Michigan 48090, United States
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chengi Hung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Juchen Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Meinan He
- General Motors Global Research and Development Center, Warren, Michigan 48090, United States
| | - Chi-Cheung Su
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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2
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Bonometti L, Daga LE, Rocca R, Marana NL, Casassa S, D’Amore M, Laasonen K, Petit M, Silveri F, Sgroi MF, Ferrari AM, Maschio L. Path ahead: Tackling the Challenge of Computationally Estimating Lithium Diffusion in Cathode Materials. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:11979-11988. [PMID: 39081560 PMCID: PMC11285369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
In the roadmap toward designing new and improved materials for Lithium ion batteries, the ability to estimate the diffusion coefficient of Li atoms in electrodes, and eventually solid-state electrolytes, is key. Nevertheless, as of today, accurate prediction through computational tools remains challenging. Its experimental measurement does not appear to be much easier. In this work, we devise a computational protocol for the determination of the Li-migration energy barrier and diffusion coefficient, focusing on a common cathode material such as LiNiO2, which represents a prototype of the widely adopted NMC (LiNi1-x-y Mn x Co y O2) class of materials. Different methodologies are exploited, combining ab initio metadynamics, path sampling, and density functional theory. Furthermore, we propose a novel, fast, and simple 1D approximation for the estimation of the effective frequency. The outlined computational protocol aims to be generally applicable to Lithium diffusion in other materials and components for batteries, including anodes and solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bonometti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica and NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria
5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Loredana E. Daga
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rocca
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
- FIAT
Research Center (CRF), Strada Torino 50, Orbassano, Torino 10043, Italy
| | - Naiara L. Marana
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Silvia Casassa
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Maddalena D’Amore
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Martin Petit
- IFP
Energies Nouvelles, Rond-point
de l’échangeur de Solaize—BP3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Fabrizio Silveri
- Gemmate
Technologies SRL, Via
Reano 31, Buttigliera Alta 10090, Italy
| | - Mauro F. Sgroi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica and NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria
5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Anna M. Ferrari
- Dipartimento
di Chimica and NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria
5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maschio
- Dipartimento
di Chimica and NIS Centre, Università
di Torino, Via P. Giuria
5, Torino 10125, Italy
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3
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Hirsbrunner M, Mikheenkova A, Törnblom P, House RA, Zhang W, Asmara TC, Wei Y, Schmitt T, Rensmo H, Mukherjee S, Hahlin M, Duda LC. Vibrationally-resolved RIXS reveals OH-group formation in oxygen redox active Li-ion battery cathodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19460-19468. [PMID: 38973766 PMCID: PMC11253246 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01766h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Vibrationally-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (VR-RIXS) at the O K-edge is emerging as a powerful tool for identifying embedded molecules in lithium-ion battery cathodes. Here, we investigate two known oxygen redox-active cathode materials: the commercial LixNi0.90Co0.05Al0.05O2 (NCA) used in electric vehicles and the high-capacity cathode material Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 (LRNMC) for next-generation Li-ion batteries. We report the detection of a novel vibrational RIXS signature for Li-ion battery cathodes appearing in the O K pre-peak above 533 eV that we attribute to OH-groups. We discuss likely locations and pathways for OH-group formation and accumulation throughout the active cathode material. Initial-cycle behaviour for LRNMC shows that OH-signal strength correlates with the cathodes state of charge, though reversibility is incomplete. The OH-group RIXS signal strength in long-term cycled NCA is retained. Thus, VR-RIXS offers a path for gaining new insights to oxygen reactions in battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hirsbrunner
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anastasiia Mikheenkova
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pontus Törnblom
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Robert A House
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Swiss Light Source, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Teguh C Asmara
- Swiss Light Source, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Yuan Wei
- Swiss Light Source, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Schmitt
- Swiss Light Source, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Soham Mukherjee
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Hahlin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laurent C Duda
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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4
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Ahangari M, Xia F, Szalai B, Zhou M, Luo H. Advancing Lithium-Ion Batteries' Electrochemical Performance: Ultrathin Alumina Coating on Li(Ni 0.8Co 0.1Mn 0.1)O 2 Cathode Materials. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:894. [PMID: 39064405 PMCID: PMC11278549 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Ni-rich Li(NixCoyMnz)O2 (x ≥ 0.8)-layered oxide materials are highly promising as cathode materials for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles. However, their tendency to undergo side reactions with electrolytes and their structural instability during cyclic lithiation/delithiation impairs their electrochemical cycling performance, posing challenges for large-scale applications. This paper explores the application of an Al2O3 coating using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) system on Ni-enriched Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 (NCM811) cathode material. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, were used to assess the impact of alumina coating on the morphology and crystal structure of NCM811. The results confirmed that an ultrathin Al2O3 coating was achieved without altering the microstructure and lattice structure of NCM811. The alumina-coated NCM811 exhibited improved cycling stability and capacity retention in the voltage range of 2.8-4.5 V at a 1 C rate. Specifically, the capacity retention of the modified NCM811 was 5%, 9.11%, and 11.28% higher than the pristine material at operating voltages of 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5 V, respectively. This enhanced performance is attributed to reduced electrode-electrolyte interaction, leading to fewer side reactions and improved structural stability. Thus, NCM811@Al2O3 with this coating process emerges as a highly attractive candidate for high-capacity lithium-ion battery cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; (M.A.); (F.X.); (B.S.)
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; (M.A.); (F.X.); (B.S.)
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5
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Kumar D, Ramesha K. Comprehensive Study of Ti and Ta Co-Doping in Ni-Rich Cathode Material LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2 Towards Improving the Electrochemical Performance. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400064. [PMID: 38575386 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Layered Ni-rich oxides (LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2) cathode materials are of current interest in high-energy-demanding applications, such as electric vehicles because of high discharge capacity and high intercalation potential. Here, the effect of co-doping a small amount of Ti and Ta on the crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of high Ni-rich cathode material LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1-x-yTixTayO2 (0.0≤x+y≤0.2) was systematically investigated. This work demonstrates that an optimum level of Ti and Ta doping is beneficial towards enhancing electrochemical performance. The optimal Ti4+ and Ta5+ co-doped cathode LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.09Ti0.005Ta0.005O2 exhibits a superior initial discharge capacity of 161.1 mAh g-1 at 1 C, and excellent capacity retention of 87.1 % after 250 cycles, compared to the pristine sample that exhibits only 59.8 % capacity retention. Moreover, the lithium-ion diffusion coefficients for the co-doped cathode after the 3rd and 50th cycles are 9.9×10-10 cm2 s-1 and 9.3×10-10 cm2 s-1 respectively, which is higher than that of the pristine cathode (3.3×10-10 cm2 s-1 and 2.5×10-10 cm2 s-1 respectively). Based on these studies, we conclude that Ti and Ta co-doping enhances structural stability by mitigating irreversible phase transformation, improving Li-ion kinetics by expanding interlayer spacing, and nanosizing primary particles, thereby stabilizing high-nickel cathode materials and significantly enhancing cyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Madras Unit, CSIR Madras Complex, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - K Ramesha
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Madras Unit, CSIR Madras Complex, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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6
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Song Z, Li W, Gao Z, Chen Y, Wang D, Chen S. Bio-Inspired Electrodes with Rational Spatiotemporal Management for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400405. [PMID: 38682479 PMCID: PMC11267303 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the predominant energy storage power source. However, the urgent issues of enhancing electrochemical performance, prolonging lifetime, preventing thermal runaway-caused fires, and intelligent application are obstacles to their applications. Herein, bio-inspired electrodes owning spatiotemporal management of self-healing, fast ion transport, fire-extinguishing, thermoresponsive switching, recycling, and flexibility are overviewed comprehensively, showing great promising potentials in practical application due to the significantly enhanced durability and thermal safety of LIBs. Taking advantage of the self-healing core-shell structures, binders, capsules, or liquid metal alloys, these electrodes can maintain the mechanical integrity during the lithiation-delithiation cycling. After the incorporation of fire-extinguishing binders, current collectors, or capsules, flame retardants can be released spatiotemporally during thermal runaway to ensure safety. Thermoresponsive switching electrodes are also constructed though adding thermally responsive components, which can rapidly switch LIB off under abnormal conditions and resume their functions quickly when normal operating conditions return. Finally, the challenges of bio-inspired electrode designs are presented to optimize the spatiotemporal management of LIBs. It is anticipated that the proposed electrodes with spatiotemporal management will not only promote industrial application, but also strengthen the fundamental research of bionics in energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelai Song
- College of Automotive EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022China
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and BionicJilin UniversityChangchun130022China
| | - Weifeng Li
- College of Automotive EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022China
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and BionicJilin UniversityChangchun130022China
| | - Zhenhai Gao
- College of Automotive EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022China
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and BionicJilin UniversityChangchun130022China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Deping Wang
- General Research and Development InstituteChina FAW Corporation LimitedChangchun130013China
| | - Siyan Chen
- College of Automotive EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022China
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and BionicJilin UniversityChangchun130022China
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7
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Xiao Z, Yang Y, Li Y, He X, Shen J, Ye L, Yu F, Zhang B, Ou X. Strong Oxidizing Molten Salts for Strengthening Structural Restoration Enabling Direct Regeneration of Spent Layered Cathode. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309685. [PMID: 38238155 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
As a mainstream technology for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries, direct regeneration is rapidly developed due to its high efficiency and green characteristics. However, efficient reuse of spent LiNixCoyMn1- x - yO2 cathode is still a significant challenge, as the rock salt/spinel phase on the surface hinders the Li replenishment and phase transformation to the layered structure. In this work, the fundamental understanding of the repair mechanism is confirmed that the oxidizing atmosphere is the crucial factor that can greatly improve the rate and degree of phase restoration. Particularly, a ternary-component molten salt system (LiOH-Li2CO3-LiNO3) is proposed for direct regeneration of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523), which can in situ generate the strong oxidizing intermediate of superoxide radicals. Additionally, it shows a liquid-like reaction environment at a lower temperature to acceclerate the transport rate of superoxide-ions. Therefore, the synergistic effect of LiOH-Li2CO3-LiNO3 system can strengthen the full restoration of rock salt/spinel phases and achieve the complete Li-supplement. As anticipated, the regenerated NCM523 delivers a high cycling stability with a retention of 91.7% after 100 cycles, which is even competitive with the commercial NCM523. This strategy provides a facile approach for the complete recovery of layer structure cathode, demonstrating a unique perspective for the direct regeneration of spent lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yizhuo Li
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xinyou He
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jixue Shen
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Fangyong Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xing Ou
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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8
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Guan P, Min J, Zhang S, Lu Y, Liang T, Meng L, Yuan Y, Zhou Y, Chen F, Zhou L, Feng Z, Liu C, Hu Y, Li Z, Wan T, Liu Y, Hart JN, Chu D. Stabilizing High-Voltage Performance of Nickel-Rich Cathodes via Facile Solvothermally Synthesized Niobium-Doped Strontium Titanate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26167-26181. [PMID: 38728216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Ni-rich layered ternary cathodes are promising candidates thanks to their low toxic Co-content and high energy density (∼800 Wh/kg). However, a critical challenge in developing Ni-rich cathodes is to improve cyclic stability, especially under high voltage (>4.3 V), which directly affects the performance and lifespan of the battery. In this study, niobium-doped strontium titanate (Nb-STO) is successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method and used as a surface modification layer onto the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode. The results exhibited that the Nb-STO modification significantly improved the cycling stability of the cathode material even under high-voltage (4.5 V) operational conditions. In particular, the best sample in our work could provide a high discharge capacity of ∼190 mAh/g after 100 cycles under 1 C with capacity retention over 84% in the voltage range of 3.0-4.5 V, superior to the pristine NCM811 (∼61%) and pure STO modified STO-811-600 (∼76%) samples under the same conditions. The improved electrochemical performance and stability of NCM811 under high voltage should be attributed to not only preventing the dissolution of the transition metals, further reducing the electrolyte's degradation by the end of charge, but also alleviating the internal resistance growth from uncontrollable cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) evolution. These findings suggest that the as-synthesized STO with an optimized Nb-doping ratio could be a promising candidate for stabilizing Ni-rich cathode materials to facilitate the widespread commercialization of Ni-rich cathodes in modern LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jie Min
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yile Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Tianyue Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Linghui Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yingze Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Fandi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Ziheng Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yifan Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Tao Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yunjian Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Judy N Hart
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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9
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Lu J, Xu C, Dose W, Dey S, Wang X, Wu Y, Li D, Ci L. Microstructures of layered Ni-rich cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4707-4740. [PMID: 38536022 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00741c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Millions of electric vehicles (EVs) on the road are powered by lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on nickel-rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathodes, and they suffer from a limited driving range and safety concerns. Increasing the Ni content is a key way to boost the energy densities of LIBs and alleviate the EV range anxiety, which are, however, compromised by the rapid performance fading. One unique challenge lies in the worsening of the microstructural stability with a rising Ni-content in the cathode. In this review, we focus on the latest advances in the understanding of NLRO microstructures, particularly the microstructural degradation mechanisms, state-of-the-art stabilization strategies, and advanced characterization methods. We first elaborate on the fundamental mechanisms underlying the microstructural failures of NRLOs, including anisotropic lattice evolution, microcracking, and surface degradation, as a result of which other degradation processes, such as electrolyte decomposition and transition metal dissolution, can be severely aggravated. Afterwards, we discuss representative stabilization strategies, including the surface treatment and construction of radial concentration gradients in polycrystalline secondary particles, the fabrication of rod-shaped primary particles, and the development of single-crystal NRLO cathodes. We then introduce emerging microstructural characterization techniques, especially for identification of the particle orientation, dynamic changes, and elemental distributions in NRLO microstructures. Finally, we provide perspectives on the remaining challenges and opportunities for the development of stable NRLO cathodes for the zero-carbon future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Lu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chao Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wesley Dose
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sunita Dey
- School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Xihao Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yehui Wu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Deping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Lijie Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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10
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Leung K, Zhang M. Hybrid Density Functional Theory Comparison of Oxygen Release and Solvent Decomposition Kinetics on Li xNiO 2 Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4686-4693. [PMID: 38656172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
High-nickel-content layered oxides are among the most promising electric vehicle battery cathode materials. However, their interfacial reactivity with electrolytes and tendency toward oxygen release (possibly yielding reactive 1O2) remain degradation concerns. Elucidating the most relevant (i.e., fastest) interfacial degradation mechanism will facilitate future mitigation strategies. We apply screened hybrid density functional (HSE06) calculations to compare the reaction kinetics of LixNiO2 surfaces with ethylene carbonate (EC) with those of O2 release. On both the (001) and (104) facets, EC oxidative decomposition exhibits lower activation energies than O2 release. Our calculations, coupled with previously computed liquid-phase reaction rates of 1O2 with EC, strongly question the role of "reactive 1O2" species in electrolyte oxidative degradation. The possible role of other oxygen species is discussed. To deal with the challenges of modeling LixNiO2 surface reactivity, we emphasize a "local structure" approach instead of pursuing the global energy minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Leung
- Sandia National Laboratories, MS 0750, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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11
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Lee S, Song G, Yun B, Kim T, Choi SH, Kim H, Doo SW, Lee KT. Revealing the Nanoscopic Corrosive Degradation Mechanism of Nickel-Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes at Low State-of-Charge Levels: Corrosion Cracking and Pitting. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10566-10581. [PMID: 38556986 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Ni-rich layered oxides have received significant attention as promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries due to their high reversible capacity. However, intergranular and intragranular cracks form at high state-of-charge (SOC) levels exceeding 4.2 V (vs. Li/Li+), representing a prominent failure mechanism of Ni-rich layered oxides. The nanoscale crack formation at high SOC levels is attributed to a significant volume change resulting from a phase transition between the H2 and H3 phases. Herein, in contrast to the electrochemical crack formation at high SOC levels, another mechanism of chemical crack and pit formation on a nanoscale is directly evidenced in fully lithiated Ni-rich layered oxides (low SOC levels). This mechanism is associated with intergranular stress corrosion cracking, driven by chemical corrosion at elevated temperatures. The nanoscopic chemical corrosion behavior of Ni-rich layered oxides during aging at elevated temperatures is investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, revealing that microcracks can develop through two distinct mechanisms: electrochemical cycling and chemical corrosion. Notably, chemical corrosion cracks can occur even in a fully discharged state (low SOC levels), whereas electrochemical cracks are observed only at high SOC levels. This finding provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex failure mechanisms of Ni-rich layered oxides and provides an opportunity to improve their electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gawon Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghyun Yun
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Doo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Tae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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12
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Wei L, Wu H, Liu S, Zhou Y, Guo X. Construction of Hierarchical Conductive Networks for LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2 Cathode toward Stable Cycling at High Areal Mass Loadings. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2312059. [PMID: 38600893 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Realizing high-performance thick electrodes is considered as a practical strategy to promote the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, establishing effective transport pathways for both lithium-ions and electrons in a thick electrode is very challenging. This study develops a hierarchical conductive network structure for constructing high-performance NMC811 (LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) cathode toward stable cycling at high areal mass loadings. The hierarchical conductive networks are composed of a Li+/e- mixed conducting interface (lithium polyacrylate/hydroxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes) on NMC811 particles, and a segregated network of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the electrode, without any additional binders or carbon black. Such strategy endows the NMC811 cathode (up to 250 µm and 50 mg cm-2) with low porosity/tortuosity, ultrahigh Li+/e- conductivities and excellent mechanical property at low carbon nanotube content (1.8 wt%). It significantly improves the electrochemical reaction homogeneity along the electrode depth, meanwhile effectively inhibits the side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface and cracks in the NMC particles during cycling. This work emphasizes the crucial role of the electronic/ionic cooperative transportation in the performance deterioration of thick cathodes, and provide guidance for architecture optimization and performance improvement of thick electrodes toward practical applications, not just for the NMC811 cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Songtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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13
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Zhang Z, Said S, Lovett AJ, Jervis R, Shearing PR, Brett DJL, Miller TS. The Influence of Cathode Degradation Products on the Anode Interface in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9389-9402. [PMID: 38507591 PMCID: PMC10993644 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Degradation of cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries results in the presence of transition metal ions in the electrolyte, and these ions are known to play a major role in capacity fade and cell failure. Yet, while it is known that transition metal ions migrate from the metal oxide cathode and deposit on the graphite anode, their specific influence on anode reactions and structures, such as the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), is still quite poorly understood due to the complexity in studying this interface in operational cells. In this work we combine operando electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM), electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements to probe the influence of a range of transition metal ions on the morphological, mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties of the SEI. By adding representative concentrations of Ni2+, Mn2+, and Co2+ ions into a commercially relevant battery electrolyte, the impacts of each on the formation and stability of the anode interface layer is revealed; all are shown to pose a threat to battery performance and stability. Mn2+, in particular, is shown to induce a thick, soft, and unstable SEI layer, which is known to cause severe degradation of batteries, while Co2+ and Ni2+ significantly impact interfacial conductivity. When transition metal ions are mixed, SEI degradation is amplified, suggesting a synergistic effect on the cell stability. Hence, by uncovering the roles these cathode degradation products play in operational batteries, we have provided a foundation upon which strategies to mitigate or eliminate these degradation products can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ORA, U.K.
- Renewable
Energy Group, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science
and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, U.K.
| | - Samia Said
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Adam J. Lovett
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ORA, U.K.
| | - Rhodri Jervis
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ORA, U.K.
| | - Paul R. Shearing
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ORA, U.K.
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, U.K.
| | - Daniel J. L. Brett
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ORA, U.K.
| | - Thomas S. Miller
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ORA, U.K.
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14
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Li H, Wang L, Song Y, Zhang Z, Du A, Tang Y, Wang J, He X. Why the Synthesis Affects Performance of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312292. [PMID: 38216139 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The limited cyclability of high-specific-energy layered transition metal oxide (LiTMO2) cathode materials poses a significant challenge to the industrialization of batteries incorporating these materials. This limitation can be attributed to various factors, with the intrinsic behavior of the crystal structure during the cycle process being a key contributor. These factors include phase transition induced cracks, reduced Li active sites due to Li/Ni mixing, and slower Li+ migration. In addition, the presence of synthesis-induced heterogeneous phases and lattice defects cannot be disregarded as they also contribute to the degradation in performance. Therefore, gaining a profound understanding of the intricate relationship among material synthesis, structure, and performance is imperative for the development of LiTMO2. This paper highlights the pivotal role of structural play in LiTMO2 materials and provides a comprehensive overview of how various control factors influence the specific pathways of structural evolution during the synthesis process. In addition, it summarizes the scientific challenges associated with diverse modification approaches currently employed to address the cyclic failure of materials. The overarching goal is to provide readers with profound insights into the study of LiTMO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Youzhi Song
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Aimin Du
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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15
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Wang W, Zhou Y, Zhang B, Huang W, Cheng L, Wang J, He X, Yu L, Xiao Z, Wen J, Liu T, Amine K, Ou X. Optimized In Situ Doping Strategy Stabling Single-Crystal Ultrahigh-Nickel Layered Cathode Materials. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8002-8016. [PMID: 38451853 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes offer promising prospects in mitigating intergranular microcracks and side reaction issues commonly encountered in conventional polycrystalline cathodes. However, the utilization of micrometer-sized single-crystal particles has raised concerns about sluggish Li+ diffusion kinetics and unfavorable structural degradation, particularly in high Ni content cathodes. Herein, we present an innovative in situ doping strategy to regulate the dominant growth of characteristic planes in the single-crystal precursor, leading to enhanced mechanical properties and effectively tackling the challenges posed by ultrahigh-nickel layered cathodes. Compared with the traditional dry-doping method, our in situ doping approach possesses a more homogeneous and consistent modifying effect from the inside out, ensuring the uniform distribution of doping ions with large radius (Nb, Zr, W, etc). This mitigates the generally unsatisfactory substitution effect, thereby minimizing undesirable coating layers induced by different solubilities during the calcination process. Additionally, the uniformly dispersed ions from this in situ doping are beneficial for alleviating the two-phase coexistence of H2/H3 and optimizing the Li+ concentration gradient during cycling, thus inhibiting the formation of intragranular cracks and interfacial deterioration. Consequently, the in situ doped cathodes demonstrate exceptional cycle retention and rate performance under various harsh testing conditions. Our optimized in situ doping strategy not only expands the application prospects of elemental doping but also offers a promising research direction for developing high-energy-density single-crystal cathodes with extended lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Zhejiang Power New Energy Co. Ltd., Zhuji 311899, P.R. China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Power New Energy Co. Ltd., Zhuji 311899, P.R. China
| | - Weiyuan Huang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lei Cheng
- Zhejiang Power New Energy Co. Ltd., Zhuji 311899, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xinyou He
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhiming Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tongchao Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xing Ou
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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16
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Yuran N, Muniyandi B, Saha A, Yochelis S, Sharon D, Paltiel Y, Noked M. Chiral Molecular Coating of a LiNiCoMnO 2 Cathode for High-Rate Capability Lithium-Ion Batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2682-2689. [PMID: 38427025 PMCID: PMC10945569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The growing demand for energy has increased the need for battery storage, with lithium-ion batteries being widely used. Among those, nickel-rich layered lithium transition metal oxides [LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 NCM (1 - x - y > 0.5)] are some of the promising cathode materials due to their high specific capacities and working voltages. In this study, we demonstrate that a thin, simple coating of polyalanine chiral molecules improves the performance of Ni-rich cathodes. The chiral organic coating of the active material enhances the discharge capacity and rate capability. Specifically, NCM811 and NCM622 electrodes coated with chiral molecules exhibit lower voltage hysteresis and better rate performance, with a capacity improvement of >10% at a 4 C discharge rate and an average improvement of 6%. We relate these results to the chirally induced spin selectivity effect that enables us to reduce the resistance of the electrode interface and to reduce dramatically the overpotential needed for the chemical process by aligning the electron spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Yuran
- Department
of Applied Physics, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Bagavathi Muniyandi
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Arka Saha
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Shira Yochelis
- Department
of Applied Physics, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Daniel Sharon
- Department
of Applied Physics, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Department
of Applied Physics, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Malachi Noked
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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17
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Dai H, Gomes L, Maxwell D, Zamani S, Yang K, Atienza D, Dale N, Mukerjee S. Exploring the Role of an Electrolyte Additive in Suppressing Surface Reconstruction of a Ni-Rich NMC Cathode at Ultrahigh Voltage via Enhanced In Situ and Operando Characterization Methods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8639-8654. [PMID: 38335325 PMCID: PMC10895582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Vinylene carbonate (VC) is a widely used electrolyte additive in lithium-ion batteries for enhanced solid electrolyte interphase formation on the anode side. However, the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation with VC has received a lot less attention. This study presents a comprehensive investigation employing advanced in situ/operando-based Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to explore the effect of electrolyte composition on the CEI formation and suppression of surface reconstruction of LixNiyMnzCo1-y-zO2 (NMC) cathodes. A novel chemical pathway via VC polymerization is proposed based on experimental results. In situ Raman spectra revealed a new peak at 995 cm-1, indicating the presence of C-O semi-carbonates resulting from the radical polymerization of VC. Operando Raman analysis unveiled the formation of NiO at 490 cm-1 in the baseline system under ultrahigh voltage (up to 5.2 V). However, this peak was conspicuously absent in the VC electrolyte, signifying the effectiveness of VC in suppressing surface reconstruction. Further investigation was carried out utilizing in situ XAS compared X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra from cells of 3 and 20 cycles in both electrolytes at different operating voltages. The observed shift at the Ni K-edge confirmed a more substantial reduction of Ni in the baseline electrolyte compared to that in the VC electrolyte, thus indicating less CEI protection in the former. A sophisticated extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis quantitatively confirmed the effective suppression of rock-salt formation with the VC electrolyte during the charging process, consistent with the operando Raman results. The in situ XAS results thus provided additional support for the key findings of this study, establishing the crucial role of VC polymerization in enhancing CEI stability and mitigating surface reconstruction on NMC cathodes. This work clarifies the relationship between the enhanced CEI layer and NMC degradation and inspires rational electrolyte design for long-cycling NMC cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Dai
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Luisa Gomes
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Derrick Maxwell
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Somayeh Zamani
- Nissan
Technical Center North America, 39001 Sunrise Drive, Farmington
Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Kevin Yang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dianne Atienza
- Nissan
Technical Center North America, 39001 Sunrise Drive, Farmington
Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Nilesh Dale
- Nissan
Technical Center North America, 39001 Sunrise Drive, Farmington
Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Sanjeev Mukerjee
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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18
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Kim T, Park S, Bae J, Jung D, Cheon H, Lee WG, Choi Y. Diagnosis of high-Ni NCA/Gr-Si cells before rapid capacity drop by monitoring the heterogeneous degradation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1008-1013. [PMID: 38054251 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01761c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the degradation of lithium-ion batteries is of utmost significance for preventing unexpected capacity drops and addressing safety concerns. The manner in which batteries degrade during operation has a notable influence on their subsequent cycle performance. In particular, the rapid capacity drop related to the spatial heterogeneity of the anode degradation highlights the necessity of a health indicator for an accurate battery diagnosis. A novel health indicator established in this study, the Dominant degradation factors among Negative and Positive electrodes (DNP) scores, enables clear identification of degraded states despite comparable capacity levels. Specifically, batteries with heterogeneous anode degradation exhibited negative scores and the aggravation of the cycle performance. It is anticipated that this health indicator can provide a distinct evaluation of batteries based on their degraded states, supporting onboard battery management and the efficient allocation of resources for the battery reuse industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Better Life Battery Corp., 240, Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - JunWoo Bae
- Better Life Battery Corp., 240, Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - DaWoon Jung
- Better Life Battery Corp., 240, Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansu Cheon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Better Life Battery Corp., 240, Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang-Geun Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunseok Choi
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Jang HY, Eum D, Cho J, Lim J, Lee Y, Song JH, Park H, Kim B, Kim DH, Cho SP, Jo S, Heo JH, Lee S, Lim J, Kang K. Structurally robust lithium-rich layered oxides for high-energy and long-lasting cathodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1288. [PMID: 38346943 PMCID: PMC10861561 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
O2-type lithium-rich layered oxides, known for mitigating irreversible transition metal migration and voltage decay, provide suitable framework for exploring the inherent properties of oxygen redox. Here, we present a series of O2-type lithium-rich layered oxides exhibiting minimal structural disordering and stable voltage retention even with high anionic redox participation based on the nominal composition. Notably, we observe a distinct asymmetric lattice breathing phenomenon within the layered framework driven by excessive oxygen redox, which includes substantial particle-level mechanical stress and the microcracks formation during cycling. This chemo-mechanical degradation can be effectively mitigated by balancing the anionic and cationic redox capabilities, securing both high discharge voltage (~ 3.43 V vs. Li/Li+) and capacity (~ 200 mAh g-1) over extended cycles. The observed correlation between the oxygen redox capability and the structural evolution of the layered framework suggests the distinct intrinsic capacity fading mechanism that differs from the previously proposed voltage fading mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Young Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggun Eum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiung Cho
- Seoul Western Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Pohang Light Source-II, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 80 Jigok-ro 127 beon-gil, Nam-gu, Pohang, 36763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- Pohang Light Source-II, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 80 Jigok-ro 127 beon-gil, Nam-gu, Pohang, 36763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Park
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Cho
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugeun Jo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Mikheenkova A, Mukherjee S, Hirsbrunner M, Törnblom P, Tai CW, Segre CU, Ding Y, Zhang W, Asmara TC, Wei Y, Schmitt T, Rensmo H, Duda L, Hahlin M. The role of oxygen in automotive grade lithium-ion battery cathodes: an atomistic survey of ageing. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2024; 12:2465-2478. [PMID: 38269086 PMCID: PMC10805348 DOI: 10.1039/d3ta05516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The rising demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, pivotal to electric transportation, hinges on key materials like the Ni-rich layered oxide LiNixCoyAlzO2 (NCA) used in cathodes. The present study investigates the redox mechanisms, with particular focus on the role of oxygen in commercial NCA electrodes, both fresh and aged under various conditions (aged cells have performed >900 cycles until a cathode capacity retention of ∼80%). Our findings reveal that oxygen participates in charge compensation during NCA delithiation, both through changes in transition metal (TM)-O bond hybridization and formation of partially reversible O2, the latter occurs already below 3.8 V vs. Li/Li+. Aged NCA material undergoes more significant changes in TM-O bond hybridization when cycling above 50% SoC, while reversible O2 formation is maintained. Nickel is found to be redox active throughout the entire delithiation and shows a more classical oxidation state change during cycling with smaller changes in the Ni-O hybridization. By contrast, Co redox activity relies on a stronger change in Co-O hybridization, with only smaller Co oxidation state changes. The Ni-O bond displays an almost twice as large change in its bond length on cycling as the Co-O bond. The Ni-O6 octahedra are similar in size to the Co-O6 octahedra in the delithiated state, but are larger in the lithiated state, a size difference that increases with battery ageing. These contrasting redox activities are reflected directly in structural changes. The NCA material exhibits the formation of nanopores upon ageing, and a possible connection to oxygen redox activity is discussed. The difference in interaction of Ni and Co with oxygen provides a key understanding of the mechanism and the electrochemical instability of Ni-rich layered transition metal oxide electrodes. Our research specifically highlights the significance of the role of oxygen in the electrochemical performance of electric-vehicle-grade NCA electrodes, offering important insights for the creation of next-generation long-lived lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Mikheenkova
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University SE 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Soham Mukherjee
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University SE 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Moritz Hirsbrunner
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University SE 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Pontus Törnblom
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University SE 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Cheuk-Wai Tai
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
| | - Carlo U Segre
- Department of Physics and CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Yujia Ding
- Department of Physics and CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Laboratory for Condensed Matter, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 Villigen PSI 5232 Switzerland
| | - Teguh Citra Asmara
- Laboratory for Condensed Matter, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 Villigen PSI 5232 Switzerland
| | - Yuan Wei
- Laboratory for Condensed Matter, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 Villigen PSI 5232 Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Schmitt
- Laboratory for Condensed Matter, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 Villigen PSI 5232 Switzerland
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University SE 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Laurent Duda
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University SE 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Maria Hahlin
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University SE 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University SE 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
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21
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Llanos P, Ahaliabadeh Z, Miikkulainen V, Lahtinen J, Yao L, Jiang H, Kankaanpää T, Kallio TM. High Voltage Cycling Stability of LiF-Coated NMC811 Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2216-2230. [PMID: 38170822 PMCID: PMC10797589 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) as a cathode material for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) intends to address the driving limitations of electric vehicles. However, the commercialization of this technology has been hindered by poor cycling stability at high cutoff voltages. The potential instability and drastic capacity fade stem from irreversible parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface. To address these issues, a stable nanoscale lithium fluoride (LiF) coating is deposited on the NMC811 electrode via atomic layer deposition. The nanoscale LiF coating diminishes the direct contact between NMC811 and the electrolyte, suppressing the detrimental parasitic reactions. LiF-NMC811 delivers cycling stability superior to uncoated NMC811 with high cutoff voltage for half-cell (3.0-4.6 V vs Li/Li+) and full-cell (2.8-4.5 V vs graphite) configurations. The structural, morphological, and chemical analyses of the electrodes after cycling show that capacity decline fundamentally arises from the electrode-electrolyte interface growth, irreversible phase transformation, transition metal dissolution and crossover, and particle cracking. Overall, this work demonstrates that LiF is an effective electrode coating for high-voltage cycling without compromising rate performance, even at high discharge rates. The findings of this work highlight the need to stabilize the electrode-electrolyte interface to fully utilize the high-capacity performance of NMC811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princess
Stephanie Llanos
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Zahra Ahaliabadeh
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Miikkulainen
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jouko Lahtinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Lide Yao
- OtaNano-Nanomicroscopy
Center, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Hua Jiang
- OtaNano-Nanomicroscopy
Center, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Tanja M. Kallio
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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22
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Xiao B, Zheng Y, Song M, Liu X, Lee GH, Omenya F, Yang X, Engelhard MH, Reed D, Yang W, Amine K, Xu GL, Balbuena PB, Li X. Protonation Stimulates the Layered to Rock Salt Phase Transition of Ni-Rich Sodium Cathodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2308380. [PMID: 38134206 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Protonation of oxide cathodes triggers surface transition metal dissolution and accelerates the performance degradation of Li-ion batteries. While strategies are developed to improve cathode material surface stability, little is known about the effects of protonation on bulk phase transitions in these cathode materials or their sodium-ion battery counterparts. Here, using NaNiO2 in electrolytes with different proton-generating levels as model systems, a holistic picture of the effect of incorporated protons is presented. Protonation of lattice oxygens stimulate transition metal migration to the alkaline layer and accelerates layered-rock-salt phase transition, which leads to bulk structure disintegration and anisotropic surface reconstruction layers formation. A cathode that undergoes severe protonation reactions attains a porous architecture corresponding to its multifold performance fade. This work reveals that interactions between electrolyte and cathode that result in protonation can dominate the structural reversibility/stability of bulk cathodes, and the insight sheds light for the development of future batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwei Xiao
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3122, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3122, USA
| | - Miao Song
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Xiang Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Gi-Hyeok Lee
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Fred Omenya
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - David Reed
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Gui-Liang Xu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3122, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3122, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3122, USA
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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23
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Guan P, Min J, Chen F, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Liu C, Hu Y, Wan T, Li M, Liu Y, Su D, Hart JN, Li Z, Chu D. Dual-modification of Ni-rich cathode materials through strontium titanate coating and thermal treatment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1184-1196. [PMID: 37657218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Ni-rich layered structure ternary oxides, such as LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811), are promising cathode materials for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, a trade-off between high capacity and long cycle life still obstructs the commercialization of Ni-rich cathodes in modern LIBs. Herein, a facile dual modification approach for improving the electrochemical performance of NCM811 was enabled by a typical perovskite oxide: strontium titanate (SrTiO3). With a suitable thermal treatment, the modified cathode exhibited an outstanding electrochemical performance that could deliver a high discharge capacity of 188.5 mAh/g after 200 cycles under 1C with a capacity retention of 90%. The SrTiO3 (STO) protective layer can effectively suppress the side reaction between the NCM811 and the electrolyte. In the meantime, the pillar effect provided by interfacial Ti doping could effectively reduce the Li+/Ni2+ mixing ratio on the NCM811 surface and offer more efficient Li+ migration between the cathode and the coating layer after post-thermal treatment (≥600 °C). This dual modification strategy not only significantly improves the structural stability of Ni-rich layered structure but also enhances the electrochemical kinetics via increasing diffusion rate of Li+. The electrochemical measurement results further disclosed that the 3 wt% STO coated NCM811 with 600 °C annealing exhibits the best performance compared with other control samples, suggesting an appropriate temperature range for STO coated NCM811 cathode is critical for maintaining a stable structure for the whole system. This work may offer an effective option to enhance the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathodes for high-performance LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jie Min
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Fandi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yanzhe Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yifan Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Tao Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Mengyao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yunjian Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Dawei Su
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Judy N Hart
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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24
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Carballo KV, Wang X, Benamara M, Meng X. Effects of cathode loadings and anode protection on the performance of lithium metal batteries. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:075401. [PMID: 37972394 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad0d25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
While lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are approaching their energy limits, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are undergoing intensive investigation for higher energy density. Coupling LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2(NMC811) cathode with lithium (Li) metal anode, the resultant Li||NMC811 LMBs are among the most promising technologies for future transportation electrification, which have the potential to realize an energy density two times higher than that of state-of-the-art LIBs. To maximize their energy density, the Li||NMC811 LMBs are preferred to have their cathode loading as high as possible while their Li anode as thin as possible. To this end, we investigated the effects of different cathode active material loadings (2-14 mg cm-2) on the performance of the Li||NMC811 LMBs. Our study revealed that the cathode loadings have remarkably affected the cell performance, in terms of capacity retention and sustainable capacity. Cells with high cathode loadings are more liable to fade in capacity, due to more severe formation of the CEI and more sluggish ion transport. In this study, we also verified that the protection of the Li anode is significant for achieving better cell performance. In this regard, our newly developed Li-containing glycerol (LiGL) via molecular layer deposition (MLD) is promising to help boost the cell performance, which was controllably deposited on the Li anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Velasquez Carballo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Mourad Benamara
- Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Xiangbo Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
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25
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Surface Doping vs. Bulk Doping of Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Liu Q, Chen Q, Tang Y, Cheng HM. Interfacial Modification, Electrode/Solid-Electrolyte Engineering, and Monolithic Construction of Solid-State Batteries. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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27
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Shi J, Ma Z, Wu D, Yu Y, Wang Z, Fang Y, Chen D, Shang S, Qu X, Li P. Low-cost BPO 4 In Situ Synthetic Li 3 PO 4 Coating and B/P-Doping to Boost 4.8 V Cyclability for Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2307030. [PMID: 37964299 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Structural damage of Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes such as LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 (NCM811) and serious interfacial side reactions and physical contact failures with sulfide electrolytes (SEs) are the main obstacles restricting ≥4.6 V high-voltage cyclability of all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). To tackle this constraint, here, a modified NCM811 with Li3 PO4 coating and B/P co-doping using inexpensive BPO4 as raw materials via the one-step in situ synthesis process is presented. Phosphates have good electrochemical stability and contain the same anion (O2- ) and cation (P5+ ) as in cathode and SEs, respectively, thus Li3 PO4 coating precludes interfacial anion exchange, lessening side reactivity. Based on the high bond energy of B─O and P─O, the lattice O and crystal texture of NCM811 can be stabilized by B3+ /P5+ co-doping, thereby suppressing microcracks during high-voltage cycling. Therefore, when tested in combination with Li─In anode and Li6 PS5 Cl solid electrolytes (LPSCl), the modified NCM811 exhibits extraordinary performance, with 200.36 mAh g-1 initial discharge capacity (4.6 V), cycling 2300 cycles with decay rate as low as 0.01% per cycle (1C), and 208.26 mAh g-1 initial discharge capacity (4.8 V), cycling 1986 cycles with 0.02% per cycle decay rate. Simultaneously, it also has remarkable electrochemical abilities at both -20 °C and 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yixing Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Dishuang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Shang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xuanhui Qu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shanxi Beike Qiantong Energy Storage Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Gaoping, 048400, P. R. China
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28
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Zhao T, Liu P, Tang F, Xiao M, Song L, Kuang Y, Long T, Xiao Z. Design of Nb 5+-doped high-nickel layered ternary cathode material and its structure stability. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:495401. [PMID: 37666244 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acf670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811) is one of the most promising cathode materials for high-energy lithium-ion batteries, but there are still problems such as rapid capacity decay during charge and discharge and poor cycle performance. Elemental doping can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of high nickel ternary cathode materials. In this work, Nb5+-doped NCM811 cathode material was successfully synthesized. The results show that Nb5+doping helps to increase the interlayer spacing of the lithium layer, electron transport, and structural stability, thereby significantly improving the conductivity of Li+. At a high voltage of 4.6 V, the initial discharge specific capacity of 1% Nb5+-doped NCM811 cathode material at 0.1 C is 222.3 mAh·g-1, and the capacity retention rate after 100 cycles at 1 C is 92.03%, which is far more than the capacity retention rate of NCM811 under the same conditions (74.30%). First-principles calculations prove that 1% Nb5+-doped NCM811 cathode material shows the highest electronic conductivity and Nb5+doping will not change the lattice structure, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Testing Technology Company of Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co., LTD, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuli Tang
- Testing Technology Company of Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co., LTD, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minzhi Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liubin Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjie Kuang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Long
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongliang Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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29
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Vahnstiege M, Winter M, Nowak S, Wiemers-Meyer S. State-of-charge of individual active material particles in lithium ion batteries: a perspective of analytical techniques and their capabilities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24278-24286. [PMID: 37681262 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02932h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The state-of-charge (SOC) is an essential parameter for battery management systems to reflect and monitor the remaining capacity of individual battery cells. In addition to its application at the cell level, the SOC also plays an important role in the investigation of redox processes of cathode active materials (CAMs) in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) during electrochemical cycling. These processes can be influenced by a large variety of factors such as active material properties, inhomogeneities of the electrode, degradation phenomena and the charge/discharge protocol during cycling. Consequently, non-uniform redox reactions can occur, resulting in charge heterogeneities of the active material. This heterogeneity can translate into accelerated aging of the CAM and a reduction in reversible capacity of the battery cell, since the active material is not fully utilized. To understand and monitor the SOC heterogeneity at the mesoscale, a wide range of techniques have been implemented in the past. In this perspective an overview of current state-of-the-art techniques to evaluate charge heterogeneities of CAMs in LIBs is presented. Therefore, techniques which utilize synchrotron radiation like X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and transmission X-ray spectroscopy (TXM) are presented as well as Raman spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Next to these established techniques, classification single particle inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (CL-SP-ICP-OES) as a new approach is also discussed in this perspective. For these techniques, the areas of application, advantages as well as drawbacks are highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vahnstiege
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Martin Winter
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12, FZ Jülich, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sascha Nowak
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Simon Wiemers-Meyer
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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30
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Poches C, Razzaq AA, Studer H, Ogilvie R, Lama B, Paudel TR, Li X, Pupek K, Xing W. Fluorinated High-Voltage Electrolytes To Stabilize Nickel-Rich Lithium Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43648-43655. [PMID: 37696006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
As state-of-the-art (SOA) lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries approach their specific energy limit (∼250 Wh kg-1), layer-structured, nickel-rich (Ni-rich) lithium transition metal oxide-based cathode materials, e.g., LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811), have attracted great interest owing to their practical high specific capacities (>200 mAhg-1). Coupled with their high average discharge voltages (∼4 V vs Li/Li+), Ni-rich cathode-based lithium batteries possess a great potential to achieve much higher specific energies (>350 Wh kg-1 at the cell level) than the SOA Li-ion counterparts. In addition, Ni-rich oxides are low-cost battery cathode materials due to their low cobalt contents. However, Ni-rich cathode-based lithium batteries suffer quick capacity degradations upon cycling, particularly at high upper cutoff voltages (e.g., ≥4.5 V vs Li/Li+), due to crystal structure changes of the active cathode materials and parasitic side reactions at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces. In this study, a fluorinated-solvent-based, high-voltage stable electrolyte (HVE), i.e., 1 M Li bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate (FDEC), and methyl (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate (FEMC) with Li difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB) additive, was formulated and evaluated in Li/NMC811 battery cells. To the best of our knowledge, this class of electrolyte has not been investigated for Ni-rich cathode-based lithium batteries. Li/NMC811 cells with HVE exhibited a superior long-term cycle performance stability, maintaining ∼80% capacity after ∼500 cycles at a high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V (vs Li/Li+) than a baseline carbonate-solvent-based electrolyte (BE). The superior cycle stability of the Li/NMC811 cells is attributed to the inherently high-voltage stability of HVE, supported by the physical and electrochemical analyses. This conclusion is supported by our density functional theory (DFT) modeling where HVE shows a less tendency of deprotonation/oxidation than BE, leading to the observed cycle stability. The findings in this study are important to help tackle the technical challenges facing Ni-rich cathode-based lithium batteries to realize their high energy density potentials with a long cycle life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Poches
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Amir Abdul Razzaq
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Haiden Studer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Regan Ogilvie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Bhubnesh Lama
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Tula R Paudel
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Xuguang Li
- Lynntech Inc., College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Krzysztof Pupek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Weibing Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
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31
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Baazizi M, Karbak M, Aqil M, Sayah S, Dahbi M, Ghamouss F. High-Valence Surface-Modified LMO Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Diffusion Kinetics and Operando Thermal Stability Investigation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40385-40396. [PMID: 37595952 PMCID: PMC10473045 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) is a prevalent cathode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its low cost, abundant material sources, and ecofriendliness. However, its capacity fade, low energy density, and fast auto-discharge hinders its large-scale commercialization. Consequently, scientists are urged to achieve high-performance LMO cathodes through material doping and surface modification using a wide range of transition metals, polymers, and carbon precursors. Few studies have considered the potential of high-valence transition metal oxides in stabilizing the LMO's cycling process and enhancing the overall battery performance. In this work, we report the synthesis of surface-modified lithium manganese oxide using high-valence tungsten oxide (WVIO3). Different WO3 wt % were investigated before settling for 0.5%WO3-LMO as the synergic surface-modified LMO. Using galvanostatic charge-discharge, 0.50 WO3-LMO exhibited better rate capability by retaining 51% of its initial capacity at a 20C rate, compared to 34% for the pristine LMO. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates showed that 0.50 WO3-LMO possesses better ion diffusion than pristine LMO, around 10-11 and 10-13 cm2·s-1 respectively. Finally, using in situ Raman spectroscopy, reaction mechanisms during cycling were investigated, and operando accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) visualized the surface-modified LMO's cycling thermal stability and highlighted its potential use for safe high-voltage lithium-ion batteries in automotive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Baazizi
- Department
of Materials Science, Energy, and Nano-Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Laboratory
of Physical-Chemistry of Materials and Electrolytes for Energy (PCM2E), University of Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Mehdi Karbak
- Department
of Materials Science, Energy, and Nano-Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering and Resources Valorization (LGCVR), Faculty
of Sciences and Techniques, University Abdelmalek
Essaadi, B.P. 416, Tangier 90010, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Aqil
- Department
of Materials Science, Energy, and Nano-Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Simon Sayah
- Laboratory
of Physical-Chemistry of Materials and Electrolytes for Energy (PCM2E), University of Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Mouad Dahbi
- Department
of Materials Science, Energy, and Nano-Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Fouad Ghamouss
- Department
of Materials Science, Energy, and Nano-Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Laboratory
of Physical-Chemistry of Materials and Electrolytes for Energy (PCM2E), University of Tours, 37200 Tours, France
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32
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Yang J, Xu S, Yu J, Li Y, He Z, Wu F, Zhang T, Hao S, Jiang S, Pan J, Xi X, Liu S. Enhanced mechanical strength of a highly de-lithiated single-crystal Ni-rich cathode to suppress irreversible planar gliding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9980-9983. [PMID: 37503825 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01338c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of de-lithiated single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes are causing extensive concern. Here, we first show that the compression hardness of single crystal Ni-rich cathode particles decreases significantly at highly de-lithiated states by micro-compression testing. Thus, phase-boundary hardening was introduced to inhibit the planar gliding, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Shenyang Xu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Ningbo Ronbay New Energy Technol Co Ltd, Tanjialing East Rd 39, Ningbo 315400, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yunjiao Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjiang He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Ningbo Ronbay New Energy Technol Co Ltd, Tanjialing East Rd 39, Ningbo 315400, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Shuaipeng Hao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Pan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xi
- Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Shuaiwei Liu
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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33
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Jeong JS, Park J. Analysis of Thermal Stability and Degradation Behavior for High-Ni NCM Cathode Materials using Thermal In Situ STEM-EELS. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1605. [PMID: 37613878 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seok Jeong
- Analytical Sciences Center, LG Chem, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- Analytical Sciences Center, LG Chem, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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34
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McClelland I, Booth SG, Anthonisamy NN, Middlemiss LA, Pérez GE, Cussen EJ, Baker PJ, Cussen SA. Direct Observation of Dynamic Lithium Diffusion Behavior in Nickel-Rich, LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2 (NMC811) Cathodes Using Operando Muon Spectroscopy. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:4149-4158. [PMID: 37332678 PMCID: PMC10268956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c03834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ni-rich layered oxide cathode materials such as LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) are widely tipped as the next-generation cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. The NMC class offers high capacities but suffers an irreversible first cycle capacity loss, a result of slow Li+ diffusion kinetics at a low state of charge. Understanding the origin of these kinetic hindrances to Li+ mobility inside the cathode is vital to negate the first cycle capacity loss in future materials design. Here, we report on the development of operando muon spectroscopy (μSR) to probe the Å-length scale Li+ ion diffusion in NMC811 during its first cycle and how this can be compared to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). Volume-averaged muon implantation enables measurements that are largely unaffected by interface/surface effects, thus providing a specific characterization of the fundamental bulk properties to complement surface-dominated electrochemical methods. First cycle measurements show that the bulk Li+ mobility is less affected than the surface Li+ mobility at full depth of discharge, indicating that sluggish surface diffusion is the likely cause of first cycle irreversible capacity loss. Additionally, we demonstrate that trends in the nuclear field distribution width of the implanted muons during cycling correlate with those observed in differential capacity, suggesting the sensitivity of this μSR parameter to structural changes during cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innes McClelland
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council,
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel G. Booth
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Nirmalesh N. Anthonisamy
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence A. Middlemiss
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel E. Pérez
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council,
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund J. Cussen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Baker
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council,
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Serena A. Cussen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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35
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Allen J, O’Keefe CA, Grey CP. Quantifying Dissolved Transition Metals in Battery Electrolyte Solutions with NMR Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:9509-9521. [PMID: 37255924 PMCID: PMC10226131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dissolution is an important contributor to capacity fade in lithium-ion cells. NMR relaxation rates are proportional to the concentration of paramagnetic species, making them suitable to quantify dissolved transition metals in battery electrolytes. In this work, 7Li, 31P, 19F, and 1H longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates were measured to study LiPF6 electrolyte solutions containing Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, or Cu2+ salts and Mn dissolved from LiMn2O4. Sensitivities were found to vary by nuclide and by transition metal. 19F (PF6-) and 1H (solvent) measurements were more sensitive than 7Li and 31P measurements due to the higher likelihood that the observed species are in closer proximity to the metal center. Mn2+ induced the greatest relaxation enhancement, yielding a limit of detection of ∼0.005 mM for 19F and 1H measurements. Relaxometric analysis of a sample containing Mn dissolved from LiMn2O4 at ∼20 °C showed good sensitivity and accuracy (suggesting dissolution of Mn2+), but analysis of a sample stored at 60 °C showed that the relaxometric quantification is less accurate for heat-degraded LiPF6 electrolytes. This is attributed to degradation processes causing changes to the metal solvation shell (changing the fractions of PF6-, EC, and EMC coordinated to Mn2+), such that calibration measurements performed with pristine electrolyte solutions are not applicable to degraded solutions-a potential complication for efforts to quantify metal dissolution during operando NMR studies of batteries employing widely-used LiPF6 electrolytes. Ex situ nondestructive quantification of transition metals in lithium-ion battery electrolytes is shown to be possible by NMR relaxometry; further, the method's sensitivity to the metal solvation shell also suggests potential use in assessing the coordination spheres of dissolved transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
P. Allen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Christopher A. O’Keefe
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
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36
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Langner T, Sieber T, Rietig A, Merk V, Pfeifer L, Acker J. A phenomenological and quantitative view on the degradation of positive electrodes from spent lithium-ion batteries in humid atmosphere. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5671. [PMID: 37024552 PMCID: PMC10079828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with the phenomenological observation of the corrosion of the positive electrode foil of lithium-ion batteries containing LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NMC) as cathode material. Due to the presence of moisture, localized water accumulation is formed on the NMC surface. The water absorbed by the electrolyte reacts with the NMC under Li+/H+ exchange and the resulting pH increase leads to dissolution of the carrier foil and characteristic salt-like blooms on the NMC surface. With the increase in the relative area occupied by the holes in the aluminum foil per time, a sufficiently suitable parameter was found with which to quantitatively determine the extent of corrosion. The degree of degradation depends on time and ambient humidity. It was shown that functional recycling with the water jet method is no longer applicable for degraded foils, since the mechanical stability of the foils decreases as corrosion progresses. Lithium, aluminum, sulfur and oxygen were detected in the blooms using SEM-EDX and Laser-Induced-Breakdown-Spectroscopy (LIBS). The underlying NMC layer was found to contain mainly aluminum and significantly lower lithium content than the non-degraded material. SEM and Raman microscopy analyses also showed that the active material is also locally degraded and therefore no longer suitable for functional recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Langner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany.
| | - Tim Sieber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rietig
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Virginia Merk
- LTB Lasertechnik Berlin GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Pfeifer
- LTB Lasertechnik Berlin GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Acker
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
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37
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Zhuang D, Bazant MZ. Population effects driving active material degradation in intercalation electrodes. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:044603. [PMID: 37198867 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.044603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In battery modeling, the electrode is discretized at the macroscopic scale with a single representative particle in each volume. This lacks the accurate physics to describe interparticle interactions in electrodes. To remedy this, we formulate a model that describes the evolution of degradation of a population of battery active material particles using ideas in population genetics of fitness evolution, where the state of a system depends on the health of each particle that contributes to the system. With the fitness formulation, the model incorporates effects of particle size and heterogeneous degradation effects which accumulate in the particles as the battery is cycled, accounting for different active material degradation mechanisms. At the particle scale, degradation progresses nonuniformly across the population of active particles, observed from the autocatalytic relationship between fitness and degradation. Electrode-level degradation is formed from various contributions of the particle-level degradation, especially from smaller particles. It is shown that specific mechanisms of particle-level degradation can be associated with characteristic signatures in the capacity-loss and voltage profiles. Conversely, certain features in the electrode-level phenomena can also provide insight into the relative importance of different particle-level degradation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Zhuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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38
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Mou M, Patel A, Mallick S, Jayanthi K, Sun XG, Paranthaman MP, Kothe S, Baral E, Saleh S, Mugumya JH, Rasche ML, Gupta RB, Lopez H, Jiang M. Slug Flow Coprecipitation Synthesis of Uniformly-Sized Oxalate Precursor Microparticles for Improved Reproducibility and Tap Density of Li(Ni 0.8Co 0.1Mn 0.1)O 2 Cathode Materials. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:3213-3224. [PMID: 37013178 PMCID: PMC10064804 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The microparticle quality and reproducibility of Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 (NCM811) cathode materials are important for Li-ion battery performance but can be challenging to control directly from synthesis. Here, a scalable reproducible synthesis process is designed based on slug flow to rapidly generate uniform micron-size spherical-shape NCM oxalate precursor microparticles at 25-34 °C. The whole process takes only 10 min, from solution mixing to precursor microparticle generation, without needing aging that typically takes hours. These oxalate precursors are convertible to spherical-shape NCM811 oxide microparticles, through a preliminary design of low heating rates (e.g., 0.1 and 0.8 °C/min) for calcination and lithiation. The outcome oxide cathode particles also demonstrate improved tap density (e.g., 2.4 g mL-1 for NCM811) and good specific capacity (202 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C) in coin cells and reasonably good cycling performance with LiF coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Mou
- Department
of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Arjun Patel
- Department
of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Sourav Mallick
- Department
of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - K. Jayanthi
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiao-Guang Sun
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | | | - Sophie Kothe
- Department
of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Ena Baral
- Department
of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Selma Saleh
- Department
of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Jethrine H. Mugumya
- Department
of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Michael L. Rasche
- Department
of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Ram B. Gupta
- Department
of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Herman Lopez
- Ionblox
Inc., Fremont, California 94538, United States
| | - Mo Jiang
- Department
of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
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39
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Valiyaveettil-SobhanRaj S, Cid R, Thompson T, Bonilla F, A López G, Aguesse F, Casas-Cabanas M. High-Temperature Thermal Reactivity and Interface Evolution of the NMC-LATP-Carbon Composite Cathode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13689-13699. [PMID: 36862826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-assisted densification methods are typically used in oxide-based solid-state batteries to suppress resistive interfaces. However, chemical reactivity among the different cathode components (which include a catholyte, the conducting additive, and the electroactive material) still represents a major challenge and processing parameters need thus to be carefully selected. In this study, we evaluate the impact of temperature and heating atmosphere in the LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC), Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12 (LATP), and Ketjenblack (KB) system. A rationale of the chemical reactions between components is proposed from the combination of bulk and surface techniques and overall involves a cation redistribution in the NMC cathode material that is accompanied by the loss of lithium and oxygen from the lattice enhanced by LATP and KB, which act as lithium and oxygen sinks. The final result is the formation of several degradation products, starting at the surface, that lead to a rapid capacity decay above 400 °C. Both the reaction mechanism and threshold temperature depend on the heating atmosphere, with the air atmosphere being more favorable compared to oxygen or any other inert gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Valiyaveettil-SobhanRaj
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Rosalía Cid
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Bonilla
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gabriel A López
- Department of Applied Physics II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Frederic Aguesse
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Montse Casas-Cabanas
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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40
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Allen J, Grey CP. Solution NMR of Battery Electrolytes: Assessing and Mitigating Spectral Broadening Caused by Transition Metal Dissolution. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:4425-4438. [PMID: 36925561 PMCID: PMC10009815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool that is commonly used to assess the degradation of lithium-ion battery electrolyte solutions. However, dissolution of paramagnetic Ni2+ and Mn2+ ions from cathode materials may affect the NMR spectra of the electrolyte solution, with the unpaired electron spins in these paramagnetic solutes inducing rapid nuclear relaxation and spectral broadening (and often peak shifts). This work establishes how dissolved Ni2+ and Mn2+ in LiPF6 electrolyte solutions affect 1H, 19F, and 31P NMR spectra of pristine and degraded electrolyte solutions, including whether the peaks from degradation species are at risk of being lost and whether the spectral broadening can be mitigated. Mn2+ is shown to cause far greater peak broadening than Ni2+, with the effect of Mn2+ observable at just 10 μM. Generally, 19F peaks from PF6 - degradation species are most affected by the presence of the paramagnetic metals, followed by 31P and 1H peaks. Surprisingly, when NMR solvents are added to acquire the spectra, the degree of broadening is heavily solvent-dependent, following the trend of solvent donor number (increased broadening with lower solvent donicity). Severe spectral broadening is shown to occur whether Mn is introduced via the salt Mn(TFSI)2 or is dissolved from LiMn2O4. We show that the weak 19F and 31P peaks in spectra of electrolyte samples containing micromolar levels of dissolved Mn2+ are broadened to an extent that they are no longer visible, but this broadening can be minimized by diluting electrolyte samples with a suitably coordinating NMR solvent. Li3PO4 addition to the sample is also shown to return 19F and 31P spectral resolution by precipitating Mn2+ out of electrolyte samples, although this method consumes any HF in the electrolyte solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
P. Allen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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41
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Jia K, Wang J, Zhuang Z, Piao Z, Zhang M, Liang Z, Ji G, Ma J, Ji H, Yao W, Zhou G, Cheng HM. Topotactic Transformation of Surface Structure Enabling Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7288-7300. [PMID: 36876987 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become an urgent task to address the issues of resource shortage and potential environmental pollution. However, direct recycling of the spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathode is challenging because the strong electrostatic repulsion from a transition metal octahedron in the lithium layer provided by the rock salt/spinel phase that is formed on the surface of the cycled cathode severely disrupts Li+ transport, which restrains lithium replenishment during regeneration, resulting in the regenerated cathode with inferior capacity and cycling performance. Here, we propose the topotactic transformation of the stable rock salt/spinel phase into Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2 and then back to the NCM523 cathode. As a result, a topotactic relithiation reaction with low migration barriers occurs with facile Li+ transport in a channel (from one octahedral site to another, passing through a tetrahedral intermediate) with weakened electrostatic repulsion, which greatly improves lithium replenishment during regeneration. In addition, the proposed method can be extended to repair spent NCM523 black mass, spent LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2, and spent LiCoO2 cathodes, whose electrochemical performance after regeneration is comparable to that of the commercial pristine cathodes. This work demonstrates a fast topotactic relithiation process during regeneration by modifying Li+ transport channels, providing a unique perspective on the regeneration of spent LIB cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jia
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School &Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junxiong Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School &Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhuang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School &Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhihong Piao
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School &Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mengtian Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School &Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guanjun Ji
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School &Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School &Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haocheng Ji
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School &Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenjiao Yao
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School &Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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42
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Zhang Y, Kim JC, Song HW, Lee S. Recent achievements toward the development of Ni-based layered oxide cathodes for fast-charging Li-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4195-4218. [PMID: 36757735 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05701h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The driving mileage of electric vehicles (EVs) has been substantially improved in recent years with the adoption of Ni-based layered oxide materials as the battery cathode. The average charging period of EVs is still time-consuming, compared with the short refueling time of an internal combustion engine vehicle. With the guidance from the United States Department of Energy, the charging time of refilling 60% of the battery capacity should be less than 6 min for EVs, indicating that the corresponding charging rate for the cathode materials is to be greater than 6C. However, the sluggish kinetic conditions and insufficient thermal stability of the Ni-based layered oxide materials hinder further application in fast-charging operations. Most of the recent review articles regarding Ni-based layered oxide materials as cathodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) only touch degradation mechanisms under slow charging conditions. Of note, the fading mechanisms of the cathode materials for fast-charging, of which the importance abruptly increases due to the development of electric vehicles, may be significantly different from those of slow charging conditions. There are a few review articles regarding fast-charging; however, their perspectives are limited mostly to battery thermal management simulations, lacking experimental validations such as microscale structure degradations of Ni-based layered oxide cathode materials. In this review, a general and fundamental definition of fast-charging is discussed at first, and then we summarize the rate capability required in EVs and the electrochemical and kinetic properties of Ni-based layered oxide cathode materials. Next, the degradation mechanisms of LIBs leveraging Ni-based cathodes under fast-charging operation are systematically discussed from the electrode scale to the particle scale and finally the atom scale (lattice oxygen-level investigation). Then, various strategies to achieve higher rate capability, such as optimizing the synthesis process of cathode particles, fabricating single-crystalline particles, employing electrolyte additives, doping foreign ions, coating protective layers, and engineering the cathode architecture, are detailed. All these strategies need to be considered to enhance the electrochemical performance of Ni-based oxide cathode materials under fast-charging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhang
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Jae Chul Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Han Wook Song
- Center for Mass and Related Quantities, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Sunghwan Lee
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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43
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Kim YS, Kim J, Kim CS, Kwon YM, Kim SI, Eom JY. Effect of particle morphology on the fast-charging properties of high-nickel cathode materials. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-023-1386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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44
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Xing C, Da H, Yang P, Huang J, Gan M, Zhou J, Li Y, Zhang H, Ge B, Fei L. Aluminum Impurity from Current Collectors Reactivates Degraded NCM Cathode Materials toward Superior Electrochemical Performance. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3194-3203. [PMID: 36724114 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The huge amount of degraded NCM (LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2) cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries is arising as a serious environmental issue as well as a severe waste of metal resources, and therefore, direct recycling of them toward usable electrode materials again is environmentally and economically more attractive in contrast to present metallurgical treatments. In this work, we design a robust two-step method for direct recycling of degraded NCM materials, which uses the aluminum impurity from the attached current collector to supplement the transition metal vacancies for simultaneous elemental compensation and structural restoration. This single-element compensation strategy leads to the regeneration of high-quality NCM material with depressed cation disordering and stabilized layered structure. Moreover, the regenerated NCM material with controllable Al doping delivered an outstanding electrochemical performance; specifically, the capacity (158.6 mAh g-1), rate capability (91.6 mAh g-1 at 5 C), and cycling stability (89.6% capacity retention after 200 cycles) of the regenerated NCM material are even comparable with those of fresh materials. The as-established regeneration protocol has its chance in simplifying the industrial recycling process of degraded NCM materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxian Xing
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Haoran Da
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng Yang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Min Gan
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Linfeng Fei
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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45
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Pfeiffer F, Diddens D, Weiling M, Baghernejad M. Study of a High-Voltage NMC Interphase in the Presence of a Thiophene Additive Realized by Operando SHINERS. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6676-6686. [PMID: 36702454 PMCID: PMC9923680 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Improving the electrochemical properties and cycle life of high-voltage cathodes in lithium-ion batteries requires a deep understanding of the structural properties and failure mechanisms at the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). We present a study implementing an advanced Raman spectroscopy technique to specifically address the compositional features of interphase during cell operation. Our operando technique, shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS), provides a reliable platform to investigate the dynamics of the interphase structure and elucidate the compositional changes near the cathode surface. To improve the CEI properties, thiophene was introduced and investigated as an effective, high-voltage film-forming additive by largely diminishing the capacity fading triggered at high potentials in LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes. While the cells without thiophene show severe capacity fading, cells with an optimized concentration of thiophene exhibit a significant performance improvement. Operando SHINERS detects the presence of a stable CEI. The results suggest that the composition of the CEI is dominated by polythiophene and copolymerization products of ethylene carbonate with thiophene, which protects the electrolyte components from further decomposition. The formation mechanism of the polymeric film was modeled using quantum chemistry calculations, which shows good agreement with the experimental data.
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46
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A gradient oxy-thiophosphate-coated Ni-rich layered oxide cathode for stable all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:146. [PMID: 36627277 PMCID: PMC9832028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High-energy Ni-rich layered oxide cathode materials such as LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) suffer from detrimental side reactions and interfacial structural instability when coupled with sulfide solid-state electrolytes in all-solid-state lithium-based batteries. To circumvent this issue, here we propose a gradient coating of the NMC811 particles with lithium oxy-thiophosphate (Li3P1+xO4S4x). Via atomic layer deposition of Li3PO4 and subsequent in situ formation of a gradient Li3P1+xO4S4x coating, a precise and conformal covering for NMC811 particles is obtained. The tailored surface structure and chemistry of NMC811 hinder the structural degradation associated with the layered-to-spinel transformation in the grain boundaries and effectively stabilize the cathode|solid electrolyte interface during cycling. Indeed, when tested in combination with an indium metal negative electrode and a Li10GeP2S12 solid electrolyte, the gradient oxy-thiophosphate-coated NCM811-based positive electrode enables the delivery of a specific discharge capacity of 128 mAh/g after almost 250 cycles at 0.178 mA/cm2 and 25 °C.
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47
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Lim DA, Shin YK, Seok JH, Hong D, Ahn KH, Lee CH, Kim DW. Cathode Electrolyte Interphase-Forming Additive for Improving Cycling Performance and Thermal Stability of Ni-Rich LiNi xCo yMn 1-x-yO 2 Cathode Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54688-54697. [PMID: 36458341 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-capacity Ni-rich LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (NCM) has been investigated as a promising cathode active material for improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs); however, its practical application is limited by its structural instability and low thermal stability. In this study, we synthesized tetrakis(methacryloyloxyethyl)pyrophosphate (TMAEPPi) as a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) additive to enhance the cycling characteristics and thermal stability of the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) material. TMAEPPi was oxidized to form a uniform Li+-ion-conductive CEI on the cathode surface during initial cycles. A lithium-ion cell (graphite/NCM811) employing a liquid electrolyte containing 0.5 wt % TMAEPPi exhibited superior capacity retention (82.2% after 300 cycles at a 1.0 C rate) and enhanced high-rate performance compared with the cell using a baseline liquid electrolyte. The TMAEPPi-derived CEI layer on NCM811 suppressed electrolyte decomposition and reduced the microcracking of the NCM811 particles. Our results reveal that TMAEPPi is a promising additive for forming stable CEIs and thereby improving the cycling performance and thermal stability of LIBs employing high-capacity NCM cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ae Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Young-Kyeong Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Seok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Dayoung Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Ahn
- Battery R&D, LG Energy Solution, Ltd., Daejeon 34122, South Korea
| | - Chul Haeng Lee
- Battery R&D, LG Energy Solution, Ltd., Daejeon 34122, South Korea
| | - Dong-Won Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
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48
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Ma B, Agrawal S, Gopal R, Bai P. Operando Microscopy Diagnosis of the Onset of Lithium Plating in Transparent Lithium-Ion Full Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54708-54715. [PMID: 36455256 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fast-charging capability is critical for the wide adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), which, however, can result in lithium (Li) plating on the graphite anode and thus aggravate cell degradation and increase the safety risk. Li plating is also prone to occur during charging at low temperatures. In this work, we fabricate Li-ion full cells in transparent glass capillaries to probe the real-time dynamic evolution of the lithiated phases throughout the graphite anode toward the onset of lithium plating during fast charging and under low temperatures. We observed that Li plating can occur well before 70% state of charge (SOC), even at a low C-rate and at room temperature. Our operando experiments provide the direct proof that subtle features in the electrochemical responses are caused by the Li plating, which can be utilized to improve battery management strategy. Mathematical simulations confirm that the local overpotential due to the strong concentration polarization is the root cause of the axial reaction heterogeneity in the graphite anode and the Li plating on the fully lithiated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Ma
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri63130, United States
| | - Shubham Agrawal
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri63130, United States
| | - Rajeev Gopal
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri63130, United States
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri63130, United States
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri63130, United States
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49
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How does saltwater immersion affect the topographic, electrochemical and thermal characteristics of lithium-ion cells? J Loss Prev Process Ind 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2022.104894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Electrochemical investigation of double layer surface-functionalized Li-NMC cathode with nano-composite gel polymer electrolyte for Li-battery applications. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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