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Rah K, Choi B, Kim C. Effective Measures of Thickness Evolution of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase of Graphite Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries. Langmuir 2024; 40:7550-7559. [PMID: 38545765 PMCID: PMC11008243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Upon forming, the intensity or thickness of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in a Li-ion battery (LIB) evolves to various states depending on the cell materials and operation conditions. Despite a crucial role in comprehending the behaviors of an LIB, its quantitative measure is far from satisfactory mainly because of the undue complexity of the concentration profiles of the comprising chemical species. Here, we calculate the depth profiles of atomic mole fractions of C and F and their ratio as RC/F = C/F of graphite anodes for LIBs in comparison to an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiment. To this end, we take a differential equation approach to dC/dt*, where t* is the reduced XPS etching time for depth. As a result, the respective analytical expression derived for C, F, and RC/F(t*) is verified to accurately account for the experiment. Moreover, we show that RC/F(t*) in the j state can be practically expressed in R j ( t * ) ≃ α j ( t * ) 1 / γ + β j , where γ is a constant for a given anode. Based on this, we suggest ξj* = (αi + βi - βj)/αj as a measure of the SEI thickness evolution from the i to j state in terms of the cycle number. As an intriguing finding, the SEI thickness evolves up to about 3 times that of its initial state, beyond which it does not appear to grow any more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunil Rah
- Institute of Battery R&D, LG Energy Solution, 188 Moonji-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, South Korea
| | - Byunghee Choi
- Institute of Battery R&D, LG Energy Solution, 188 Moonji-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, South Korea
| | - Changoh Kim
- Institute of Battery R&D, LG Energy Solution, 188 Moonji-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, South Korea
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2
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Song M, Lee D, Kim J, Choi S, Na I, Seo S, Jo S, Jo C, Lim J. Gas Evolution Kinetics in Overlithiated Positive Electrodes and its Impact on Electrode Design. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2400568. [PMID: 38582504 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Increasing lithium contents within the lattice of positive electrode materials is projected in pursuit of high-energy-density batteries. However, it intensifies the release of lattice oxygen and subsequent gas evolution during operations. This poses significant challenges for managing internal pressure of batteries, particularly in terms of the management of gas evolution in composite electrodes-an area that remains largely unexplored. Conventional assumptions postulate that the total gas evolution is estimated by multiplying the total particle count by the quantities of gas products from an individual particle. Contrarily, this investigation on overlithiated materials-a system known to release the lattice oxygen-demonstrates that loading densities and inter-particle spacing in electrodes significantly govern gas evolution rates, leading to distinct extents of gas formation despite of an equivalent quantity of released lattice oxygen. Remarkably, this study discoveres that O2 and CO2 evolution rates are proportional to 1O2 concentration by the factor of second and first-order, respectively. This indicates an exceptionally greater change in the evolution rate of O2 compared to CO2 depending on local 1O2 concentration. These insights pave new routes for more sophisticated approaches to manage gas evolution within high-energy-density batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munsoo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Danwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikcheon Na
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjae Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugeun Jo
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiho Jo
- LG Energy Solution R&D Center, 188 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Jang HY, Eum D, Cho J, Lim J, Lee Y, Song JH, Park H, Kim B, Kim DH, Cho SP, Jo S, Heo JH, Lee S, Lim J, Kang K. Structurally robust lithium-rich layered oxides for high-energy and long-lasting cathodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1288. [PMID: 38346943 PMCID: PMC10861561 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
O2-type lithium-rich layered oxides, known for mitigating irreversible transition metal migration and voltage decay, provide suitable framework for exploring the inherent properties of oxygen redox. Here, we present a series of O2-type lithium-rich layered oxides exhibiting minimal structural disordering and stable voltage retention even with high anionic redox participation based on the nominal composition. Notably, we observe a distinct asymmetric lattice breathing phenomenon within the layered framework driven by excessive oxygen redox, which includes substantial particle-level mechanical stress and the microcracks formation during cycling. This chemo-mechanical degradation can be effectively mitigated by balancing the anionic and cationic redox capabilities, securing both high discharge voltage (~ 3.43 V vs. Li/Li+) and capacity (~ 200 mAh g-1) over extended cycles. The observed correlation between the oxygen redox capability and the structural evolution of the layered framework suggests the distinct intrinsic capacity fading mechanism that differs from the previously proposed voltage fading mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Young Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggun Eum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiung Cho
- Seoul Western Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Pohang Light Source-II, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 80 Jigok-ro 127 beon-gil, Nam-gu, Pohang, 36763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- Pohang Light Source-II, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 80 Jigok-ro 127 beon-gil, Nam-gu, Pohang, 36763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Park
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Cho
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugeun Jo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Park G, Choi Y, Shin S, Lee Y, Hong S. Nanoscale Visualization of the Electron Conduction Channel in the SiO/Graphite Composite Anode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:30639-30648. [PMID: 35731963 PMCID: PMC9285628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) is widely used to determine the electronic conductivity of a sample surface with nanoscale spatial resolution. However, the origin of possible artifacts has not been widely researched, hindering the accurate and reliable interpretation of C-AFM imaging results. Herein, artifact-free C-AFM is used to observe the electron conduction channels in Si-based composite anodes. The origin of a typical C-AFM artifact induced by surface morphology is investigated using a relevant statistical method that enables visualization of the contribution of artifacts in each C-AFM image. The artifact is suppressed by polishing the sample surface using a cooling cross-section polisher, which is confirmed by Pearson correlation analysis. The artifact-free C-AFM image was used to compare the current signals (before and after cycling) from two different composite anodes comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and carbon black as conductive additives. The relationship between the electrical degradation and morphological evolution of the active materials depending on the conductive additive is discussed to explain the improved electrical and electrochemical properties of the electrode containing SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Shin
- LG
Energy Solution, 188, Moonji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongju Lee
- LG
Energy Solution, 188, Moonji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbum Hong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Doerrer C, Capone I, Narayanan S, Liu J, Grovenor CRM, Pasta M, Grant PS. High Energy Density Single-Crystal NMC/Li 6PS 5Cl Cathodes for All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:37809-37815. [PMID: 34324288 PMCID: PMC8397257 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To match the high capacity of metallic anodes, all-solid-state batteries require high energy density, long-lasting composite cathodes such as Ni-Mn-Co (NMC)-based lithium oxides mixed with a solid-state electrolyte (SSE). However in practice, cathode capacity typically fades due to NMC cracking and increasing NMC/SSE interface debonding because of NMC pulverization, which is only partially mitigated by the application of a high cell pressure during cycling. Using smart processing protocols, we report a single-crystal particulate LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2 and Li6PS5Cl SSE composite cathode with outstanding discharge capacity of 210 mA h g-1 at 30 °C. A first cycle coulombic efficiency of >85, and >99% thereafter, was achieved despite a 5.5% volume change during cycling. A near-practical discharge capacity at a high areal capacity of 8.7 mA h cm-2 was obtained using an asymmetric anode/cathode cycling pressure of only 2.5 MPa/0.2 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac Capone
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | | | - Junliang Liu
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | - Chris R. M. Grovenor
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Mauro Pasta
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Patrick S. Grant
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
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