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Bosmans C, Ginés Rodriguez N, Karperien M, Malda J, Moreira Teixeira L, Levato R, Leijten J. Towards single-cell bioprinting: micropatterning tools for organ-on-chip development. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:739-759. [PMID: 38310021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips (OoCs) hold promise to engineer progressively more human-relevant in vitro models for pharmaceutical purposes. Recent developments have delivered increasingly sophisticated designs, yet OoCs still lack in reproducing the inner tissue physiology required to fully resemble the native human body. This review emphasizes the need to include microarchitectural and microstructural features, and discusses promising avenues to incorporate well-defined microarchitectures down to the single-cell level. We highlight how their integration will significantly contribute to the advancement of the field towards highly organized structural and hierarchical tissues-on-chip. We discuss the combination of state-of-the-art micropatterning technologies to achieve OoCs resembling human-intrinsic complexity. It is anticipated that these innovations will yield significant advances in realization of the next generation of OoC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bosmans
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Núria Ginés Rodriguez
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liliana Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Advanced Organ bioengineering and Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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2
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Wu Y, Yang X, Gupta D, Alioglu MA, Qin M, Ozbolat V, Li Y, Ozbolat IT. Dissecting the Interplay Mechanism among Process Parameters toward the Biofabrication of High-Quality Shapes in Embedded Bioprinting. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2024; 34:2313088. [PMID: 38952568 PMCID: PMC11216718 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202313088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Embedded bioprinting overcomes the barriers associated with the conventional extrusion-based bioprinting process as it enables the direct deposition of bioinks in 3D inside a support bath by providing in situ self-support for deposited bioinks during bioprinting to prevent their collapse and deformation. Embedded bioprinting improves the shape quality of bioprinted constructs made up of soft materials and low-viscosity bioinks, leading to a promising strategy for better anatomical mimicry of tissues or organs. Herein, the interplay mechanism among the printing process parameters toward improved shape quality is critically reviewed. The impact of material properties of the support bath and bioink, printing conditions, cross-linking mechanisms, and post-printing treatment methods, on the printing fidelity, stability, and resolution of the structures is meticulously dissected and thoroughly discussed. Further, the potential scope and applications of this technology in the fields of bioprinting and regenerative medicine are presented. Finally, outstanding challenges and opportunities of embedded bioprinting as well as its promise for fabricating functional solid organs in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Deepak Gupta
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mecit Altan Alioglu
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Minghao Qin
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Veli Ozbolat
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana 01130, Turkey
- Ceyhan Engineering Faculty, Mechanical Engineering Department, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
- Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Tissue Engineering Department, Cukurova University, Adana 01130, Turkey
| | - Yao Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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3
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Wu W, Mu Y. Microfluidic technologies for advanced antimicrobial susceptibility testing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:031504. [PMID: 38855477 PMCID: PMC11162290 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is getting serious and becoming a threat to public health worldwide. The improper and excessive use of antibiotics is responsible for this situation. The standard methods used in clinical laboratories, to diagnose bacterial infections, identify pathogens, and determine susceptibility profiles, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, leaving the empirical antimicrobial therapy as the only option for the first treatment. To prevent the situation from getting worse, evidence-based therapy should be given. The choosing of effective drugs requires powerful diagnostic tools to provide comprehensive information on infections. Recent progress in microfluidics is pushing infection diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to be faster and easier. This review summarizes the recent development in microfluidic assays for rapid identification and AST in bacterial infections. Finally, we discuss the perspective of microfluidic-AST to develop the next-generation infection diagnosis technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Mu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Reid A, Windmill J. Impact of Beam Shape on Print Accuracy in Digital Light Processing Additive Manufacture. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:517-528. [PMID: 38689905 PMCID: PMC11057548 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing requires selectively exposing a feedstock resin to ultraviolet (UV) light, which in digital light processing is achieved either using a digital micromirror device or a digital mask. The minimum tolerances and resolution for a multilayer process are separate for resolution through the Z-axis, looking through the thickness of a printed part, and resolution in the XY-axes, in the plane of the printed layer. The former depends wholly on the rate of attenuation of the incident UV light through the material relative to the mechanical motion of the build layer, while the latter is determined by a two-dimensional pattern of irradiance on the resin formed by the digital micromirror device or the digital mask. The size or the spacing of elements or pixels of this digital mask is frequently given by manufacturers as the "resolution" of the device, however, in practice the achievable resolution is first determined by the beam distribution from each pixel. The beam distribution is, as standard, modeled as a two-parameter Gaussian distribution but the key parameters of peak intensity and standard deviation of the beam are hidden to the user and difficult to measure directly. The ability of models based on the Gaussian distribution to correctly predict the polymerization of printed features in the microscale is also typically poor. In this study, we demonstrate an alternative model of beam distribution based on a heavy-tailed Lorentzian model, which is able to more accurately predict small build areas for both positive and negative features. We show a simple calibration method to derive the key space parameters of the beam distribution from measurements of a single-layer printed model. We propose that the standard Gaussian model is insufficient to accurately predict a print outcome as it neglects higher-order terms, such as beam skew and kurtosis, and in particular failing to account for the relatively heavy tails of the beam distribution. Our results demonstrate how the amendments to the beam distribution can avoid errors in microchannel formation, and better estimates of the true XY-axes resolution of the printer. The results can be used as the basis for voxel-based models of print solidification that allow software prediction of the photopolymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Reid
- Center for Ultrasonic Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James Windmill
- Center for Ultrasonic Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Zoheir AE, Stolle C, Rabe KS. Microfluidics for adaptation of microorganisms to stress: design and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:162. [PMID: 38252163 PMCID: PMC10803453 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems have fundamentally transformed the realm of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) for microorganisms by offering unparalleled control over environmental conditions, thereby optimizing mutant generation and desired trait selection. This review summarizes the substantial influence of microfluidic technologies and their design paradigms on microbial adaptation, with a primary focus on leveraging spatial stressor concentration gradients to enhance microbial growth in challenging environments. Specifically, microfluidic platforms tailored for scaled-down ALE processes not only enable highly autonomous and precise setups but also incorporate novel functionalities. These capabilities encompass fostering the growth of biofilms alongside planktonic cells, refining selection gradient profiles, and simulating adaptation dynamics akin to natural habitats. The integration of these aspects enables shaping phenotypes under pressure, presenting an unprecedented avenue for developing robust, stress-resistant strains, a feat not easily attainable using conventional ALE setups. The versatility of these microfluidic systems is not limited to fundamental research but also offers promising applications in various areas of stress resistance. As microfluidic technologies continue to evolve and merge with cutting-edge methodologies, they possess the potential not only to redefine the landscape of microbial adaptation studies but also to expedite advancements in various biotechnological areas. KEY POINTS: • Microfluidics enable precise microbial adaptation in controlled gradients. • Microfluidic ALE offers insights into stress resistance and distinguishes between resistance and persistence. • Integration of adaptation-influencing factors in microfluidic setups facilitates efficient generation of stress-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Zoheir
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Camilla Stolle
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG-1), Biomolecular Micro- and Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG-1), Biomolecular Micro- and Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang Z, Lin J, Ju F. Cost-Efficient Micro-Well Array-Based Colorimetric Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (MacAST) for Bacteria from Culture or Community. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1028. [PMID: 38131788 PMCID: PMC10741774 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and cost-efficient antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is key to timely prescription-oriented diagnosis and precision treatment. However, current AST methods have limitations in throughput or cost effectiveness, and are impractical for microbial communities. Here, we developed a high-throughput micro-well array-based colorimetric AST (macAST) system equipped with a self-developed smartphone application that could efficiently test sixteen combinations of bacteria strains and antibiotics, achieving comparable AST results based on resazurin metabolism assay. For community samples, we integrated immunomagnetic separation into the macAST (imacAST) system to specifically enrich the target cells before testing, which shortened bacterial isolation time from days to only 45 min and achieved AST of the target bacteria with a low concentration (~103 CFU/mL). This proof-of-concept study developed a high-throughput AST system with an at least ten-fold reduction in cost compared with a system equipped with a microscope or Raman spectrum. Based on colorimetric readout, the antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria from microbial communities can be delivered within 6 h, compared to days being required based on standard procedures, bypassing the need for precise instrumentation in therapy to combat bacterial antibiotic resistance in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Qiu J, Li J, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Nie B, Qi G, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wei R. 3D Printing of Individualized Microfluidic Chips with DLP-Based Printer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6984. [PMID: 37959581 PMCID: PMC10650121 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips have shown their potential for applications in fields such as chemistry and biology, and 3D printing is increasingly utilized as the fabrication method for microfluidic chips. To address key issues such as the long printing time for conventional 3D printing of a single chip and the demand for rapid response in individualized microfluidic chip customization, we have optimized the use of DLP (digital light processing) technology, which offers faster printing speeds due to its surface exposure method. In this study, we specifically focused on developing a fast-manufacturing process for directly printing microfluidic chips, addressing the high cost of traditional microfabrication processes and the lengthy production times associated with other 3D printing methods for microfluidic chips. Based on the designed three-dimensional chip model, we utilized a DLP-based printer to directly print two-dimensional and three-dimensional microfluidic chips with photosensitive resin. To overcome the challenge of clogging in printing microchannels, we proposed a printing method that combined an open-channel design with transparent adhesive tape sealing. This method enables the rapid printing of microfluidic chips with complex and intricate microstructures. This research provides a crucial foundation for the development of microfluidic chips in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Qiu
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junfu Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhongwei Guo
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bangbang Nie
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guochen Qi
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronghan Wei
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Shao H, Zhang T, Gong Y, He Y. Silver-Containing Biomaterials for Biomedical Hard Tissue Implants. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300932. [PMID: 37300754 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection caused by biomaterials is a very serious problem in the clinical treatment of implants. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted other antibacterial agents to replace traditional antibiotics. Silver is rapidly developing as an antibacterial candidate material to inhibit bone infections due to its significant advantages such as high antibacterial timeliness, high antibacterial efficiency, and less susceptibility to bacterial resistance. However, silver has strong cytotoxicity, which can cause inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress, thereby destroying tissue regeneration, making the application of silver-containing biomaterials extremely challenging. In this paper, the application of silver in biomaterials is reviewed, focusing on the following three issues: 1) how to ensure the excellent antibacterial properties of silver, and not easy to cause bacterial resistance; 2) how to choose the appropriate method to combine silver with biomaterials; 3) how to make silver-containing biomaterials in hard tissue implants have further research. Following a brief introduction, the discussion focuses on the application of silver-containing biomaterials, with an emphasis on the effects of silver on the physicochemical properties, structural properties, and biological properties of biomaterials. Finally, the review concludes with the authors' perspectives on the challenges and future directions of silver in commercialization and in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Shao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Zhejiang Guanlin Machinery Limited Company, Anji, Hangzhou, 313300, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Youping Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Doganay MT, Chelliah CJ, Tozluyurt A, Hujer AM, Obaro SK, Gurkan U, Patel R, Bonomo RA, Draz M. 3D Printed Materials for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2023; 67:371-398. [PMID: 37790286 PMCID: PMC10545363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a rapidly growing technology with a significant capacity for translational applications in both biology and medicine. 3D-printed living and non-living materials are being widely tested as a potential replacement for conventional solutions for testing and combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The precise control of cells and their microenvironment, while simulating the complexity and dynamics of an in vivo environment, provides an excellent opportunity to advance the modeling and treatment of challenging infections and other health conditions. 3D-printing models the complicated niches of microbes and host-pathogen interactions, and most importantly, how microbes develop resistance to antibiotics. In addition, 3D-printed materials can be applied to testing and delivering antibiotics. Here, we provide an overview of 3D printed materials and biosystems and their biomedical applications, focusing on ever increasing AMR. Recent applications of 3D printing to alleviate the impact of AMR, including developed bioprinted systems, targeted bacterial infections, and tested antibiotics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Tunca Doganay
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cyril John Chelliah
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Abdullah Tozluyurt
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrea M Hujer
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Umut Gurkan
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES) Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Draz
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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10
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Needs SH, Pivetal J, Hayward J, Kidd SP, Lam H, Diep T, Gill K, Woodward M, Reis NM, Edwards AD. Moving microcapillary antibiotic susceptibility testing (mcAST) towards the clinic: unravelling kinetics of detection of uropathogenic E. coli, mass-manufacturing and usability for detection of urinary tract infections in human urine. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2023; 2:736-750. [PMID: 37216011 PMCID: PMC10197089 DOI: 10.1039/d2sd00138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Innovation in infection based point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics is vital to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics and the development of antimicrobial resistance. Several groups including our research team have in recent years successfully miniaturised phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) of isolated bacterial strains, providing validation that miniaturised AST can match conventional microbiological methods. Some studies have also shown the feasibility of direct testing (without isolation or purification), specifically for urinary tract infections, paving the way for direct microfluidic AST systems at PoC. As rate of bacteria growth is intrinsically linked to the temperature of incubation, transferring miniaturised AST nearer the patient requires building new capabilities in terms of temperature control at PoC, furthermore widespread clinical use will require mass-manufacturing of microfluidic test strips and direct testing of urine samples. This study shows for the first-time application of microcapillary antibiotic susceptibility testing (mcAST) directly from clinical samples, using minimal equipment and simple liquid handling, and with kinetics of growth recorded using a smartphone camera. A complete PoC-mcAST system was presented and tested using 12 clinical samples sent to a clinical laboratory for microbiological analysis. The test showed 100% accuracy for determining bacteria in urine above the clinical threshold (5 out of 12 positive) and achieved 95% categorical agreement for 5 positive urines tested with 4 antibiotics (nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim and cephalexin) within 6 h compared to the reference standard overnight AST method. A kinetic model is presented for metabolization of resazurin, demonstrating kinetics of degradation of resazurin in microcapillaries follow those observed for a microtiter plate, with time for AST dependent on the initial CFU ml-1 of uropathogenic bacteria in the urine sample. In addition, we show for the first time that use of air-drying for mass-manufacturing and deposition of AST reagents within the inner surface of mcAST strips matches results obtained with standard AST methods. These results take mcAST a step closer to clinical application, for example as PoC support for antibiotic prescription decisions within a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Needs
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights Campus Reading RG6 6AD UK +44(0)7906014116 +44(0)118 378 4253
| | - Jeremy Pivetal
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights Campus Reading RG6 6AD UK +44(0)7906014116 +44(0)118 378 4253
| | - Jessica Hayward
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights Campus Reading RG6 6AD UK +44(0)7906014116 +44(0)118 378 4253
| | - Stephen P Kidd
- Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital Basingstoke RG24 9NA UK
| | - HoYin Lam
- Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital Basingstoke RG24 9NA UK
| | - Tai Diep
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights Campus Reading RG6 6AD UK +44(0)7906014116 +44(0)118 378 4253
| | - Kiran Gill
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights Campus Reading RG6 6AD UK +44(0)7906014116 +44(0)118 378 4253
| | - Martin Woodward
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Reading Whiteknights Campus Reading RG6 6DX UK
| | - Nuno M Reis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Biodevices and Bioelectronics (C3Bio), University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK +44(0)1225 383 369
- Capillary Film Technology (CFT) Daux Road Billingshurst RH14 9SJ UK
| | - Alexander D Edwards
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights Campus Reading RG6 6AD UK +44(0)7906014116 +44(0)118 378 4253
- Capillary Film Technology (CFT) Daux Road Billingshurst RH14 9SJ UK
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Wu Y, Su H, Li M, Xing H. Digital light processing-based multi-material bioprinting: Processes, applications, and perspectives. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:527-542. [PMID: 36436142 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology based on digital light processing (DLP) has developed rapidly and shown application prospects in several fields such as pneumatic robotics, flexible electronics, and tissue engineering. In particular, DLP-based multi-material printing has been capable of constructing heterogeneous 3D structures with characteristic gradients. DLP 3D printing technology has a wide range of applications in the field of bioprinting due to its high precision and mild printing conditions, including functionalized artificial tissues, medical models, and bioreactors. This paper focuses on the development of DLP-based multi-material 3D printing technology and its applications in the field of bioprinting, followed by giving an outlook on future efforts on overcoming the challenges and obstacles of this promising technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Su
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huayang Xing
- Hangzhou AimingMed Technologies, Hangzhou, China
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Flow Regulation Performance Analysis of Microfluidic Passive Valve for High Throughput Liquid Delivery. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050687. [PMID: 35630154 PMCID: PMC9143073 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic passive valve (MPV) is important for precise flow control, and it determines the reliability of the microfluidic system. In this paper, a novel MPV capable of delivering a constant flow rate independently of inlet pressure changes is proposed. The flow rate of the MPV is adjusted by the difference between the fluid force on the upper surface of the valve core and the spring force. The constant flow rate of the MPV is maintained by automatically changing the size of the gap channel formed by the groove on the valve core and the baffle on the valve body. The nearly constant flow rate of the MPV is 6.26 mL/min, with a variation of 6.5% under the inlet pressure varied from 1.25 kPa to 3.5 kPa. In addition, the flow characteristics of the MPV are analyzed by numerical simulation. With the increase in the inlet pressure, the maximum velocity gradually increases, while the increment of the maximum velocity decreases. In the movement process of the valve core, the region of pressure drop becomes larger. This work has a certain reference value for the design and research of the MPVs with high throughput liquid delivery.
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