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Chanthasa C, Sazawa K, Kuramitz H. Removal of humic acid interference in soil enzymatic analysis using poly-γ-glutamic acid. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:123-129. [PMID: 36404370 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soil enzymes are biological indicators in environmental and agricultural monitoring. However, brownish humic acid (HA) in samples interferes significantly with various analytical methods, especially in optical-based techniques. Here, we implemented a coagulation-flocculation process to carry out continuously an enzymatic reaction without separation and transfer of a sample solution. The elimination of HA in a soil suspension using poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) by coagulation to minimize the HA interference in soil enzymatic analysis was investigated. As a result of the optimization of preliminary parameters, the removal efficiency of HA was > 92% in 100 mg L-1 HA in neutral pH, using 100 mg L-1 PGA and aluminum trivalent as a coagulant aid. However, the fluorescent intensity of the enzyme product (i.e., 4-methylumbelliferone) decreases by about 50% as HA was removed under the conditions used. A decrease in the enzymatic detection of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was not observed from treated samples even though the initial level of HA was different. The results suggested that the coagulation-flocculation approach is suitable for the reduction of HA interference, while maintaining target analyte detection. Therefore, the proposed sample treatment can be used to examine enzyme activity based on TMB product detection without regular standard addition calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanika Chanthasa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuto Sazawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Kuramitz
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
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Minowa S, Maeda H. Preparation of Hydrogarnet/Poly(Lactic Acid) Composite Adsorbents for Humic Substance Removal. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:336. [PMID: 36614675 PMCID: PMC9822153 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances are constituents of organic matter that require removal from water environments because of their adverse ecological and sanitation effects. A mixture of hydrogarnet and poly(lactic acid) dissolved in chloroform was electrospun to prepare a composite as a adsorbent for humic substance removal. Here, humic acid was used as the model substance for evaluating the adsorbent's water remediation efficiency. Despite the hydrogarnet particles being embedded in its poly(lactic acid) fibers, the composites demonstrated a higher humic acid removal ability than the pure poly(lactic acid) sample prepared using an electrospinning process. Pores were introduced to the fiber surfaces of the composite by controlling the relative humidity during electrospinning, thus enhancing their humic acid removal ability (4.6 ± 2.4 mg/g), compared to the composite consisting of the fibers without pores (1.2 ± 0.9 mg/g).
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Moussavi SP, Kadier A, Singh R, Ashoori R, Shirinkar M, Lu J, Zaidi NS, Sher F. Superior removal of humic acid from aqueous stream using novel calf bones charcoal nanoadsorbent in a reversible process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134673. [PMID: 35461895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While the potable water disinfection regimen has significantly reduced waterborne diseases, development of disinfection byproducts (DBP) during this process has brought a global threat to the environment and human health. The most notorious water pollutant, humic acid (HA), transforms into carcinogenic byproducts during the disinfection process (chlorination) of water treatment. HA removal methods are neither economic nor widely available. This study addresses the most urgent global issue of HA removal by developing an innovative and self-regenerative process based on a low-cost and self-regenerative calf bone char (CBC) that removed 92.1-100% of HA. CBC-based HA removal has not been described yet. The developed CBC, as a super adsorbent of HA, was initially characterized by a scanning electron microscope. Various parameters of adsorption/desorption and self-regeneration of CBC adsorbent were experimentally determined. Results show that prepared CBC with a 112 m2/g surface area exhibited adsorption of 38.08 mg/g (HA = 20 mg/L, pH = 4.0) which is several folds higher than the typical amount of HA present in water. The 30 m reaction time was enough to remove HA which is the shorter HA time in comparison to other similar studies. The increase of HA from 0.5 to 5 g/L, raises % HA removal (36.7-99.8%) while a pH decrease (10-4) increases adsorption (12.3-98.3%). The adsorption data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm which demonstrate that adsorption takes place by a monolayer formation. Thermodynamic constants supported the endothermic, spontaneous and reversible nature of adsorption which can attain 100% HA removal. 100% regeneration of exhausted CBC by NaOH further supports the sustainability of the process. CBC as a new adsorbent material thus provides an economical and sustainable water pre-treatment procedure. The present study provides technical guidance for building a cost-effective and scalable process capable of providing clean water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Raghuveer Singh
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Razieh Ashoori
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirinkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
| | - Nur Syamimi Zaidi
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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Maeda H, Suzumura K, Kasuga T. Removal of humic acid from aqueous solutions by a novel hydrogarnet/zeolite composite. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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