1
|
Pascual J, Flatken M, Félix R, Li G, Turren‐Cruz S, Aldamasy MH, Hartmann C, Li M, Di Girolamo D, Nasti G, Hüsam E, Wilks RG, Dallmann A, Bär M, Hoell A, Abate A. Fluoridchemie in Zinn‐Halogenid‐Perowskiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pascual
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Marion Flatken
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Roberto Félix
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Guixiang Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
| | | | - Mahmoud H. Aldamasy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Cairo Ägypten
| | - Claudia Hartmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Meng Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Diego Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering University of Naples Federico II 80125 Naples Italien
| | - Giuseppe Nasti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering University of Naples Federico II 80125 Naples Italien
| | - Elif Hüsam
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Regan G. Wilks
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
| | - André Dallmann
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Marcus Bär
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Department for X-ray Spectroscopy at Interfaces of Thin Films Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HIERN) 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Armin Hoell
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering University of Naples Federico II 80125 Naples Italien
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pascual J, Flatken M, Félix R, Li G, Turren-Cruz SH, Aldamasy MH, Hartmann C, Li M, Di Girolamo D, Nasti G, Hüsam E, Wilks RG, Dallmann A, Bär M, Hoell A, Abate A. Fluoride Chemistry in Tin Halide Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21583-21591. [PMID: 34228886 PMCID: PMC8518082 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tin is the frontrunner for substituting toxic lead in perovskite solar cells. However, tin suffers the detrimental oxidation of SnII to SnIV . Most of reported strategies employ SnF2 in the perovskite precursor solution to prevent SnIV formation. Nevertheless, the working mechanism of this additive remains debated. To further elucidate it, we investigate the fluoride chemistry in tin halide perovskites by complementary analytical tools. NMR analysis of the precursor solution discloses a strong preferential affinity of fluoride anions for SnIV over SnII , selectively complexing it as SnF4 . Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on films shows the lower tendency of SnF4 than SnI4 to get included in the perovskite structure, hence preventing the inclusion of SnIV in the film. Finally, small-angle X-ray scattering reveals the strong influence of fluoride on the colloidal chemistry of precursor dispersions, directly affecting perovskite crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pascual
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marion Flatken
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Félix
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guixiang Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mahmoud H Aldamasy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany.,Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Claudia Hartmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diego Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nasti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Elif Hüsam
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regan G Wilks
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Dallmann
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Bär
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Department for X-ray Spectroscopy at Interfaces of Thin Films, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HIERN), 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Hoell
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai D, Wang H, Bai Y, Najar A, Saleh N, Wang L, Liu SF. ASnX
3
—Better than Pb‐based Perovskite. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Bai
- Shaanxi Normal University No. 620, West Chang'an Street, Chang'an district Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 China
| | - Haoxu Wang
- Shaanxi Normal University No. 620, West Chang'an Street, Chang'an district Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 China
- The University of Queensland, Queensland, Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Yang Bai
- The University of Queensland, Queensland, Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Adel Najar
- United Arab Emirates University Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Na'il Saleh
- United Arab Emirates University Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- The University of Queensland, Queensland, Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Shaanxi Normal University No. 620, West Chang'an Street, Chang'an district Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Dalian China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hartmann C, Gupta S, Bendikov T, Kozina X, Kunze T, Félix R, Hodes G, Wilks RG, Cahen D, Bär M. Impact of SnF 2 Addition on the Chemical and Electronic Surface Structure of CsSnBr 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12353-12361. [PMID: 32045207 PMCID: PMC7307835 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the chemical and electronic structure of cesium tin bromide (CsSnBr3) and how it is impacted by the addition of 20 mol % tin fluoride (SnF2) to the precursor solution, using both surface-sensitive lab-based soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-surface bulk-sensitive synchrotron-based hard XPS (HAXPES). To determine the reproducibility and reliability of conclusions, several (nominally identically prepared) sample sets were investigated. The effects of deposition reproducibility, handling, and transport are found to cause significant changes in the measured properties of the films. Variations in the HAXPES-derived compositions between individual sample sets were observed, but in general, they confirm that the addition of 20 mol % SnF2 improves coverage of the titanium dioxide substrate by CsSnBr3 and decreases the oxidation of SnII to SnIV while also suppressing formation of secondary Br and Cs species. Furthermore, the (surface) composition is found to be Cs-deficient and Sn-rich compared to the nominal stoichiometry. The valence band (VB) shows a SnF2-induced redistribution of Sn 5s-derived density of states, reflecting the changing SnII/SnIV ratio. Notwithstanding some variability in the data, we conclude that SnF2 addition decreases the energy difference between the VB maximum of CsSnBr3 and the Fermi level, which we explain by defect chemistry considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hartmann
- Interface
Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für
Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Satyajit Gupta
- Department
of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann
Institute of Science (WIS), 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhilai, GEC Campus, Chhattisgarh 492015, India
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Chemical
Research Support Unit, Weizmann Institute
of Science (WIS), Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Xeniya Kozina
- Interface
Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für
Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Kunze
- Interface
Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für
Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Félix
- Interface
Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für
Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department
of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann
Institute of Science (WIS), 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
- E-mail: (G.H.)
| | - Regan G. Wilks
- Interface
Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für
Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Energy
Materials In-Situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH
(HZB), 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Cahen
- Department
of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann
Institute of Science (WIS), 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
- E-mail: (D.C.)
| | - Marcus Bär
- Interface
Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für
Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Energy
Materials In-Situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH
(HZB), 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute
Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH (HZB), 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- E-mail: (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|