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Khodadadi M, Gibbs M, Swales A, Toloza A, Blake WH. Anthropogenic and climatic impacts on historic sediment, carbon, and phosphorus accumulation rates using 210Pb ex and 137Cs in a sub-watershed linked to Zarivar Lake, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:887. [PMID: 39230772 PMCID: PMC11374916 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
To estimate a watershed's response to climate change, it is crucial to understand how human activities and climatic extremes have interacted over time. Over the last century, the Zarivar Lake watershed, Iran, has been subjected to various anthropogenic activates, including deforestation and inappropriate land-management practices alongside the implementation of conservation measures like check dams. To understand the effects of these changes on the magnitude of sediment, organic carbon (OC), and phosphorus supplies in a small sub-watershed connected to the lake over the last century, a lake sediment core was dated using 210Pbex and 137Cs as geochronometers. The average mass accumulation rate (MAR), organic carbon accumulation rates (OCAR), and particulate phosphorus accumulation rates (PPAR) of the sediment core were determined to be 6498 ± 2475, 205 ± 85, and 8.9 ± 3.3 g m-2 year-1, respectively. Between the late 1970s and early 1980s, accumulation rates were significantly higher than their averages at 7940 ± 3120, 220 ± 60, and 12.0 ± 2.8 g m-2 year-1 respectively. During this period, the watershed underwent extensive deforestation (12%) on steep slopes, coinciding with higher mean annual precipitations (more than double). Conversely, after 2009, when check dams were installed in the sub-watershed, the sediment load to the lake became negligible. The results of this research indicate that anthropogenic activities had a pronounced effect on MAR, OCAR, and PPAR, causing them to fluctuate from negligible amounts to values twice the averages over the last century, amplified by climatic factors. These results imply that implementing climate-smart watershed management strategies, such as constructing additional check dams and terraces, reinforcing restrictions on deforestation, and minimum tillage practices, can facilitate protection of lacustrine ecosystems under accelerating climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Khodadadi
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Max Gibbs
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Swales
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Arsenio Toloza
- Soil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition Section and Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - William H Blake
- School of Geography, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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Moradi E, Ghafari H, Ghorbani F. Heavy metal concentrations in Caspian pond turtle (Mauremys caspica) in Zarivar International Wetland, Kurdistan Province of Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89691-89697. [PMID: 35859237 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the cadmium, lead, and zinc levels in the blood and shell of Caspian pond turtles (Mauremys caspica) were investigated at five stations in Zarivar International Wetland in Kurdistan Province. All specimens were released at their capture locations within 2 h of capture. Water samples were collected at each station. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations were 0.04, 32.10, and 11.45 mg/l in blood samples; 1.82, 16.91, and 89.22 mg/l in shell samples; 0.005, 1.30, and 0.07 mg/l in water samples, respectively. In this study, the highest metal adsorption was zinc and was observed in shell. According to the results of this study, the shell of the Caspian Pond Turtle can be used to estimate the concentration of heavy metals. Our results suggest that Caspian pond turtle can be used as a biological indicator to estimate heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Moradi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Hanyeh Ghafari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran.
- Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Farshid Ghorbani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
- Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Wang X, Gao N, Liang Y, Liu F, Hong X, Zhou X, Sun L, Li H, Fang T. Chronological deposition record of trace metals in sediment cores from Chaohu Lake, Anhui Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:843. [PMID: 36175568 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lakes located in the mid-low reaches of the Yangtze River watershed have been subjected to various degrees of human perturbation that would have resulted in toxic metal concentrations and would pose potential risk to the natural habitats. Therefore, in the present study, two sediment cores from Chaohu Lake were collected to determine any such concentration, expressed as the enrichment characteristics of major and trace metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, and Ni) in response to natural and anthropogenic changes. An approximate 180-year (1840-2021) deposition record of trace metals in sediment cores was obtained on the basis of 137Cs and 210Pb dating. Enrichment factors (EFs) and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were adopted to evaluate the enrichment state and pollution status of trace metals. The results showed that Cu and Zn were persistently more enriched in sediment, whereas Mn, Pb, Cd, and Hg has shown remarkable increasing trends in the west lake since the 1970s. Evaluation of the Igeo confirmed that sediment was moderately polluted with Cu and Zn within the whole lake and with Cd in the west lake area, whereas it was uncontaminated with Cr and slightly contaminated with other metals. Furthermore, source identification based on multivariate statistical analysis including correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis suggested similar pollution sources for the studied metals. Combined with the natural and anthropogenic changes within the watershed, enhanced soil erosion due to population expansion and agricultural intensification was a major contributor to sedimentary metals before the 1970s while industrial wastewater, urban runoff, and domestic sewage were predominant inputs of trace metals after the 1970s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Na Gao
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Yangyang Liang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Xiuping Hong
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Xiujie Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Liqiang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Ting Fang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230000, China.
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Spatial distribution and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediments of East Dongting Lake, China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7940. [PMID: 35562582 PMCID: PMC9106674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dongting Lake is one of the most important inland freshwater lakes in China. To investigate the spatial distribution and seasonal variation characteristics of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the lake, 53 surface sediment samples were collected in the East Dongting Lake (ED Lake) in the wet and dry seasons. Results show Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb contents were 1.7 (1.9), 1.8 (2.0), 2.9 (3.0), 1.9 (1.9), 11.7 (13.1), and 2.0 (2.2)-fold of their geochemical soil background values of Hunan province (China) in the wet (dry) season. Spatial and seasonal heterogeneity could be found in the distribution of Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the surface sediments. The enrichment factor (EF) suggested that Cd has reached severe enrichment in the sediment. The result of the geo-accumulation index (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${I}_{geo}$$\end{document}Igeo) indicated that Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, and Pb were at levels corresponding to low contamination, and moderately to highly polluted with Cd. Multivariate statistical analysis including pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis was used for the identification of potential sources of the heavy metals in the sediments. The results showed that Cu, Zn, and Pb from the sediments of the East Dongting Lake in the wet and dry seasons were possibly anthropogenic sources, such as emissions from mining and smelting while Al, Fe, and Cr are attributed for natural sources. Cd enrichment in the sediments is influenced by both natural factors, and human activities in local areas.
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Noori R, Ansari E, Bhattarai R, Tang Q, Aradpour S, Maghrebi M, Torabi Haghighi A, Bengtsson L, Kløve B. Complex dynamics of water quality mixing in a warm mono-mictic reservoir. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146097. [PMID: 33684749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cycling of water quality constituents in lakes is affected by thermal stratification and homo-thermal conditions and other factors such as oligotrophication, eutrophication, and microbial activities. In addition, hydrological variability can cause greater differences in water residence time and cycling of constituents in man-made lakes (reservoirs) than in natural lakes. Thus, investigations are needed on vertical mixing of constituents in new impounded reservoirs, especially those constructed to supply domestic water. In this study, sampling campaigns were conducted in the Sabalan reservoir, Iran, to investigate vertical changes in constituent concentrations during the year in periods with thermal stratification and homo-thermal conditions. The results revealed incomplete mixing of constituents, even during cold months when the reservoir was homo-thermal. These conditions interacted to create a bottom-up regulated reservoir with sediment that released settled pollutants, impairing water quality in the Sabalan reservoir during both thermal stratification and homo-thermal conditions. Analysis of total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations revealed that the reservoir was eutrophic. External pollution loads, internal cycling of pollutants diffusing out from bottom sediments, reductions in inflow to the reservoir, and reservoir operations regulated vertical mixing and concentrations of constituents in the Sabalan reservoir throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Noori
- Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Elmira Ansari
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rabin Bhattarai
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Qiuhong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Saber Aradpour
- Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Art, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Maghrebi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Torabi Haghighi
- Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Lars Bengtsson
- Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, Box 117, 221 007 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bjørn Kløve
- Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
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Nodefarahani M, Aradpour S, Noori R, Tang Q, Partani S, Klöve B. Metal pollution assessment in surface sediments of Namak Lake, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45639-45649. [PMID: 32803606 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation of the Namak Lake (NL) can result in the release of fine-grained dust contaminated with heavy metals, while there is little information available on the propagation of metals in the bed sediments of this lake. In this study, contamination of metals in the surface sediments of the NL was analyzed and the pollution status of sediments was assessed using geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), the consensus-based sediment quality guidelines (CBSQGs), and mean probable effect concentration quotient (mPECQ). Results indicated that metal concentrations at the southern part were higher than at the middle and northern parts of the lake. Possible reasons are (i) pollution loads mainly entered the lake through the rivers at the west and northwest, but accumulated at the southern parts, (ii) hard layer of salt covering the bottom of the NL at the northern part suppresses adsorption of metals to the sediment, and (iii) the muddy nature of sediments at the southern part makes it easier for metals to be absorbed. EF results showed that sediments at the southern part of the lake were moderately enriched with lead (Pb). The low Igeo values suggested no pollution with the metals, and CBSQG values showed that the sediments of the NL were not toxic, while the mPECQ index suggested a toxicity probability of less than 25%. Cluster analysis classified the metals into two clusters. In general, the results showed that metal pollution in the surface sediments of NL was generally low although the concentration of Pb at the southern part of the lake was worrisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Nodefarahani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Art, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Aradpour
- Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Art, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roohollah Noori
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran.
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Qiuhong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sadegh Partani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bojnord, 9453155111, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Bjön Klöve
- Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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