1
|
Bakir M, Jiménez MS, Laborda F, Slaveykova VI. Exploring the impact of silver-based nanomaterial feed additives on green algae through single-cell techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173564. [PMID: 38806122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Silver in its various forms, including dissolved silver ions (Ag+) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), is a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics, largely used in livestock as feed additives and could contribute to the decrease and avoidance of the development of antibiotic resistance. The present study aims to assess the potential ecotoxicity of a silver-based nanomaterial (Ag-kaolin), the feed supplemented with the nanomaterial and the faeces since the latter are the ones that finally reach the environment. To this end, green alga Raphidocellis subcapitata was exposed to the extracts of Ag-kaolin, supplemented feed, and pig faeces for 72 h, along with Ag+ and AgNPs as controls for comparison purposes. Given the complexity of the studied materials, single-cell techniques were used to follow the changes in the cell numbers and chlorophyll fluorescence by flow cytometry, and the accumulation of silver in the exposed cells by single cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC-ICP-MS). Changes in cell morphology were observed by cell imaging multimode reader. The results revealed a decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence, even at low concentrations of Ag-kaolin (10 μg L-1) after 48 h of exposure. Additionally, complete growth inhibition was found with this material like the results obtained by exposure to Ag+. For the supplemented feed, a concentration of 50 μg L-1 was necessary to achieve complete growth inhibition. However, the behaviour differed for the leachate of faeces, which released Ag2S and AgCl alongside Ag+ and AgNPs. At 50 μg L-1, inhibition was minimal, primarily due to the predominance of less toxic Ag2S in the leachate. The uptake of silver by the cells was confirmed with all the samples through SC-ICP-MS analysis. These findings demonstrate that the use of Ag-kaolin as a feed supplement will lead to a low environmental impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Bakir
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 66 Blvd Carl-Vogt, CH 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA) University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María S Jiménez
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA) University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Laborda
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA) University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 66 Blvd Carl-Vogt, CH 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shukla K, Mishra V, Singh J, Varshney V, Verma R, Srivastava S. Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: A double-edged sword. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5675-5688. [PMID: 38285130 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing discipline that has the potential to transform the way we approach problems in a variety of fields, including agriculture. The use of nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture has gained popularity in recent years. It has various applications in agriculture, such as the development of nanoscale materials and devices to boost agricultural productivity, enhance food quality and safety, improve the efficiency of water and nutrient usage, and reduce environmental pollution. Nanotechnology has proven to be very beneficial in this field, particularly in the development of nanoscale delivery systems for agrochemicals such as pesticides, fertilizers, and growth regulators. These nanoscale delivery technologies offer various benefits over conventional delivery systems, including better penetration and distribution, enhanced efficacy, and lower environmental impact. Encapsulating agrochemicals in nanoscale particles enables direct delivery to the targeted site in the plant, thereby reducing waste and minimizing off-target effects. Plants are fundamental building blocks of all ecosystems and evaluating the interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and plants is a crucial aspect of risk assessment. This critical review therefore aims to provide an overview of the latest advances regarding the positive and negative effects of nanotechnology in agriculture. It also explores potential future research directions focused on ensuring the safe utilization of NPs in this field, which could lead to sustainable development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Shukla
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vishnu Mishra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jawahar Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- University of Cambridge, Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), Cambridge, UK
| | - Vishal Varshney
- Department of Botany, Govt. Shaheed GendSingh College, Charama, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Rajnandini Verma
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Andrade VS, Ale A, Antezana PE, Desimone MF, Cazenave J, Gutierrez MF. Environmental factors modify silver nanoparticles ecotoxicity in Chydorus eurynotus (Cladocera). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02766-8. [PMID: 38861073 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most produced nanomaterials in the world and are incorporated into several products due to their biocide and physicochemical properties. Since freshwater bodies are AgNPs main final sink, several consequences for biota are expected to occur. With the hypothesis that AgNPs can interact with environmental factors, we analyzed their ecotoxicity in combination with humic acids and algae. In addition to the specific AgNPs behavior in the media, we analyzed the mortality, growth, and phototactic behavior of Chydorus eurynotus (Cladocera) as response variables. While algae promoted Ag+ release, humic acids reduced it by adsorption, and their combination resulted in an intermediated Ag+ release. AgNPs affected C. eurynotus survival and growth, but algae and humic acids reduced AgNPs lethality, especially when combined. The humic acids mitigated AgNP effects in C. eurynotus growth, and both factors improved its phototactic behavior. It is essential to deepen the study of the isolated and combined influences of environmental factors on the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles to achieve accurate predictions under realistic exposure scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Analía Ale
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo Edmundo Antezana
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Federico Desimone
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Cazenave
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FHUC-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramon Carrillo", Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mosleminejad N, Ghasemi Z, Johari SA. Ionic and nanoparticulate silver alleviate the toxicity of inorganic mercury in marine microalga Chaetoceros muelleri. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19206-19225. [PMID: 38355858 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Toxicological effects of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) in different organisms have been studied; however, interactions of SNPs with other environmental pollutants such as mercury are poorly understood. Herein, bioassay tests were performed according to ΟECD 201 guideline to assess the toxic effects induced by mercury ions (mercury chloride, MCl) on the marine microalga Chaetoceros muelleri in the presence of SNPs or silver ions (silver nitrate, SN). Acute toxicity tests displayed that the presence of SNPs or SN (0.01 mg L-1) significantly reduced the toxicity of MCl (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg L-1) and increased the IC50 of MCl from 0.072 ± 0.014 to 0.381 ± 0.029 and 0.676 ± 0.034 mg L-1, respectively. In the presence of SN or SNPs, the mercury-reducing effect on algal population growth significantly decreased. Considering the increase of IC50, the mercury toxicity decreased approximately 5.44 and 9.66 times in the presence of SNPs or SN, respectively. The chlorophyll a and c contents decreased at all exposures; however, the decrease by MCl-SNPs and MCl-SN was significantly less than MCl except at 1 mg L-1. The lowering effect of MCl-SN on chlorophyll contents was less than MCl and MCl-SNPs. MCl exposure induced significant raises in total protein content (TPC) at concentrations < 0.01mg L-1, with a maximum of ~ 70.83% attained at 100 mg L-1. The effects of MCl-SNPs and MCl-SN on TPC were significantly less than MCl. Total lipid content (TLC) at all MCl concentrations was higher than the control, while at coexposure to MCl-SN, TLC did not change until 0.01 mg L-1 compared with the control. The effects of MCl-SN and MCL-SNPs on TPC and TLC were in line with toxicity results, and were significantly less than those of MCl individually, confirming their antagonistic effects on MCl. The morphological changes of algal cells and mercury content of the cell wall at MCl-SN and MCl-SNPs were mitigated compared with MCl exposure. These findings highlight the mitigatory impacts of silver species on mercury toxicity, emphasizing the need for better realizing the mixture toxicity effects of pollutants in the water ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Mosleminejad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasemi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
- Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Advanced Materials Research Centre, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Machado MD, Soares EV. Features of the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata: physiology and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:219. [PMID: 38372796 PMCID: PMC10876740 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata was isolated from the Nitelva River (Norway) and subsequently deposited in the collection of the Norwegian Institute of Water Research as "Selenastrum capricornutum Printz". This freshwater microalga, also known as Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, acquired much of its notoriety due to its high sensitivity to different chemical species, which makes it recommended by different international organizations for the assessment of ecotoxicity. However, outside this scope, R. subcapitata continues to be little explored. This review aims to shed light on a microalga that, despite its popularity, continues to be an "illustrious" unknown in many ways. Therefore, R. subcapitata taxonomy, phylogeny, shape, size/biovolume, cell ultra-structure, and reproduction are reviewed. The nutritional and cultural conditions, chronological aging, and maintenance and preservation of the alga are summarized and critically discussed. Applications of R. subcapitata, such as its use in aquatic toxicology (ecotoxicity assessment and elucidation of adverse toxic outcome pathways) are presented. Furthermore, the latest advances in the use of this alga in biotechnology, namely in the bioremediation of effluents and the production of value-added biomolecules and biofuels, are highlighted. To end, a perspective regarding the future exploitation of R. subcapitata potentialities, in a modern concept of biorefinery, is outlined. KEY POINTS: • An overview of alga phylogeny and physiology is critically reviewed. • Advances in alga nutrition, cultural conditions, and chronological aging are presented. • Its use in aquatic toxicology and biotechnology is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D Machado
- Bioengineering Laboratory - CIETI, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo V Soares
- Bioengineering Laboratory - CIETI, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal.
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Komazec B, Cvjetko P, Balen B, Letofsky-Papst I, Lyons DM, Peharec Štefanić P. The Occurrence of Oxidative Stress Induced by Silver Nanoparticles in Chlorella vulgaris Depends on the Surface-Stabilizing Agent. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1967. [PMID: 37446486 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of great interest due to their antimicrobial properties, but their reactivity and toxicity pose a significant risk to aquatic ecosystems. In biological systems, AgNPs tend to aggregate and dissolve, so they are often stabilized by agents that affect their physicochemical properties. In this study, microalga Chlorella vulgaris was used as a model organism to evaluate the effects of AgNPs in aquatic habitats. Algae were exposed to AgNPs stabilized with citrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) agents and to AgNO3 at concentrations that allowed 75% cell survival after 72 h. To investigate algal response, silver accumulation, ROS content, damage to biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and DNA), activity of antioxidant enzymes (APX, PPX, CAT, SOD), content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline and GSH), and changes in ultrastructure were analyzed. The results showed that all treatments induced oxidative stress and adversely affected algal cells. AgNO3 resulted in the fastest death of algae compared to both AgNPs, but the extent of oxidative damage and antioxidant enzymatic defense was similar to AgNP-citrate. Furthermore, AgNP-CTAB showed the least toxic effect and caused the least oxidative damage. These results highlight the importance of surface-stabilizing agents in determining the phytotoxicity of AgNPs and the underlying mechanisms affecting aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Komazec
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Cvjetko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biljana Balen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilse Letofsky-Papst
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Austrian Cooperative Research (ACR), Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Mark Lyons
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Petra Peharec Štefanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Menezes T, Bouguerra S, Andreani T, Pereira R, Pereira C. Preparation, Characterization, and Environmental Safety Assessment of Dithiocarbazate Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:370. [PMID: 36678123 PMCID: PMC9862897 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dithiocarbazates comprise an important class of Schiff bases with remarkable biological applications due to the imine group present in their structure. However, full exploitation of the biological activity of 3-methyl-5-phenyl-pyrazoline-1-(S-benzyldithiocarbazate) (DTC) is limited due to its easy degradation and poor solubility in aqueous solutions. The loading of DTC into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSiNPs) can be an excellent strategy to improve the solubility of DTC in the aqueous medium. Therefore, the main goal of the present work was to design MSiNP-DTC and to evaluate the success of the loading process by measuring its physicochemical properties and evaluating the environmental safety of the new DTC formulation using different aquatic organisms, such as the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata, the macrophyte Lemna minor, and the marine bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri. DTC, MSiNP, and MSiNP-DTC concentrations ranging from 8.8 to 150 mg L-1 were tested for all the species, showing low toxicity against aquatic organisms. Loading DTC into MSiNPs caused a slight increase in the toxicity at the concentrations tested, only allowing for the estimation of the effect concentration causing a 20% reduction in bioluminescence or growth rate (EC20). Therefore, despite the potential of MSiNPs as a drug delivery system (DDS), it is of utmost importance to assess its impact on the safety of the new formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thacilla Menezes
- Porto University Chemistry Research Center (CIQUP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS)—Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sirine Bouguerra
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Andreani
- Porto University Chemistry Research Center (CIQUP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS)—Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CTAB) & INOV4AGRO, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Pereira
- Porto University Chemistry Research Center (CIQUP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS)—Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Iannelli MA, Bellini A, Venditti I, Casentini B, Battocchio C, Scalici M, Ceschin S. Differential phytotoxic effect of silver nitrate (AgNO 3) and bifunctionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-Cit-L-Cys) on Lemna plants (duckweeds). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 250:106260. [PMID: 35933908 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds are aquatic plants often used in phytotoxic studies for their small size, simple structure, rapid growth, high sensitivity to pollutants and facility of maintaining under laboratory conditions. In this paper, induced phytotoxic effects were investigated in Lemna minor and Lemna minuta after exposition to silver nitrate (AgNO3) and silver nanoparticles stabilized with sodium citrate and L-Cysteine (AgNPs-Cit-L-Cys) at different concentrations (0, 20 and 50 mg/L) and times (7 and 14 days). Lemna species responses were evaluated analyzing plant growth (mat thickness, fresh and dry biomass, relative growth rate - RGR) and physiological parameters (chlorophyll - Chl, malondialdehyde - MDA, ascorbate peroxidase - APX and catalase - CAT). Ag content was measured in the fronds of the two Lemna species by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. AgNO3 and AgNPs-Cit-L-CYs produced phytotoxic effects on both duckweed species (plant growth and Chl reduction, MDA increase) that enhanced in response to increasing concentrations and exposure times. AgNPs-Cit-L-Cys caused much less alteration in the plants compared to AgNO3 suggesting that the presence of bifunctionalized AgNPs-Cit-L-Cys have a reduced phytotoxic effect as compared to Ag+ released in water. Based on the physiological performance, L. minuta plants showed a large growth reduction and higher levels of chlorosis and stress in respect to L. minor plants, probably due to greater Ag+ ions accumulation in the fronds. Albeit with some differences, both Lemna species were able to uptake Ag+ ions from the aqueous medium, especially over a period of 14 days, and could be considered adapt as phytoremediation agents for decontaminating silver ion-polluted water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Iannelli
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology - National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
| | - A Bellini
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - I Venditti
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - B Casentini
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
| | - C Battocchio
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - M Scalici
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - S Ceschin
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abreu CBD, Gebara RC, Reis LLD, Rocha GS, Alho LDOG, Alvarenga LM, Virtuoso LS, Assis M, Mansano ADS, Longo E, Melão MDGG. Toxicity of α-Ag 2WO 4 microcrystals to freshwater microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata at cellular and population levels. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132536. [PMID: 34637867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Silver-based materials have microbicidal action, photocatalytic activity and electronic properties. The increase in manufacturing and consumption of these compounds, given their wide functionality and application, is a source of contamination to freshwater ecosystems and causes toxicity to aquatic biota. Therefore, for the first time, we evaluated the toxicity of the silver tungstate (α-Ag2WO4), in different morphologies (cube and rod), for the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. To investigate the toxicity, we evaluated the growth rate, cell complexity and size, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence. The α-Ag2WO4 - R (rod) was 1.7 times more toxic than α-Ag2WO4-C (cube), with IC10 and IC50 values of, respectively, 8.68 ± 0.91 μg L-1 and 13.72 ± 1.48 μg L-1 for α-Ag2WO4 - R and 18.60 ± 1.61 μg L-1 and 23.47 ± 1.16 μg L-1 for α-Ag2WO4-C. The release of silver ions was quantified and indicated that the silver ions dissolution from the α-Ag2WO4 - R ranged from 34 to 71%, while the Ag ions from the α-Ag2WO4-C varied from 35 to 97%. The α-Ag2WO4-C induced, after 24 h exposure, the increase of ROS at the lowest concentrations (8.81 and 19.32 μg L-1), whereas the α-Ag2WO4 - R significantly induced ROS production at 96 h at the highest concentration (31.76 μg L-1). Both microcrystal shapes significantly altered the cellular complexity and decreased the Chl a fluorescence at all tested concentrations. We conclude that the different morphologies of α-Ag2WO4 negatively affect the microalga and are important sources of silver ions leading to harmful consequences to the aquatic ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cínthia Bruno de Abreu
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renan Castelhano Gebara
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Luiza Dos Reis
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giseli Swerts Rocha
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation (NEEA/CRHEA/SHS), São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lays de Oliveira Gonçalves Alho
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Mendes Alvarenga
- Chemistry Institute - Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano Sindra Virtuoso
- Chemistry Institute - Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Assis
- Center for Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), Federal University of São Carlos - (UFSCar), P.O, Box 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adrislaine da Silva Mansano
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elson Longo
- Center for Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), Federal University of São Carlos - (UFSCar), P.O, Box 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Gama Melão
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Biba R, Košpić K, Komazec B, Markulin D, Cvjetko P, Pavoković D, Peharec Štefanić P, Tkalec M, Balen B. Surface Coating-Modulated Phytotoxic Responses of Silver Nanoparticles in Plants and Freshwater Green Algae. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:24. [PMID: 35009971 PMCID: PMC8746378 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been implemented in a wide range of commercial products, resulting in their unregulated release into aquatic as well as terrestrial systems. This raises concerns over their impending environmental effects. Once released into the environment, they are prone to various transformation processes that modify their reactivity. In order to increase AgNP stability, different stabilizing coatings are applied during their synthesis. However, coating agents determine particle size and shape and influence their solubility, reactivity, and overall stability as well as their behavior and transformations in the biological medium. In this review, we attempt to give an overview on how the employment of different stabilizing coatings can modulate AgNP-induced phytotoxicity with respect to growth, physiology, and gene and protein expression in terrestrial and aquatic plants and freshwater algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Biljana Balen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (R.B.); (K.K.); (B.K.); (D.M.); (P.C.); (D.P.); (P.P.Š.); (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|