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Raut SA, Vinx N, Tromont D, Leclère P, Cossement D, Snyders R, Thiry D. Unlocking the Potential of Liquid Plasma Polymer Films: Characterizing Aging Effects and Their Impact on the Wrinkling Phenomenon. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14633-14640. [PMID: 38970486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present the study of the intricate dynamics between the physicochemical properties of liquid propanethiol plasma polymer films (PPFs) and the formation of wrinkles in PPF/Al bilayers. The study investigates the effect of liquid PPF aging in the air before top Al layer deposition by magnetron sputtering on the wrinkling phenomenon for 4 days. Thanks to atomic force microscopy, the wrinkle dimensions were found to decrease by approximately 55% in amplitude and 66% in wavelength, correlated with an increase in the viscosity of the PPF over the aging duration (i.e., from less than 107 to 1010 Pa·s). This behavior is not linked to alterations in cross-linking degree as evidenced by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry experiments but rather to network densification driven by the inherent molecular chain mobility due to the viscous state of the PPF. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements emphasizing the absence of oxidation of the PPF over the aging duration support this, revealing a unique aging mechanism distinct from other plasma polymer families. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the design and application of mechanically responsive PPFs involved in bilayer systems, paving the way for advancements in nanotechnology and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyog A Raut
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Nathan Vinx
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Tromont
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Leclère
- Laboratory for Physics of Nanomaterials and Energy (LPNE), Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Université de Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Damien Cossement
- Materia Nova Research Center, Parc Initialis, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Rony Snyders
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Materia Nova Research Center, Parc Initialis, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Damien Thiry
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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Dvořák J, Vohánka J, Buršíková V, Ohlídal I. Optical characterization of inhomogeneity of polymer-like thin films arising in the initial phase of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27246. [PMID: 38562509 PMCID: PMC10982981 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, an optical investigation in a wide spectral range of polymer-like (SiOxCyHz) thin films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is presented. The primary focus is on assessing the homogeneity of the grown films. Within the PECVD, it is possible to alter the properties of the deposited material by continually adjusting deposition process parameters and hence allow for the growth of inhomogeneous layers. However, as shown in this study, the growth of homogeneous layers could be similarly challenging. This challenge is especially pronounced at the beginning of the deposition process, where it is necessary to consider the influence of the substrate among other factors, as even slight variations in the deposition conditions can lead to the formation of inhomogeneous layers. Several series of polymer-like thin films were deposited onto silicon substrates with the goal of producing homogeneous layers, i.e. all deposition parameters were held constant. These samples were optically characterized with a special interest in homogeneity, especially at the beginning of the growth. It was found that initial inhomogeneous growth is always present. The thickness of the initial inhomogeneous part was found to be surprisingly large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dvořák
- Department of Plasma Physics and Technology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vohánka
- Department of Plasma Physics and Technology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Vilma Buršíková
- Department of Plasma Physics and Technology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Ohlídal
- Department of Plasma Physics and Technology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
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Bhatt P, Kumar V, Subramaniyan V, Nagarajan K, Sekar M, Chinni SV, Ramachawolran G. Plasma Modification Techniques for Natural Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2066. [PMID: 37631280 PMCID: PMC10459779 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers have attracted significant attention in drug delivery applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility. However, their surface properties often limit their use as drug delivery vehicles, as they may exhibit poor wettability, weak adhesion, and inadequate drug loading and release. Plasma treatment is a promising surface modification technique that can overcome these limitations by introducing various functional groups onto the natural polymer surface, thus enhancing its physicochemical and biological properties. This review provides a critical overview of recent advances in the plasma modification of natural polymer-based drug delivery systems, with a focus on controllable plasma treatment techniques. The review covers the fundamental principles of plasma generation, process control, and characterization of plasma-treated natural polymer surfaces. It discusses the various applications of plasma-modified natural polymer-based drug delivery systems, including improved biocompatibility, controlled drug release, and targeted drug delivery. The challenges and emerging trends in the field of plasma modification of natural polymer-based drug delivery systems are also highlighted. The review concludes with a discussion of the potential of controllable plasma treatment as a versatile and effective tool for the surface functionalization of natural polymer-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kandasamy Nagarajan
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.B.)
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh V. Chinni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience, and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gobinath Ramachawolran
- Department of Foundation, RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus, No. 4, Jalan Sepoy Lines, Georgetown 10450, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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