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Parolini F, Ventura G, Rosignoli C, Rota Nodari S, D’incau M, Marocchi L, Santucci G, Boldini M, Gradassi M. Detection and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella enterica Serotypes in Dairy Cattle Farms in the Po Valley, Northern Italy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2043. [PMID: 39061505 PMCID: PMC11273392 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of Salmonella spp. in dairy cattle farms poses a major risk to animal health and welfare. This study focused on Salmonella detection in dairy farms located in the Cremona and Mantua provinces (northern Italy) in samples collected and submitted to laboratories in 2021-2022. A total of 2710 samples from different sources, including calf carcasses/organs (n = 128), rectal swabs (n = 1937), feces (n = 390), bulk milk (n = 93), and overshoes/swabs (n = 127) for environmental sampling, were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. and were included in the present study. Our results indicate that Salmonella was most commonly firstly identified from calf carcasses and organs (61.67%) and that the serotypes most frequently detected in dairies were S. Dublin (38.33%), S. Typhimurium (23.33%), and S. Typhimurium monophasic variant (14.17%). The most common pathological findings in calf carcasses were enteritis, hepatosplenomegaly, and pneumonia. The antimicrobial resistance pattern analyzed using the MIC assay of 51 Salmonella isolates revealed the presence of multi-resistant strains, which pose a major risk to public and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Parolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (G.V.); (M.B.)
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Giordano Ventura
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (G.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Carlo Rosignoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 46100 Mantova, Italy; (C.R.); (L.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Sara Rota Nodari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Mario D’incau
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Leonardo Marocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 46100 Mantova, Italy; (C.R.); (L.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Santucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 46100 Mantova, Italy; (C.R.); (L.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Massimo Boldini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (G.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Matteo Gradassi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (G.V.); (M.B.)
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Giannitti F, Machado M, Silva Silveira CD, Cibils-Stewart X, Baráibar N, Queiroz-Machado CRR, Poppenga RH, Menchaca A, Uzal FA, García JA, Matto C, Dutra F, Ruprechter G, Caffarena D, Saravia A. Experimental oral administration of pollen beetle ( Astylus atromaculatus) to cattle results in an acute lethal gastrointestinal disease. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:590-603. [PMID: 38433602 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241231557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In the summer of 2023, ingestion of Astylus atromaculatus (pollen beetle) was linked to spontaneous fatal disease in grazing cattle and sheep in Argentina and Uruguay. While the disease was experimentally reproduced in sheep and guinea pigs in the 1970's, no experimental reproductions have been attempted in cattle, and controversy exists as to whether this insect is indeed noxious to cattle and at which dose. Here, we demonstrate that A. atromaculatus causes acute fatal disease in Hereford calves at single oral dosages of 2.5, 4.5, 10.0, and 15.0 g of insect/kg body weight. Death or severe disease necessitating euthanasia occurred at 38 to 48 hours postinoculation regardless of the dose, suggesting that the single fatal dosage is likely <2.5 g/kg body weight (this dose representing approximately 850 mL of intact beetles in a 100 kg calf). Clinically, the disease was characterized by acute anorexia, prolonged recumbency, reluctance to move, listlessness/apathy, depression, ruminal hypomotility and tympany, hypothermia, bruxism with frothing at the mouth, and mucoid diarrhea progressing to death. Hematologic and biochemical alterations included hemoconcentration, stress/acute inflammatory leukogram, negative energy balance, and ketosis. The pathological hallmark of this experimental disease is acute necrotizing omaso-reticulo-rumenitis, fibrinohemorrhagic enteritis, and exfoliative colitis with intralesional chitinous insect fragments. While A. atromaculatus might contain a gastrointestinal toxin or pathogen, extensive toxicological testing failed to identify a causative toxin. Other pathomechanisms such as direct physical damage caused by insect fragments on the alimentary tract seem plausible, although further studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of A. atromaculatus-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mizael Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | | | - Ximena Cibils-Stewart
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Baráibar
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Uruguay
| | | | - Robert H Poppenga
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alejo Menchaca
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Uruguay
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Juan A García
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Carolina Matto
- División Laboratorios Veterinarios, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Dutra
- División Laboratorios Veterinarios, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay
| | - Gretel Ruprechter
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Darío Caffarena
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Uruguay
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Anderson Saravia
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Uruguay
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Perry J, Arnold K, Satuchne C, Koren O, Kenigswald G, Elnekave E. Accumulation of resistance genes in Salmonella Typhimurium transmitted between poultry and dairy farms increases the risk to public health. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0229723. [PMID: 38722170 PMCID: PMC11218646 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02297-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a major threat to public health. This generalist serotype can be found in many hosts and the environment where varying selection pressures may result in the accumulation of antimicrobial resistance determinants. However, the transmission of this serotype between food-producing hosts, specifically between poultry layer flocks and nearby dairy herds, was never demonstrated. We investigated an outbreak at a dairy in Israel to determine the role of nearby poultry houses to be sources of infection. The 2-month outbreak resulted in a 47% mortality rate among 15 calves born in that period. Routine treatment of fluid therapy, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, and cefquinome was ineffective, and control was achieved by the introduction of vaccination of dry cows against Salmonella (Bovivac S, MSD Animal Health) and a strict colostrum regime. Whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial sensitivity tests were performed on S. Typhimurium strains isolated from the dairy (n = 4) and strains recovered from poultry layer farms (n = 10). We identified acquired antimicrobial-resistant genes, including the blaCTX-M-55 gene, conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, which was exclusive to dairy isolates. Genetic similarity with less than five single nucleotide polymorphism differences between dairy and poultry strains suggested a transmission link. This investigation highlights the severe impact of S. Typhimurium on dairy farms and the transmission risk from nearby poultry farms. The accumulation of potentially transferable genes conferring resistance to critically important antimicrobials underscores the increased public health risk associated with S. Typhimurium circulation between animal hosts.IMPORTANCESalmonella Typhimurium is one of the major causes of food-borne illness globally. Infections may result in severe invasive disease, in which antimicrobial treatment is warranted. Therefore, the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains poses a significant challenge to successful treatment and is considered one of the major threats to global health. S. Typhimurium can be found in a variety of animal hosts and environments; however, its transmission between food-producing animals, specifically poultry layers flocks and dairy herds, was never studied. Here, we demonstrate the transmission of the pathogen from poultry to a nearby dairy farm. Alarmingly, the multi-drug-resistant strains collected during the outbreak in the dairy had acquired resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, antibiotics critically important in treating Salmonellosis in humans. The findings of the study emphasize the increased risk to public health posed by zoonotic pathogens' circulation between animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Perry
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katya Arnold
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Cinthia Satuchne
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Re'em Junction, Israel
| | - Ori Koren
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Hachaklait Veterinary Services, Caesarea, Israel
| | | | - Ehud Elnekave
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Castells M, Benítez-Galeano MJ, Marandino A, Caffarena RD, Casaux ML, Pérez R, Giannitti F, Colina R. Detection and Genetic Characterization of Bovine Torovirus in Uruguay. Viruses 2024; 16:835. [PMID: 38932127 PMCID: PMC11209243 DOI: 10.3390/v16060835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine torovirus (BToV) is an enteric pathogen that may cause diarrhea in calves and adult cattle, which could result in economic losses due to weight loss and decreased milk production. This study aimed to report the presence, the genetic characterization and the evolution of BToV in calves in Uruguay. BToV was detected in 7.9% (22/278) of fecal samples, being identified in dairy (9.2%, 22/239) but not beef (0.0%, 0/39) calves. BToV was detected in both diarrheic (14%, 6/43) and non-diarrheic (13.2%, 5/38) dairy calves. In addition, BToV was detected in the intestinal contents of 14.9% (7/47) of naturally deceased dairy calves. A complete genome (28,446 nucleotides) was obtained, which was the second outside Asia and the first in Latin America. In addition, partial S gene sequences were obtained to perform evolutionary analyses. Nucleotide and amino acid substitutions within and between outbreaks/farms were observed, alerting the continuous evolution of the virus. Through Bayesian analysis using BEAST, a recent origin (mid-60s) of BToV, possibly in Asia, was estimated, with two introductions into Uruguay from Asia and Europe in 2004 and 2013, respectively. The estimated evolutionary rate was 1.80 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year. Our findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance and genetic characterization for the effective management and understanding of BToV's global epidemiology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Castells
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay
| | - María José Benítez-Galeano
- Unidad de Genómica y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Rubén Darío Caffarena
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Colonia 70006, Uruguay
- Unidad Académica Salud de Rumiantes, Departamento de Producción y Salud de los Sistemas Productivos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay
| | - María Laura Casaux
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Colonia 70006, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Colonia 70006, Uruguay
| | - Rodney Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay
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5
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Kawasaki M, McConnel CS, Burbick CR, Ambrosini YM. Pathogen-epithelium interactions and inflammatory responses in Salmonella Dublin infections using ileal monolayer models derived from adult bovine organoids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11479. [PMID: 38769412 PMCID: PMC11106274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin) is an important enteric pathogen affecting cattle and poses increasing public health risks. Understanding the pathophysiology and host-pathogen interactions of S. Dublin infection are critical for developing effective control strategies, yet studies are hindered by the lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models. This study aimed to generate a robust ileal monolayer derived from adult bovine organoids, validate its feasibility as an in vitro infection model with S. Dublin, and evaluate the epithelial response to infection. A stable, confluent monolayer with a functional epithelial barrier was established under optimized culture conditions. The model's applicability for studying S. Dublin infection was confirmed by documenting intracellular bacterial invasion and replication, impacts on epithelial integrity, and a specific inflammatory response, providing insights into the pathogen-epithelium interactions. The study underscores the utility of organoid-derived monolayers in advancing our understanding of enteric infections in livestock and highlights implications for therapeutic strategy development and preventive measures, with potential applications extending to both veterinary and human medicine. The established bovine ileal monolayer offers a novel and physiologically relevant in vitro platform for investigating enteric pathogen-host interactions, particularly for pathogens like S. Dublin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minae Kawasaki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Craig S McConnel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Claire R Burbick
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yoko M Ambrosini
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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6
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Fonseca M, Heider LC, Stryhn H, McClure JT, Léger D, Rizzo D, Dufour S, Roy JP, Kelton DF, Renaud DL, Barkema HW, Sanchez J. Frequency of isolation and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of fecal Salmonella enterica recovered from dairy cattle in Canada. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2357-2373. [PMID: 37863297 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is one of the leading causes of gastrointestinal infections in humans. In Canada, it is estimated that approximately 87,500 cases of salmonellosis occur every year in humans, resulting in 17 deaths. In the United States, it is estimated that 26,500 hospitalizations and 420 deaths occur every year. In dairy cattle, infections caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica can cause mild to severe disease, including enteritis, pneumonia, and septicemia. Our study objectives were to determine the proportion of fecal samples positive for Salmonella in dairy cattle in Canada and determine the resistance pattern of these isolates. We used data collected through the Canadian Dairy Network for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Resistance (CaDNetASR). Pooled fecal samples from preweaning calves, postweaning heifers, lactating cows, and manure storage were cultured for Salmonella, and the isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration test, and resistance interpretation was made according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. A 2-level, multivariable logistic regression model was built to determine the probability of recovering Salmonella from a sample, accounting for province, year, and sample source. The proportion of farms with at least one positive sample were 12% (17/140), 19% (28/144), and 17% (24/144) for the sampling years 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. Out of the 113 Salmonella isolates, 23 different serovars were identified. The occurrence of Salmonella appeared to be clustered by farms and provinces. The most common serovars identified were Infantis (14%) and Typhimurium (14%). Overall, 21% (24/113) of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Resistance to tetracycline was commonly observed (17%); however, very limited resistance to category I antimicrobials (categorization according to Health Canada that includes third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, polymyxins, and carbapenems) was observed, with one isolate resistant to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The proportion of Salmonella isolates resistant to 2 and 3 antimicrobial classes was 3.5% and 8.8%, respectively. Our study provided valuable information on the proportion of fecal samples positive for Salmonella, the serovars identified, and the associated resistance patterns across CaDNetASR herds, at regional and national levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fonseca
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3 Canada.
| | - Luke C Heider
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - Henrik Stryhn
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - David Léger
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Guelph, ON, N1H 8J1 Canada
| | - Daniella Rizzo
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Guelph, ON, N1H 8J1 Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - David F Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - David L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Javier Sanchez
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3 Canada
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7
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Abramov VM, Kosarev IV, Machulin AV, Deryusheva EI, Priputnevich TV, Panin AN, Chikileva IO, Abashina TN, Manoyan AM, Akhmetzyanova AA, Blumenkrants DA, Ivanova OE, Papazyan TT, Nikonov IN, Suzina NE, Melnikov VG, Khlebnikov VS, Sakulin VK, Samoilenko VA, Gordeev AB, Sukhikh GT, Uversky VN, Karlyshev AV. Anti- Salmonella Defence and Intestinal Homeostatic Maintenance In Vitro of a Consortium Containing Limosilactobacillus fermentum 3872 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius 7247 Strains in Human, Porcine, and Chicken Enterocytes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 13:30. [PMID: 38247590 PMCID: PMC10812507 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus fermentum strain 3872 (LF3872) was originally isolated from the breast milk of a healthy woman during lactation and the breastfeeding of a child. Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain 7247 (LS7247) was isolated at the same time from the intestines and reproductive system of a healthy woman. The genomes of these strains contain genes responsible for the production of peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes and factors that increase the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative pathogens. In this work, the anti-Salmonella and intestinal homeostatic features of the LF3872 and LS7247 consortium were studied. A multi-drug resistant (MDR) strain of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) was used in the experiments. The consortium effectively inhibited the adhesion of SE to intact and activated human, porcine, and chicken enterocytes and reduced invasion. The consortium had a bactericidal effect on SE in 6 h of co-culturing. A gene expression analysis of SE showed that the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the consortium inhibited the expression of virulence genes critical for the colonization of human and animal enterocytes. The CFS stimulated the production of an intestinal homeostatic factor-intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP)-in Caco-2 and HT-29 enterocytes. The consortium decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and TLR4 mRNA expression in human and animal enterocytes. It stimulated the expression of TLR9 in human and porcine enterocytes and stimulated the expression of TLR21 in chicken enterocytes. The consortium also protected the intestinal barrier functions through the increase of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the inhibition of paracellular permeability in the monolayers of human and animal enterocytes. The results obtained suggest that a LF3872 and LS7247 consortium can be used as an innovative feed additive to reduce the spread of MDR SE among the population and farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M. Abramov
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia (A.B.G.)
| | - Igor V. Kosarev
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia (A.B.G.)
| | - Andrey V. Machulin
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Evgenia I. Deryusheva
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Priputnevich
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia (A.B.G.)
| | - Alexander N. Panin
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina O. Chikileva
- Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health RF, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Abashina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ashot M. Manoyan
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Akhmetzyanova
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Blumenkrants
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga E. Ivanova
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ilia N. Nikonov
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology Named after K.I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nataliya E. Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav G. Melnikov
- Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vadim K. Sakulin
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, 142380 Lyubuchany, Russia; (V.S.K.); (V.K.S.)
| | - Vladimir A. Samoilenko
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexey B. Gordeev
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia (A.B.G.)
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia (A.B.G.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Andrey V. Karlyshev
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
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Casaux ML, D'Alessandro B, Vignoli R, Fraga M. Phenotypic and genotypic survey of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy farms in Uruguay. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1055432. [PMID: 36968467 PMCID: PMC10033963 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1055432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an important zoonotic pathogen that is frequently identified in dairy farming systems. An increase in antibiotic resistance has led to inadequate results of treatments, with impacts on animal and human health. Here, the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates from dairy cattle and dairy farm environments were evaluated and compared. A collection of 75 S. enterica isolates were evaluated, and their phenotypic susceptibility was determined. For genotypic characterization, the whole genomes of the isolates were sequenced, and geno-serotypes, sequence types (STs) and core-genome-sequence types were determined using the EnteroBase pipeline. To characterize antibiotic resistance genes and gene mutations, tools from the Center for Genomic Epidemiology were used. Salmonella Dublin (SDu), S. Typhimurium (STy), S. Anatum (SAn), S. Newport (SNe), S. Agona (Sag), S. Montevideo (SMo) and IIIb 61:i:z53 were included in the collection. A single sequence type was detected per serovar. Phenotypic non-susceptibility to streptomycin and tetracycline was very frequent in the collection, and high non-susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was also observed. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 42 isolates (56.0%), with SAn and STy presenting higher MDR than the other serovars, showing non-susceptibility to up to 6 groups of antibiotics. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of 21 genes associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella isolates. More than 60% of the isolates carried some gene associated with resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. Only one gene associated with beta-lactam resistance was found, in seven isolates. Two different mutations were identified, parC_T57S and acrB_R717Q, which confer resistance to quinolones and azithromycin, respectively. The accuracy of predicting antimicrobial resistance phenotypes based on AMR genotypes was 83.7%. The genomic approach does not replace the phenotypic assay but offers valuable information for the survey of circulating antimicrobial resistance. This work represents one of the first studies evaluating phenotypic and genotypic AMR in Salmonella from dairy cattle in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Casaux
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: María Laura Casaux
| | - Bruno D'Alessandro
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Vignoli
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
- Martín Fraga
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