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Zhang WY, Zheng XL, Coghi PS, Chen JH, Dong BJ, Fan XX. Revolutionizing adjuvant development: harnessing AI for next-generation cancer vaccines. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1438030. [PMID: 39206192 PMCID: PMC11349682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1438030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
With the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of vaccines has been widely recognized and has led to increased research and development efforts. Vaccines also play a crucial role in cancer treatment by activating the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. However, enhancing the efficacy of cancer vaccines remains a challenge. Adjuvants, which enhance the immune response to antigens and improve vaccine effectiveness, have faced limitations in recent years, resulting in few novel adjuvants being identified. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in drug development has provided a foundation for adjuvant screening and application, leading to a diversification of adjuvants. This article reviews the significant role of tumor vaccines in basic research and clinical treatment and explores the use of AI technology to screen novel adjuvants from databases. The findings of this review offer valuable insights for the development of new adjuvants for next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ying Zhang
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zheng
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Paolo Saul Coghi
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jun-Hui Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing-Jun Dong
- Gynecology Department, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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Kamal M, Atchadé MN, Sokadjo YM, Siddiqui SA, Riad FH, El-Raouf MMA, Aldallal R, Hussam E, Alshanbari HM, Alsuhabi H, Gemeay AM. Influence of COVID-19 vaccination on the dynamics of new infected cases in the world. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:3324-3341. [PMID: 36899583 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The initial COVID-19 vaccinations were created and distributed to the general population in 2020 thanks to emergency authorization and conditional approval. Consequently, numerous countries followed the process that is currently a global campaign. Taking into account the fact that people are being vaccinated, there are concerns about the effectiveness of that medical solution. Actually, this study is the first one focusing on how the number of vaccinated people might influence the spread of the pandemic in the world. From the Global Change Data Lab "Our World in Data", we were able to get data sets about the number of new cases and vaccinated people. This study is a longitudinal one from 14/12/2020 to 21/03/2021. In addition, we computed Generalized log-Linear Model on count time series (Negative Binomial distribution due to over dispersion in data) and implemented validation tests to confirm the robustness of our results. The findings revealed that when the number of vaccinated people increases by one new vaccination on a given day, the number of new cases decreases significantly two days after by one. The influence is not notable on the same day of vaccination. Authorities should increase the vaccination campaign to control well the pandemic. That solution has effectively started to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Dammam 32256, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mintodê Nicodème Atchadé
- National Higher School of Mathematics Genius and Modelization, National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics, Abomey, Benin Republic
- University of Abomey-Calavi/International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA: UNESCO-Chair), 072 BP 50 Cotonou, Rep. Benin
| | - Yves Morel Sokadjo
- University of Abomey-Calavi/International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA: UNESCO-Chair), 072 BP 50 Cotonou, Rep. Benin
| | - Sabir Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Fathy H Riad
- Mathematics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Abd El-Raouf
- Basic and Applied Science Institute, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ramy Aldallal
- Department of Accounting, College of Business Administration in Hawtat Bani Tamim, Prince Sattam Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam Hussam
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Huda M Alshanbari
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alsuhabi
- Department of Mathematics, Al-Qunfudah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Gemeay
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Atchadé MN, Tchanati P. P. On computational analysis of nonlinear regression models addressing heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation issues: An application to COVID-19 data. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11057. [PMID: 36254279 PMCID: PMC9568860 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper develops a method for nonlinear regression models estimation that is robust to heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation of errors. Using nonlinear least squares estimation, four popular growth models (Exponential, Gompertz, Verhulst, and Weibull) were computed. Some assumptions on the errors of these models (independence, normality, and homoscedasticity) being violated, the estimates are improved by modeling the residuals using the ETS method. For an application purpose, this approach has been used to predict the daily cumulative number of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases in Africa for the study period, from March 13, 2020, to June 26, 2021. The comparison of the proposed model to the competitors was done using statistical metrics such as MAPE, MAE, RMSE, AIC, BIC, and AICc. The findings revealed that the modified Gompertz model is the most accurate in forecasting the total number of COVID-19 cases in Africa. Moreover, the developed approach will be useful for researchers and policymakers for predicting purpose and for better decision making in different fields of its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintodê Nicodème Atchadé
- National Higher School of Mathematics Genius and Modelization, National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics, Abomey, Benin,University of Abomey-Calavi/International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA: UNESCO-Chair), 072 BP 50 Cotonou, Benin,Corresponding author at: National Higher School of Mathematics Genius and Modelization, National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics, Abomey, Benin.
| | - Paul Tchanati P.
- National Higher School of Mathematics Genius and Modelization, National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics, Abomey, Benin
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Agossou O, Atchadé MN, Djibril AM. Modeling the effects of preventive measures and vaccination on the COVID-19 spread in Benin Republic with optimal control. RESULTS IN PHYSICS 2021; 31:104969. [PMID: 34804781 PMCID: PMC8592642 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) onset in December 2019 is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since, the spread of the virus and mortality due to COVID-19 have continued to increase daily leading to a pandemic. In absence of approved medicine and vaccines, many countries imposed policies such as social distancing, mask wearing, hand washing, airport screening, quarantine and others. But rapidly, they were confronted with the high economic and social cost resulting from those policies. Many vaccines have been proposed but their efficiency is still controversial. Now, governments and scholars search for how manage with preventives measures policies and vaccination campaigns to stop the COVID-19 spread. This work studied the effects of these different strategies as time-dependent interventions using mathematical modeling and optimal control approach to ascertain their contribution in the dynamic transmission of COVID-19. The model was proven to have an invariant region and was well-posed. The basic reproduction number was computed with and without respect of preventives measures. The optimal control analysis was carried out using the Pontryagin's maximum principle to figure out the optimal strategy necessary to curtail the disease. The findings revealed that the optimal implementation of preventive measures reduce highly the number of infected individuals but zero infection was not achieved in the population. That was obtained with the optimal implementation of vaccination campaigns which reduce the number of infected individuals. But the optimal and combined implementation of the two interventions performed better with less costs than the two singular implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onésime Agossou
- National Higher School of Mathematics Genius and Modelization, National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics, Abomey, Republic of Benin
| | - Mintodê Nicodème Atchadé
- National Higher School of Mathematics Genius and Modelization, National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics, Abomey, Republic of Benin
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi/ International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA : UNESCO-Chair), 072 BP 50 Cotonou, Republic of Benin
- Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics, Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Russian Federation
| | - Aliou Moussa Djibril
- National Higher School of Mathematics Genius and Modelization, National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics, Abomey, Republic of Benin
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