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Boldig C, Boldig K, Mokhtari S, Etame AB. A Review of the Molecular Determinants of Therapeutic Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6961. [PMID: 39000069 PMCID: PMC11241836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metastases in the brain are a common hallmark of advanced stages of the disease, contributing to a dismal prognosis. Lung cancer can be broadly classified as either small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC represents the most predominant histology subtype of lung cancer, accounting for the majority of lung cancer cases. Recent advances in molecular genetics, coupled with innovations in small molecule drug discovery strategies, have facilitated both the molecular classification and precision targeting of NSCLC based on oncogenic driver mutations. Furthermore, these precision-based strategies have demonstrable efficacy across the blood-brain barrier, leading to positive outcomes in patients with brain metastases. This review provides an overview of the clinical features of lung cancer brain metastases, as well as the molecular mechanisms that drive NSCLC oncogenesis. We also explore how precision medicine-based strategies can be leveraged to improve NSCLC brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Boldig
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Kimberly Boldig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville, 655 W. 8th St., Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Sepideh Mokhtari
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Arnold B Etame
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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2
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He W, Tong L, Yang W, Yuan Y, Li Y, Tang W. Case report: Sustained remission after combined sintilimab, anti-VEGF therapy, and chemotherapy in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer harboring acquired EGFR 19Del/T790M/ cis-C797S mutation resistance. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1298389. [PMID: 38903714 PMCID: PMC11187085 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1298389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are highly effective against tumors harboring the T790M mutation. However, patients treated with these inhibitors ultimately develop resistance, and the most common mechanism is the emergence of the EGFR C797S mutation. Few treatment regimens have been reported for this condition. In this report, we present a successful combination treatment with the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor sintilimab, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, and chemotherapy with pemetrexed and cisplatin in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who developed acquired resistance with EGFR 19 exon deletion (19Del)/T790M/cis-C797S mutation following progression with ametinib therapy. This regimen was well tolerated, and the patient has remained progression-free for 15 months. Our case provides clinical evidence that the combination of PD-1 inhibitor, anti-VEGF therapy, and chemotherapy may be an efficacious therapeutic strategy for NSCLC patients with acquired EGFR 19Del/T790M/cis-C797S mutation resistance following progression with EGFR TKI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wubing Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, China
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3
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Dessai A, Nayak UY, Nayak Y. Precision nanomedicine to treat non-small cell lung cancer. Life Sci 2024; 346:122614. [PMID: 38604287 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, being often detected at a later stage due to the non-appearance of early symptoms. Therefore, specificity of the treatment is of utmost importance for its effective treatment. Precision medicine is a personalized therapy based on the genomics of the patient to design a suitable drug approach. Genetic mutations render the tumor resistant to specific mutations and the therapy is in vain even though correct medications are prescribed. Therefore, Precision medicine needs to be explored for the treatment of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nanoparticles are widely explored to give personalized interventions to treat lung cancer due to their various advantages like the ability to reach cancer cells, enhanced permeation through tissues, specificity, increased bioavailability, etc. Various nanoparticles (NPs) including gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, aptamer-based NPs etc. were conjugated with biomarkers/diagnostic agents specific to cancer type and were delivered. Various biomarker genes have been identified through precision techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC like EGFR, RET, KRAS, ALK, ROS-1, NTRK-1, etc. By incorporating of drug with the nanoparticle through bioconjugation, the specificity of the treatment can be enhanced with this revolutionary treatment. Additionally, integration of theranostic cargos in the nanoparticle would allow diagnosis as well as treatment by targeting the site of disease progression. Therefore, to target NSCLC effectively precision nanomedicine has been adopted in recent times. Here, we present different nanoparticles that are used as precision nanomedicine and their effectiveness against NSCLC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Dessai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Usha Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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Zhang X, He J, Xu S, Fu L, Zheng P, Xu S, Pan Q, Zhu W. Insights into the Overcoming EGFR Del19/T790M/C797S Mutation: A Perspective on the 2-Aryl-4-aminothienopyrimidine Backbone. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300634. [PMID: 38351876 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway has been proposed to benefit non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. In this manuscript, we investigated the modification of 2-aryl-4-aminoquinazoline, the classical backbone of the fourth-generation EGFR inhibitors, in addition to obtaining a series of novel 2-aryl-4-aminothienopyrimidine derivatives (A1~A45), we also gained further understanding of the modification of this framework. Derivatives were tested for cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines (cervical cancer cell line Hela, lung cancer cell lines A549, H1975, and PC-9, Ba/F3-EGFRDel19/T790M/C797S cells, and human normal hepatocytes LO2) as well as for the derivative's inhibitory activity against EGFRWT, EGFRL858R/T790M, and EGFRDel19/T790M/C797S kinase inhibitory activities. The results showed that most of the target compounds showed moderate to excellent activity against one or more cancer cell lines. Among them, the antitumor activity (IC50) of the most promising A9 against A549 and H1975 cell lines was 0.77±0.08 μM, 6.90±0.83 μM, respectively. At concentration of 10 μM, A9 can be employed as the fourth-generation of EGFR inhibitors with the ability to overcome the C797S drug resistance since it can suppress EGFRDel19/T790M/C797S cells and kinase by 98.90 % and 85.88 %, respectively. Moreover, the tumor-bearing nude mice experiment further shows that A9 can significantly inhibit the growth of tumor in vivo, with the tumor inhibition rate (TIR) of 55.92 %, which was equivalent to the positive group. After that, from the result of HE staining experiment and blood biochemical analysis experiment, A9 show low toxicity and good safety, which is worthy of further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jie He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Shidi Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Li Fu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Pengwu Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Qingshan Pan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
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Duan L, Chu C, Huang X, Yao H, Wen J, Chen R, Wang C, Tu Y, Lv Q, Pan Q, Xu S. Rational design and synthesis of 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl pyrimidine derivatives as potential selective EGFR T790M/L858R inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300736. [PMID: 38381049 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Many patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) initially benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapy. Unfortunately, varying degrees of resistance or side effects eventually develop. Overcoming and preventing the resistance and side effects of EGFR inhibitors has become a hot topic of research today. Based on the previous studies on AZD-9291, we designed and synthesized two series of 2,4-dichloro-6-methylpyrimidine derivatives, 19 compounds in total, as potential inhibitors of the EGFR kinase. The most promising compound, L-18, showed better inhibitory activity (81.9%) and selectivity against EGFRT790M/L858R kinase. In addition, L-18 showed strong antiproliferative activity against H1975 cells with an IC50 value of 0.65 ± 0.06 μM and no toxicity to normal cells (LO-2). L-18 was able to dose-dependently induce the apoptosis of H1975 cells and produced a cell-cycle-blocking effect, and it can also dose-dependently inhibit the migration and invasion of H1975 cells. L-18 also showed in vivo anticancer efficacy in H1975 cells xenograft mice. We also performed a series of in vivo and in vitro toxicological evaluations of compound L-18, which did not cause obvious injury in mice during administration. These results suggest that L-18 may be a promising drug candidate that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cilong Chu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huizhi Yao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caolin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbiao Tu
- Cancer Research Center, Jangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiaoli Lv
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Pan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Xu Z. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated silencing of CD44: unveiling the role of hyaluronic acid-mediated interactions in cancer drug resistance. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2849-2876. [PMID: 37991544 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of CD44 (CD44 Molecule (Indian Blood Group)), a cell surface glycoprotein, and its interaction with hyaluronic acid (HA) in drug resistance mechanisms across various types of cancer is provided, where CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was utilized to silence CD44 expression and examine its impact on cancer cell behavior, migration, invasion, proliferation, and drug sensitivity. The significance of the HA-CD44 axis in tumor microenvironment (TME) delivery and its implications in specific cancer types, the influence of CD44 variants and the KHDRBS3 (KH RNA Binding Domain Containing, Signal Transduction Associated 3) gene on cancer progression and drug resistance, and the potential of targeting HA-mediated pathways using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to overcome drug resistance in cancer were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Xu
- Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Cheng S, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ding C, Peng T, Chen W, Yang K, Zhang J, Tan Y, Wang X, Liu Z, Wei P, Jiang M, Hua Q. Adverse Effects of Gefitinib on Skin and Colon in a Lung Cancer Mouse Model. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:308-315. [PMID: 37723963 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230727143750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gefitinib, an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), frequently causes side effects when used to treat non-small cell lung cancer. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the side effect of gefitinib on the skin and colon of mice. METHODS Male Balb/c nu-nu nude mice aged 4-5 weeks were used as xenograft tumor models, and gefitinib at 150 mg/kg and 225 mg/kg was started at 9 days after the xenograft tumor grew out. The mice's weights and tumor volumes were tracked concurrently, and the mouse skin adverse reactions and diarrhea were observed during the treatment. The animal tissues were subjected to biochemical and pathological evaluations after 14 days. RESULTS Gefitinib effectively decreased the size and weight of transplanted tumors in nude mice, while also lowering body weight and raising indexes of the liver and spleen. Gefitinib could cause skin adverse reactions and diarrhea in mice. Further pathological investigation revealed tight junction- related markers in the mice's skin and colon to be reduced and macrophages and neutrophils to be increased after gefitinib treatment. CONCLUSION The findings imply that gefitinib has negative effects on the skin and colon. Gefitinib- induced skin and colon adverse reactions in mice have been successfully modeled in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chengcheng Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tiantian Peng
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weihang Chen
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiani Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhaoheng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qian Hua
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring, Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
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Çoban G. Structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations for detecting novel candidates for allosteric inhibition of EGFRT790M. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:571-597. [PMID: 37029759 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2194425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) was applied to predict lead compounds for the allosteric inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by screening the library of chemical compounds prepared from the e-molecules chemical database. The library of chemical compounds consisting of 133,083 ligands was composed by evaluating the chemical and physical properties of e-molecules chemicals. The prepared library was screened by CCDC Gold software in the allosteric binding site of EGFRT790M using the library and virtual screening default parameters to filter out, respectively. The GOLD fitness scores 75 and 80 were selected as threshold values for the library and virtual screening processes, respectively. After the docking study, molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) of the top 25 compounds were built for calculating binding free energies from their MDS trajectories. MM-GBSA binding free energies for the compounds were computed from 20 ns MDS, 50 ns MDS and 200 ns MDS trajectories to filter out the candidates. Following MM-GBSA/MM-PBSA binding free energy calculations, six compounds were detected as the most promising candidates for allosteric inhibition of EGFRT790M. The dynamic behaviors of final compounds inside EGFR T790M were searched using structure stability, binding modes and energy decomposition analysis. Besides, the estimated inhibitors were exposed to docking study and MM-GBSA/MM-PBSA binding free energy calculations inside wild-type EGFR, respectively, to be determined their selectivity towards mutant form. Five of the estimated inhibitors displayed estimated selectivity towards EGFRT790M. Besides the ADMET properties of the estimated inhibitors were predicted by PreAdmet tools.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güneş Çoban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Haubrich J, Zwier JM, Charrier-Savournin F, Prézeau L, Pin JP. Different EGF-induced receptor dimer conformations for signaling and internalization. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23356. [PMID: 38071470 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301209r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The structural basis of the activation and internalization of EGF receptors (EGFR) is still a matter of debate despite the importance of this target in cancer treatment. Whether agonists induce dimer formation or act on preformed dimers remains discussed. Here, we provide direct evidence that EGF-induced EGFR dimer formation as best illustrated by the very large increase in FRET between snap-tagged EGFR subunits induced by agonists. We confirm that Erlotinib-related TK (tyrosine kinase) inhibitors also induce dimer formation despite the inactive state of the binding domain. Surprisingly, TK inhibitors do not inhibit EGF-induced EGFR internalization despite their ability to fully block EGFR signaling. Only Erlotinib-related TK inhibitors promoting asymmetric dimers could slow down this process while the lapatinib-related ones have almost no effect. These results reveal that the conformation of the intracellular TK dimer, rather than the known EGFR signaling, is critical for EGFR internalization. These results also illustrate clear differences in the mode of action of TK inhibitors on the EGFR and open novel possibilities to control EGFR signaling for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Haubrich
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Blaquier JB, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Ricciuti B, Mezquita L, Cardona AF, Recondo G. Tackling Osimertinib Resistance in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3579-3591. [PMID: 37093192 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The current landscape of targeted therapies directed against oncogenic driver alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is expanding. Patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC can derive significant benefit from EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, including the third-generation EGFR TKI osimertinib. However, invariably, all patients will experience disease progression with this therapy mainly due to the adaptation of cancer cells through primary or secondary molecular mechanisms of resistance. The comprehension and access to tissue and cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing have fueled the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to prevent and overcome resistance to osimertinib in the clinical setting. Herein, we review the biological and clinical implications of molecular mechanisms of osimertinib resistance and the ongoing development of therapeutic strategies to overcome or prevent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bautista Blaquier
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology, Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Biagio Ricciuti
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Felipe Cardona
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Direction of Research and Education, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Cancer-CTIC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gonzalo Recondo
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology, Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Medical Oncology Department, Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile
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L'Hostis A, Palgen JL, Perrillat-Mercerot A, Peyronnet E, Jacob E, Bosley J, Duruisseaux M, Toueg R, Lefèvre L, Kahoul R, Ceres N, Monteiro C. Knowledge-based mechanistic modeling accurately predicts disease progression with gefitinib in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:37. [PMID: 37524705 PMCID: PMC10390488 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is associated with a low survival rate at advanced stages. Although the development of targeted therapies has improved outcomes in LUAD patients with identified and specific genetic alterations, such as activating mutations on the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR), the emergence of tumor resistance eventually occurs in all patients and this is driving the development of new therapies. In this paper, we present the In Silico EGFR-mutant LUAD (ISELA) model that links LUAD patients' individual characteristics, including tumor genetic heterogeneity, to tumor size evolution and tumor progression over time under first generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. This translational mechanistic model gathers extensive knowledge on LUAD and was calibrated on multiple scales, including in vitro, human tumor xenograft mouse and human, reproducing more than 90% of the experimental data identified. Moreover, with 98.5% coverage and 99.4% negative logrank tests, the model accurately reproduced the time to progression from the Lux-Lung 7 clinical trial, which was unused in calibration, thus supporting the model high predictive value. This knowledge-based mechanistic model could be a valuable tool in the development of new therapies targeting EGFR-mutant LUAD as a foundation for the generation of synthetic control arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle L'Hostis
- Novadiscovery SA, Pl. Giovanni da Verrazzano, Lyon, 69009, Rhône, France
| | - Jean-Louis Palgen
- Novadiscovery SA, Pl. Giovanni da Verrazzano, Lyon, 69009, Rhône, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Peyronnet
- Novadiscovery SA, Pl. Giovanni da Verrazzano, Lyon, 69009, Rhône, France
| | - Evgueni Jacob
- Novadiscovery SA, Pl. Giovanni da Verrazzano, Lyon, 69009, Rhône, France
| | - James Bosley
- Novadiscovery SA, Pl. Giovanni da Verrazzano, Lyon, 69009, Rhône, France
| | - Michaël Duruisseaux
- Respiratory Department and Early Phase, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon Cancer Institute, Lyon, 69100, France
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Raphaël Toueg
- Janssen-Cilag, France, 1, rue Camille Desmoulins - TSA 60009, Issy-Les-Moulineaux Cedex 9, Issy-Les-Moulineaux, 92787, France
| | - Lucile Lefèvre
- Janssen-Cilag, France, 1, rue Camille Desmoulins - TSA 60009, Issy-Les-Moulineaux Cedex 9, Issy-Les-Moulineaux, 92787, France
| | - Riad Kahoul
- Novadiscovery SA, Pl. Giovanni da Verrazzano, Lyon, 69009, Rhône, France
| | - Nicoletta Ceres
- Novadiscovery SA, Pl. Giovanni da Verrazzano, Lyon, 69009, Rhône, France
| | - Claudio Monteiro
- Novadiscovery SA, Pl. Giovanni da Verrazzano, Lyon, 69009, Rhône, France.
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Basu D, Pal R, Sarkar M, Barma S, Halder S, Roy H, Nandi S, Samadder A. To Investigate Growth Factor Receptor Targets and Generate Cancer Targeting Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2877-2972. [PMID: 38164722 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266261150231110053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates multiple pathways, including Mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway, etc. which has a significant role in the progression and metastasis of tumor. As RTK activation regulates numerous essential bodily processes, including cell proliferation and division, RTK dysregulation has been identified in many types of cancers. Targeting RTK is a significant challenge in cancer due to the abnormal upregulation and downregulation of RTK receptors subfamily EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR in the progression of cancer, which is governed by multiple RTK receptor signalling pathways and impacts treatment response and disease progression. In this review, an extensive focus has been carried out on the normal and abnormal signalling pathways of EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR and their association with cancer initiation and progression. These are explored as potential therapeutic cancer targets and therefore, the inhibitors were evaluated alone and merged with additional therapies in clinical trials aimed at combating global cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debroop Basu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Riya Pal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, IndiaIndia
| | - Maitrayee Sarkar
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Soubhik Barma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sumit Halder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Harekrishna Roy
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
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Faisal Hamdi AI, How SH, Islam MK, Lim JCW, Stanslas J. Adaptive therapy to circumvent drug resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer: is it clinically relevant? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:1309-1323. [PMID: 36376248 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2147671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is highly adaptable and is constantly evolving against current targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Despite advances in recent decades, the emergence of drug resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors constantly hampers therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatment. Continuous therapy versus intermittent clinical regimen has been a debate in drug administration of cancer patients. An ecologically-inspired shift in cancer treatment known as 'adaptive therapy' intends to improve the drug administration of drugs to cancer patients that can delay emergence of drug resistance. AREAS COVERED We discuss improved understanding of the concept of drug resistance, the basis of continuous therapy, intermittent clinical regimens, and adaptive therapy will be reviewed. In addition, we discuss how adaptive therapy provides guidance for future cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION The current understanding of drug resistance in cancer leads to poor prognosis and limited treatment options in patients. Fighting drug resistance mutants is constantly followed by new forms of resistance. In most reported cases, continuous therapy leads to drug resistance and an intermittent clinical regimen vaguely delays it. However, adaptive therapy, conceptually, exploits multiple parameters that can suppress the growth of drug resistance and provides safe treatment for cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Imran Faisal Hamdi
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Putra MalaysiaMedicine, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Soon Hin How
- Kuliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Kuliyyah of Medicine, 25200, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Jonathan Chee Woei Lim
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Putra MalaysiaMedicine, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Putra MalaysiaMedicine, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
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14
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cyy-287, a novel pyrimidine-2,4-diamine derivative, inhibits tumor growth of EGFR-driven non-small cell lung cancer via the ERK pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1540-1551. [PMID: 36239356 PMCID: PMC9828441 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been proven to be an effective therapy for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, resistance to EGFR-TKIs limits their clinical application. In the present study, we investigate the antitumor effect and underlying mechanism of a novel pyrimidine-2,4-diamine derivative, cyy-287, in NSCLC. We find that cyy-287 has a high affinity for lung tissue and inhibits the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Interestingly, the significant suppression of migration and induction of apoptosis by cyy-287 are only observed in EGFR-driven but not in EGFR-wild-type (wt) cells. According to the RNA sequencing and KEGG enrichment analysis results, cyy-287 markedly inhibits the MAPK pathway in EGFR-driven PC9 cells, and western blot analysis results further indicate that cyy-287 selectively blocks the ERK pathway in EGFR-driven cells. Meanwhile, apoptosis induced by cyy-287 could be partially reversed by ERK pathway inhibition. Further experiment indicates that cyy-287 inhibits the EGFR pathway in both EGFR-driven and EGFR-overexpressing cells. Interestingly, it only induces apoptosis in EGFR-driven cells, not in EGFR-overexpressing cells. The growth of EGFR-driven cells is suppressed by cyy-287 in vivo, with fewer side effects. Our results suggest that cyy-287 may be a potential therapeutic drug with promising antitumor effects against NSCLC.
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15
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Kardile RA, Sarkate AP, Lokwani DK, Tiwari SV, Azad R, Thopate SR. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel quinoline derivatives as small molecule mutant EGFR inhibitors targeting resistance in NSCLC: In vitro screening and ADME predictions. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 245:114889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Occurrence of hyperprogressive disease following administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung squamous cell carcinoma: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:617. [PMID: 36160895 PMCID: PMC9468829 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy through blocking programmed cell death 1, programmed death-ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 is developing rapidly and has gained increasing attention as a treatment for malignant tumors. However, some patients experience varying degrees of immune-related side effects after undergoing immunotherapy, with hyperprogressive disease (HPD) occurring in severe cases which increases the risk of mortality. The present study discussed the risk factors for HPD following immunotherapy in a case of lung squamous cell carcinoma, after treatment with a combination of anti-angiogenic drugs and biological cytotoxic drugs, the mass was found to have become smaller than before, along with follow-up treatment options, to provide a reference for clinical treatment decisions.
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17
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Shi K, Wang G, Pei J, Zhang J, Wang J, Ouyang L, Wang Y, Li W. Emerging strategies to overcome resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:94. [PMID: 35840984 PMCID: PMC9287895 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family, regulates cell proliferation and signal transduction; moreover, EGFR is related to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. Therefore, EGFR has become an important target for the treatment of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, glioma, cervical cancer, and bladder cancer. First- to third-generation EGFR inhibitors have shown considerable efficacy and have significantly improved disease prognosis. However, most patients develop drug resistance after treatment. The challenge of overcoming intrinsic and acquired resistance in primary and recurrent cancer mediated by EGFR mutations is thus driving the search for alternative strategies in the design of new therapeutic agents. In view of resistance to third-generation inhibitors, understanding the intricate mechanisms of resistance will offer insight for the development of more advanced targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors and review recent strategies for overcoming resistance, new challenges, and future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junping Pei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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18
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Liu R, Zhou J, Ling X. Optimizing Patient Outcomes Through Sequential EGFR TKI Treatment in Asian Patients With EGFR Mutation-Positive NSCLC. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS: ONCOLOGY 2022; 16:11795549221103215. [PMID: 35770234 PMCID: PMC9234848 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221103215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients from Asia with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often have mutations
in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. While an
increasing number of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are
now available for patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC,
most patients inevitably develop resistance to the treatment. Evidence from
clinical studies suggests that treatment outcomes and resistance mechanisms vary
depending on the choice of TKI therapy in the first-line setting. Hence, it is
important to develop optimal treatment sequencing strategies that can provide
maximum survival benefit for the patient. In this review we present clinical
evidence in Asian patients with NSCLC for various EGFR TKIs, with the goal of
supporting the optimization of treatment sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xia Ling
- Department of Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Limited, Shanghai, P.R. China
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19
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Targeting EGFR in melanoma - The sea of possibilities to overcome drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188754. [PMID: 35772580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is considered one of the most aggressive skin cancers. It spreads and metastasizes quickly and is intrinsically resistant to most conventional chemotherapeutics, thereby presenting a challenge to researchers and clinicians searching for effective therapeutic strategies to treat patients with melanoma. The use of inhibitors of mutated serine/threonine-protein kinase B-RAF (BRAF), e.g., vemurafenib and dabrafenib, has revolutionized melanoma chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the response to these drugs lasts a limited time due to the development of acquired resistance. One of the proteins responsible for this process is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this review, we summarize the role of EGFR signaling in the multidrug resistance of melanomas and discuss possible applications of EGFR inhibitors to overcome the development of drug resistance in melanoma cells during therapy.
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20
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Acquired Resistance to Osimertinib in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: How Do We Overcome It? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136936. [PMID: 35805940 PMCID: PMC9266773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib is currently the preferred first-line therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and the standard second-line therapy in T790M-positive patients in progression to previous EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Osimertinib is a highly effective treatment that shows a high response rate and long-lasting disease control. However, a resistance to the treatment inevitably develops among patients. Understanding the secondary mechanisms of resistance and the possible therapeutic options available is crucial to define the best management of patients in progression to osimertinib. We provide a comprehensive review of the emerging molecular resistance mechanism in EGFR-mutated NSCLC pre-treated with osimertinib and its future treatment applications.
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21
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Sibuh BZ, Gahtori R, Al-Dayan N, Pant K, Far BF, Malik AA, Gupta AK, Sadhu S, Dohare S, Gupta PK. Emerging trends in immunotoxin targeting cancer stem cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105417. [PMID: 35718257 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self-renewing multipotent cells that play a vital role in the development of cancer drug resistance conditions. Various therapies like conventional, targeted, and radiotherapies have been broadly used in targeting and killing these CSCs. Among these, targeted therapy selectively targets CSCs and leads to overcoming disease recurrence conditions in cancer patients. Immunotoxins (ITs) are protein-based therapeutics with selective targeting capabilities. These chimeric molecules are composed of two functional moieties, i.e., a targeting moiety for cell surface binding and a toxin moiety that induces the programmed cell death upon internalization. Several ITs have been constructed recently, and their preclinical and clinical efficacies have been evaluated. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the recent preclinical and clinical advances as well as significant challenges in ITs targeting CSCs, which might reduce the burden of drug resistance conditions in cancer patients from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belay Zeleke Sibuh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rekha Gahtori
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir J.C. Bose Technical Campus, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Nainital 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Noura Al-Dayan
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumud Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bahareh Farasati Far
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asrar Ahmad Malik
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Soumi Sadhu
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushil Dohare
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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22
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Abstract
B-Raf is a protein kinase participating to the regulation of many biological processes in cells. Several studies have demonstrated that this protein is frequently upregulated in human cancers, especially when it bears activating mutations. In the last years, few ATP-competitive inhibitors of B-Raf have been marketed for the treatment of melanoma and are currently under clinical evaluation on a variety of other types of cancer. Although the introduction of drugs targeting B-Raf has provided significant advances in cancer treatment, responses to ATP-competitive inhibitors remain limited, mainly due to selectivity issues, side effects, narrow therapeutic windows, and the insurgence of drug resistance. Impressive research efforts have been made so far towards the identification of novel ATP-competitive modulators with improved efficacy against cancers driven by mutant Raf monomers and dimers, some of them showing good promises. However, several limitations could still be envisioned for these compounds, according to literature data. Besides, increased attentions have arisen around approaches based on the design of allosteric modulators, polypharmacology, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and drug repurposing for the targeting of B-Raf proteins. The design of compounds acting through such innovative mechanisms is rather challenging. However, valuable therapeutic opportunities can be envisioned on these drugs, as they act through innovative mechanisms in which limitations typically observed for approved ATP-competitive B-Raf inhibitors are less prone to emerge. In this article, current approaches adopted for the design of non-ATP competitive inhibitors targeting B-Raf are described, discussing also on the possibilities, ligands acting through such innovative mechanisms could provide for the obtainment of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
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23
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Shah MP, Neal JW. Targeting Acquired and Intrinsic Resistance Mechanisms in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Drugs 2022; 82:649-662. [PMID: 35412115 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, rapid advances in molecular profiling and the development of targeted therapies have dramatically improved the clinical course of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are found in about a third of patients with advanced NSCLC, and the approval of first-generation EGFR targeted kinase inhibitors significantly improved survival when compared with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy (PBC), the previous standard of care. Inevitably, selective pressure from first-generation EGFR inhibitors led to acquired resistance mechanisms, such as the T790M mutation. The advent of third-generation EGFR inhibitors (e.g., osimertinib) successfully overcame the T790M resistance mechanism, and osimertinib subsequently became the first-line therapy for EGFR mutant NSCLC. Currently, research in EGFR mutant NSCLC is primarily focused on targeting resistance mechanisms to osimertinib. Over the past several years, many important acquired and intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to osimertinib have been identified. Acquired resistance mechanisms include C797X, mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (MET) amplification, HER2/HER3 amplification, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway mutations, RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway mutations, cell-cycle gene alterations, oncogenic fusions, and histologic transformations. An important intrinsic resistance mechanism to osimertinib is the EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation, which is sensitive to the newly Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor mobocertinib and the EGFR/MET bispecific antibody amivantamab. This review article aims to (1) summarize the advances in the treatment of EGFR mutant NSCLC, (2) delineate known resistance mechanisms to the current first-line therapy, osimertinib, and (3) describe the development of targeted drugs that aim to overcome these resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manan P Shah
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joel W Neal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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24
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Natural alkaloids targeting EGFR in non-small cell lung cancer: Molecular docking and ADMET predictions. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 358:109901. [PMID: 35341731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemicals contribute to the processes of protection and interaction by acting as antioxidants, anti-mutagens, anticarcinogens, and antimicrobial agents. Among the diverse families of phytoconstituents, alkaloids play an essential role in medicine. These are low-molecular-mass compounds containing nitrogen and are generally alkaline. In this study, in silico molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina for thirty-one alkaloids against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Erlotinib was used as a reference ligand for this study. Erlotinib has been linked to various serious side effects over the past decade, including folliculitis, diarrhoea, paronychia, fatigue, conjunctivitis, ectopion, and epiphora of the lower eyelids. This study found sanguinarine (-10.7 kcal mol-1) to be the most potent inhibitor of EGFR as compared to erlotinib (-7.5 kcal mol-1). Other alkaloids namely, isocolumbin (-9.3 kcal mol-1), lunamarine (-9.1 kcal mol-1), ajmaline (-8.6 kcal mol-1), magnoflorine (-8.6 kcal mol-1) and jatrorrhizine (-8.5 kcal mol-1) also showed potent inhibition against EGFR, but the stability of these molecules with EGFR was less than sanguinarine and more than erlotinib. These were stable and ideal pharmaceutical alkaloids because of their significant interactions, minimal Gibbs free energy, safety, effectiveness and selectivity. Amongst the 31 alkaloids subjected to ADMET prediction, 29 alkaloids followed Lipinski's rule of five. These 29 alkaloids were predicted to have high bioavailability, high lead-likeness score, low toxicity and were easier to synthesize. Compared to erlotinib, other molecules showed less or no inhibition of EGFR. The six named compounds listed above may be potent inhibitors for EGFR mutated cancers, as for example non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer.
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25
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Li L, Zhang H, Xie Y, Su N, Su S, Zhang X, Cen W. The Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib Alone and in Combination with Other Drugs in Advanced Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1475871. [PMID: 35251294 PMCID: PMC8896944 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1475871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung cancer is a disease associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, with approximately 2.1 million new cases every year. Anlotinib is a new small-molecule multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor independently developed in China that can inhibit the formation of tumor blood vessels and has a therapeutic effect on various cancers. However, the application of anlotinib in lung cancer needs further investigation. METHODS We collected the progress notes of 43 patients with advanced lung cancer treated at the Oncology Department of Guangzhou Chest Hospital from March 2019 to March 2021. Additionally, we assessed the differences between drug combination therapy and single-drug therapy among patients treated with anlotinib. RESULTS Patients in both the anlotinib-combination and anlotinib-monotherapy groups experienced remission; however, the overall disease control rate in the anlotinib-combination group was higher than that in the anlotinib-monotherapy group. Reexamination via computed tomography showed that patients in the anlotinib-combination group had better recovery than those in the anlotinib-monotherapy group. Although the overall incidence of adverse reactions in the anlotinib-combination group was higher than that in the monotherapy group, most of the adverse reactions were I-II levels and improved after symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSION Anlotinib combined with other therapies is better than anlotinib alone for the management of patients with advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalin Xie
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianlan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchang Cen
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Duggirala KB, Lee Y, Lee K. Chronicles of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Targeting EGFR C797S Containing Triple Mutations. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:19-27. [PMID: 34074804 PMCID: PMC8724843 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase widely expressed in many cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and head and neck cancer. Mutations such as L858R in exon 21, exon 19 truncation (Del19), exon 20 insertions, and others are responsible for aberrant activation of EGFR in NSCLC. First-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib and erlotinib have clinical benefits for EGFR-sensitive (L858R and Del19) NSCLC patients. However, after 10-12 months of treatment with these inhibitors, a secondary T790M mutation at the gatekeeper position in the kinase domain of EGFR was identified, which limited the clinical benefits. Second-generation EGFR irreversible inhibitors (afatinib and dacomitinib) were developed to overcome this T790M mutation. However, their lack of selectivity toward wild-type EGFR compromised their clinical benefits due to serious adverse events. Recently developed third-generation irreversible EGFR TKIs (osimertinib and lazertinib) are selective toward driving mutations and the T790M mutation, while sparing wildtype EGFR activity. The latest studies have concluded that their efficacy was also compromised by additional acquired mutations, including C797S, the key residue cysteine that forms covalent bonds with irreversible inhibitors. Because second- and thirdgeneration EGFR TKIs are irreversible inhibitors, they are not effective against C797S containing EGFR triple mutations (Del19/T790M/C797S and L858R/T790M/C797S). Therefore, there is an urgent unmet medical need to develop next-generation EGFR TKIs that selectively inhibit EGFR triple mutations via a non-irreversible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Babu Duggirala
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangho Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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27
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He X, Hao Y, Liu X, Guan J, Wang L. Noncognate HER2 sensitivity to cognate EGFR allosteric inhibitors at molecular level: New uses for old drugs in gynecological tumors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Pharmacy Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Nanjing China
| | - Ye Hao
- Department of Pharmacy Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Nanjing China
| | - Jing Guan
- Department of Pharmacy Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Nanjing China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Nanjing China
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28
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Reita D, Pabst L, Pencreach E, Guérin E, Dano L, Rimelen V, Voegeli AC, Vallat L, Mascaux C, Beau-Faller M. Molecular Mechanism of EGFR-TKI Resistance in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Application to Biological Diagnostic and Monitoring. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4926. [PMID: 34638411 PMCID: PMC8507869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer in the world. Activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations are a positive predictive factor for EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). For common EGFR mutations (Del19, L858R), the standard first-line treatment is actually third-generation TKI, osimertinib. In the case of first-line treatment by first (erlotinib, gefitinib)- or second-generation (afatinib) TKIs, osimertinib is approved in second-line treatment for patients with T790M EGFR mutation. Despite the excellent disease control results with EGFR TKIs, acquired resistance inevitably occurs and remains a biological challenge. This leads to the discovery of novel biomarkers and possible drug targets, which vary among the generation/line of EGFR TKIs. Besides EGFR second/third mutations, alternative mechanisms could be involved, such as gene amplification or gene fusion, which could be detected by different molecular techniques on different types of biological samples. Histological transformation is another mechanism of resistance with some biological predictive factors that needs tumor biopsy. The place of liquid biopsy also depends on the generation/line of EGFR TKIs and should be a good candidate for molecular monitoring. This article is based on the literature and proposes actual and future directions in clinical and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Reita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
- Bio-imagery and Pathology (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Strasbourg University, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Lucile Pabst
- Department of Pneumology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (L.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Erwan Pencreach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
- INSERM U1113, IRFAC, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Guérin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
- INSERM U1113, IRFAC, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Dano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
| | - Valérie Rimelen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
| | - Anne-Claire Voegeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
| | - Laurent Vallat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
| | - Céline Mascaux
- Department of Pneumology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (L.P.); (C.M.)
- INSERM U1113, IRFAC, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michèle Beau-Faller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
- INSERM U1113, IRFAC, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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29
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Hameduh T, Mokry M, Miller AD, Adam V, Heger Z, Haddad Y. A rotamer relay information system in the epidermal growth factor receptor-drug complexes reveals clues to new paradigm in protein conformational change. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5443-5454. [PMID: 34667537 PMCID: PMC8511715 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can escape the effects of chemotherapy through mutations and upregulation of a tyrosine kinase protein called the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In the past two decades, four generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR have been developed. Using comparative structure analysis of 116 EGFR-drug complex crystal structures, cluster analysis produces two clans of 73 and 43 structures, respectively. The first clan of 73 structures is larger and is comprised mostly of the C-helix-IN conformation while the second clan of 43 structures correlates with the C-helix-OUT conformation. A deep rotamer analysis identifies 43 residues (18%) of the total of 237 residues spanning the kinase structures under investigation with significant rotamer variations between the C-helix-IN and C-helix-OUT clans. The locations of these rotamer variations take on the appearance of side chain conformational relays extending out from points of EGFR mutation to different regions of the EGFR kinase. Accordingly, we propose that key EGFR mutations act singly or together to induce drug resistant conformational changes in EGFR that are communicated via these side chain conformational relays. Accordingly, these side chain conformational relays appear to play a significant role in the development of tumour resistance. This phenomenon also suggests a new paradigm in protein conformational change that is mediated by supportive relays of rotamers on the protein surface, rather than through conventional backbone movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Hameduh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Mokry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic
- KP Therapeutics (Europe) s.r.o., Purkyňova 649/127, Brno CZ-61200, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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30
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Xu R, Luo X, Ye X, Li H, Liu H, Du Q, Zhai Q. SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ Correlate With Hypoxia-Induced Chemoresistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682762. [PMID: 34381712 PMCID: PMC8351465 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance is the major cause of treatment failure and disease progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There is evidence that hypoxia is a key microenvironmental stress associated with resistance to cisplatin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and immunotherapy in solid NSCLCs. Numerous studies have contributed to delineating the mechanisms underlying drug resistance in NSCLC; nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in the resistance associated with hypoxia-induced molecular metabolic adaptations in the microenvironment of NSCLC remain unclear. Studies have highlighted the importance of posttranslational regulation of molecular mediators in the control of mitochondrial function in response to hypoxia-induced metabolic adaptations. Hypoxia can upregulate the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent manner. SIRT1 is a stress-dependent metabolic sensor that can deacetylate some key transcriptional factors in both metabolism dependent and independent metabolic pathways such as HIF-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and PPAR-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) to affect mitochondrial function and biogenesis, which has a role in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in NSCLC. Moreover, SIRT1 and HIF-1α can regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses through metabolism-dependent and -independent ways. The objective of this review is to delineate a possible SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ signaling-related molecular metabolic mechanism underlying hypoxia-induced chemotherapy resistance in the NSCLC microenvironment. Targeting hypoxia-related metabolic adaptation may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for overcoming chemoresistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Minhang Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Minhang Branch, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Minhang Branch, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Zhao Y, Zhu D, Gao J. Molecular analysis and systematic profiling of allosteric inhibitor response to clinically significant epidermal growth factor receptor missense mutations in non‐small cell lung cancer. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Zibo First Hospital Zibo China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College Weihai China
| | - Junzhen Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot China
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32
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Overcoming therapy resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:377-391. [PMID: 35122001 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically changed the clinical prospects of patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations. Despite prolonged disease control and high tumor response rates, all patients eventually progress on EGFR TKI treatment. Here, we review the mechanisms of acquired EGFR TKI resistance, the methods for monitoring its appearance, as well as current and future efforts to define treatment strategies to overcome resistance.
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33
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Kakarala KK, Jamil K. Identification of novel allosteric binding sites and multi-targeted allosteric inhibitors of receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases using a computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6889-6909. [PMID: 33682622 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1891140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
EGFR1, VEGFR2, Bcr-Abl and Src kinases are key drug targets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, CML, ALL, colorectal cancer, etc. The available drugs targeting these kinases have limited therapeutic efficacy due to novel mutations resulting in drug resistance and toxicity, as they target ATP binding site. Allosteric drugs have shown promising results in overcoming drug resistance, but the discovery of allosteric drugs is challenging. The allosteric binding pockets are difficult to predict, as they are generally associated with high energy conformations and regulate protein function in yet unknown mechanisms. In addition, the discovery of drugs using conventional methods takes long time and goes through several challenges, putting the lives of many cancer patients at risk. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to apply the most successful, drug repurposing approach in combination with computational methods to identify kinase inhibitors targeting novel allosteric sites on protein structure and assess their potential multi-kinase binding affinity. Multiple crystal structures belonging to EGFR1, VEGFR2, Bcr-Abl and Src tyrosine kinases were selected, including mutated, inhibitor bound and allosteric conformations to identify potential leads, close to physiological conditions. Interestingly the potential inhibitors identified were peptides. The drugs identified in this study could be used in therapy as a single multi-kinase inhibitor or in a combination of single kinase inhibitors after experimental validation. In addition, we have also identified new hot spots that are likely to be druggable allosteric sites for drug discovery of kinase-specific drugs in the future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaiser Jamil
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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34
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Zhu T, Bao X, Chen M, Lin R, Zhuyan J, Zhen T, Xing K, Zhou W, Zhu S. Mechanisms and Future of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:585284. [PMID: 33262947 PMCID: PMC7686569 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.585284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, renowned for its fast progression and metastatic potency, is rising to become a leading cause of death globally. It has been long observed that lung cancer is particularly ept in spawning distant metastasis at its early stages, and it can readily colonize virtually any human organ. In recent years, cancer research has shed light on why lung cancer is endowed with its exceptional ability to metastasize. In this review, we will take a comprehensive look at the current research on lung cancer metastasis, including molecular pathways, anatomical features and genetic traits that make lung cancer intrinsically metastatic, as we go from lung cancer’s general metastatic potential to the particular metastasis mechanisms in multiple organs. We highly concerned about the advanced discovery and development of lung cancer metastasis, indicating the importance of lung cancer specific gene mutations, heterogeneity or biomarker discovery, and discussing potential opportunities and challenges. We will also introduce some current treatments that targets certain metastatic strategies of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Advances made in these regards could be critical to our current knowledge base of lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Starriver Bilingual School, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Mingyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Zhuyan
- Shanghai Starriver Bilingual School, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Souths Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sibo Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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