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Meka ST, Bojja SL, Kumar G, Birangal SR, Rao CM. Novel HDAC inhibitors provide neuroprotection in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model of rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176067. [PMID: 37751833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the most rapidly growing neurological disorder globally in terms of disability and mortality. While symptomatic treatment is available for PD, there is a critical unmet need for effective disease-modifying therapies. Recently, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), an important class of epigenetic modulators grabbed significant attention as drug targets for neurodegenerative diseases including PD. In this regard, novel pan-HDACi, cinnamyl sulphonamide hydroxamate derivatives (NMJ-2 and NMJ-3), synthesized and characterized in our laboratory, were screened for neuroprotective effects in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) rat model of PD. Twenty-four hours after the bilateral intranigral injection of MPTP, rats were administered orally with NMJ-2 or NMJ-3 (150 mg/kg) daily for 30 days. MPTP administration resulted in a marked rise in lipid peroxidation, and interleukin-1β concentration accompanied by reduced tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels in the striatum compared to the sham group. These biochemical changes were associated with functional motor and non-motor deficits as revealed by loss of motor coordination (rota rod test), impaired grip strength (beam walk test), enhanced rigidity (catalepsy scores), loss of memory (novel object recognition test) and depressive-like behaviour (forced swim test). However, oral treatment with NMJ-2 or NMJ-3, or valproic acid for 30 days significantly attenuated the PD-induced adverse changes in motor and non-motor functions by ameliorating the oxidative stress as well as inflammation, and restoring the dopamine levels in the striatum comparable to the valproic acid group. These results suggest that targeting HDACi could be a rational therapeutic strategy for the development of disease-modifying therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Teja Meka
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sree Lalitha Bojja
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Department of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Sumit Raosaheb Birangal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - C Mallikarjuna Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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2
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Shaikh TB, Kuncha M, Andugulapati SB, Sistla R. Dehydrozingerone alleviates pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175820. [PMID: 37245857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), excessive collagen deposition predisposes to irreversible lung function decline, respiratory failure, and ultimately death. Due to the limited therapeutic efficacy of FDA-approved medications, novel drugs are warranted for better treatment outcomes. Dehydrozingerone (DHZ) is an analogue of curcumin that has been investigated against pulmonary fibrosis using a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in rats. In in vitro, TGF-β-induced differentiation models (NHLF, LL29, DHLF and A549 cells) were adopted to assess fibrotic markers expression and explored the mechanism of action. DHZ administration attenuated the bleomycin-induced elevation of lung index, inflammatory cell infiltrations, and hydroxyproline levels in lung tissues. Furthermore, treatment with DHZ mitigated the bleomycin-mediated elevation of extracellular matrix (ECM), epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), and collagen deposition markers and improved lung mechanics. In addition, treatment with DHZ significantly suppressed the BLM-induced apoptosis and rescued the BLM-induced pathological abnormalities in lung tissues. In-vitro assays revealed that DHZ suppressed the expression of TGF-β-elevated collagen deposition, EMT and ECM markers in both mRNA/protein levels. Our findings showed that DHZ has anti-fibrotic effect against pulmonary fibrosis by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, suggesting that DHZ may serve as a potential treatment option for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taslim B Shaikh
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhusudhana Kuncha
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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Gamage E, Orr R, Travica N, Lane MM, Jacka F, Dissanayaka T, Kim JH, Grosso G, Godos J, Marx W. Polyphenols as novel interventions for depression: exploring the efficacy, mechanisms of action, and implications for future research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105225. [PMID: 37164045 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous animal and human studies have assessed the relationship between polyphenols and outcomes related to depression. However, no comprehensive synthesis of the main findings has been conducted. The aim of this manuscript was to systematically review the available evidence from animal and human studies on the association and the effects of dietary polyphenols on depression and provide recommendations for future research. We based our review on 163 preclinical animal, 16 observational and 44 intervention articles assessing the relationship between polyphenols and outcomes related to depression. Most animal studies demonstrated that exposure to polyphenols alleviated behaviours reported to be associated with depression. However, human studies are less clear, with some studies reporting and inverse relationship between the intake of some polyphenols, and polyphenol rich foods and depression risk and symptoms, while others reporting no association or effect. Hence, while there has been extensive research conducted in animals and there is some supporting evidence in humans, further human studies are required, particularly in younger and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gamage
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rebecca Orr
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Melissa M Lane
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Thusharika Dissanayaka
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jee H Kim
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
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Discovery of N-substituted oseltamivir derivatives as novel neuraminidase inhibitors with improved drug resistance profiles and favorable drug-like properties. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115275. [PMID: 36931117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
To yield potent neuraminidase inhibitors with improved drug resistance and favorable drug-like properties, two series of novel oseltamivir derivatives targeting the 150-cavity of neuraminidase were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. Among the synthesized compounds, the most potent compound 43b bearing 3-floro-4-cyclopentenylphenzyl moiety exhibited weaker or slightly improved inhibitory activity against wild-type neuraminidases (NAs) of H1N1, H5N1, and H5N8 compared to oseltamivir carboxylate (OSC). Encouragingly, 43b displayed 62.70- and 5.03-fold more potent activity than OSC against mutant NAs of H5N1-H274Y and H1N1-H274Y, respectively. In cellular antiviral assays, 43b exerted equivalent or more potent activities against H1N1, H5N1, and H5N8 compared to OSC with no significant cytotoxicity up to 200 μM. Notably, 43b displayed potent antiviral efficacy in the embryonated egg model, in which achieved a protective effect against H5N1 and H5N8 similar to OSC. Molecular docking studies were implemented to reveal the binding mode of 43b in the binding pocket. Moreover, 43b possessed improved physicochemical properties and ADMET properties compared to OSC by in silico prediction. Taken together, 43b appeared to be a promising lead compound for further investigation.
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Sun C, Gao M, Qiao M. Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine compound "Xiaochaihu Decoction" in the treatment of depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114249. [PMID: 36682244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder under the category of depression syndrome in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory. Meanwhile, Xiaochaihu Decoction is a classical TCM formulation regulating Qi, resolving and dissipating stagnation. Clinically, the formulation has long been adopted to treat Shaoyang stagnation syndrome for depression syndrome. In this review, potential targets of action and the corresponding pathways of Xiaochaihu Decoction are explored for depression treatment via network pharmacology. The article also systematically summarizes the active components and pharmacological mechanisms of seven Chinese herbal medicine components in Xiaochaihu Decoction and guides the future study direction of Xiaochaihu Decoction, which may serve a promising treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Mingzhou Gao
- Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Mingqi Qiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
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Jia R, Zhang J, Zhang J, Bertagnin C, Bonomini A, Guizzo L, Gao Z, Ji X, Li Z, Liu C, Ju H, Ma X, Loregian A, Huang B, Zhan P, Liu X. Discovery of Novel Boron-Containing N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents for Overcoming N1-H274Y Oseltamivir-Resistant. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196426. [PMID: 36234966 PMCID: PMC9571049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To address drug resistance to influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), a series of novel boron-containing N-substituted oseltamivir derivatives were designed and synthesized to target the 150-cavity of neuraminidase (NA). In NA inhibitory assays, it was found that most of the new compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory potency against the wild-type NAs. Among them, compound 2c bearing 4-(3-boronic acid benzyloxy)benzyl group displayed weaker or slightly improved activities against group-1 NAs (H1N1, H5N1, H5N8 and H5N1-H274Y) compared to that of oseltamivir carboxylate (OSC). Encouragingly, 2c showed 4.6 times greater activity than OSC toward H5N1-H274Y NA. Moreover, 2c exerted equivalent or more potent antiviral activities than OSC against H1N1, H5N1 and H5N8. Additionally, 2c demonstrated low cytotoxicity in vitro and no acute toxicity at the dose of 1000 mg/kg in mice. Molecular docking of 2c was employed to provide a possible explanation for the improved anti-H274Y NA activity, which may be due to the formation of key additional hydrogen bonds with surrounding amino acid residues, such as Arg152, Gln136 and Val149. Taken together, 2c appeared to be a promising lead compound for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Chiara Bertagnin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Bonomini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Guizzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiangkai Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Han Ju
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiuli Ma
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jiaoxiao Road, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Bing Huang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jiaoxiao Road, Jinan 250023, China
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (P.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (P.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (P.Z.); (X.L.)
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Kumar V, Bala R, Dhawan S, Singh P, Karpoormath R. The Multi‐Biological Targeted Role of Dehydrozingerone and its Analogues. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Renu Bala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Sanjeev Dhawan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville campus) Private Bag X01, Scottsville Durban South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus) Durban 4000 South Africa
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Liu C, Li Y, Wen C, Yan Z, Olatunji OJ, Yin Z. Dehydrozingerone Alleviates Hyperalgesia, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Factors in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3015-3022. [PMID: 36105319 PMCID: PMC9466959 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s374827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with severe inflammatory responses. Dehydrozingerone (DHZ) is a potent bioactive compound found in the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, and it has been reported as an excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. This study evaluated the anti-arthritic effects of DHZ in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Methods CFA administered rats were intragastrically treated with DHZ (100 mg/kg) for 28 days, and arthritis severity was assessed via body weight, arthritic score, paw edema and hyperalgesia. Serum inflammation biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines and liver function enzymes were evaluated. Results The results indicated that DHZ significantly ameliorated arthritis severity as shown by reduced arthritic score, thymus and spleen indexes, paw circumference, paw withdrawal threshold and latency as well as increased body weight gain. Furthermore, DHZ treatment persuasively reduced serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β and 6 (IL-1β and IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). In addition, DHZ observably increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels in treated rats. Conclusion These findings suggest that DHZ possesses anti-RA effect properties via modulating the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yetian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoling Wen
- Anhui Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yan
- The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Zongsheng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zongsheng Yin, Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Upadhyaya K, Sharma PK, Akhtar A, Pilkhwal Sah S. Protective Effects of Zingerone Against Depression-Like Behavior and Biochemical Changes in Chronic Stressed Rats: Antioxidant Effects. J Med Food 2022; 25:576-587. [PMID: 35639359 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger contains zingerone, an active constituent possessing antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The present study was designed to explore the efficacy of the bioactive compound, zingerone, for treating behavioral and biochemical alterations in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). Female Wistar rats were administered zingerone (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg p.o.) once daily for a period of 28 days while being exposed to CRS (6 h/day). Our results indicated that the stressed animals depicted depression-like behavior (reduced sucrose preference and increased immobility time) associated with increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) (cortex), decreased catalase (CAT) (hippocampus and cortex), and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) (hippocampus and cortex). In addition, metabolic alterations were characterized by hyperglycemia and increased glycosylated hemoglobin in the CRS rats. However, no alterations were observed for learning and memory and in the levels of reduced glutathione. Repeated zingerone administration significantly reversed depression-like behavior elicited by CRS in rats. Furthermore, a significant antioxidant effect was exhibited by zingerone, as shown by decreased LPO and enhanced activity of SOD and CAT in chronically stressed rats. The findings of our study demonstrated that zingerone possesses protective actions against chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavioral, biochemical, and metabolic alterations and that its underlying mechanism may be attributed to its antioxidant properties. The results also signify its pharmacological and possible nutritional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Upadhyaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | | | - Ansab Akhtar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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