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Bayliss LT, Lamont-Mills A, du Plessis C. "I Will Die by My Own Hand": Understanding the Development of Suicide Capability in the Narratives of Individuals Who Have Attempted Suicide. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:10497323241235861. [PMID: 38914024 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241235861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Suicide capability is a multidimensional concept that facilitates the movement from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt. The three-step theory of suicide posits that three overarching contributors comprise suicide capability: acquired (fearlessness about death and high pain tolerance), dispositional (genetics), and practical (knowledge and access to lethal means) capability. Although extensive research has investigated relationships between individual contributors of capability and suicide attempts, little research has considered how an individual's capability for suicide develops as a combination of contributors. Given suicide is multifaceted and complex, our understanding of capability development is relatively limited. This potentially negatively impacts prevention and capacity reduction-focused intervention efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how suicide capability develops. Fourteen community-based suicide attempt survivors were recruited using convenience sampling. Individual narratives were collected using open-ended interviews, and data were analysed using narrative analysis. Results indicated that participant narratives contained two elements. The first included how capability development and suicide attempt facilitation were often underpinned by the relational interplay between acquired and practical contributors. For example, participants without a high pain tolerance seeking attempt methods that were perceived to be painless. The second element contained a novel finding relating to the agentic role of participants when deciding and attempting suicide. Agency was revealed within and across narratives emphasising the active role the individual plays in their movement from ideation-to-action. The role of individual agency in coming to a decision to take one's own life and then acting warrants further consideration within contemporary suicide theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T Bayliss
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrea Lamont-Mills
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia
- Academic Affairs Division, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
| | - Carol du Plessis
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia
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O'Donnell S, Egan T, Clarke N, Richardson N. Prevalence and associated risk factors for suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt among male construction workers in Ireland. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1263. [PMID: 38720265 PMCID: PMC11077913 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide among male construction workers are reported to be disproportionally high compared to the working age population. However, there is minimal understanding of the prevalence and associated factors for suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicide attempt among this occupational group globally. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a large sample of male construction workers in Ireland (n = 1,585). We investigated the prevalence of suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts and sociodemographic, occupational, and mental health factors associated with these three outcomes. Multivariable Poisson regression was performed to estimate the prevalence rate ratio of suicidal ideation (model 1 primary outcome), while multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio of non-suicidal self-injury (model 2 primary outcome), and suicide attempt (model 3 primary outcome). RESULTS The lifetime prevalence rate for suicidal ideation was 22%, 6% for non-suicidal self-injury, and 6% for suicide attempt. In univariate modelling, socio-demographic and occupation-specific factors associated with the three outcomes included younger age (suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-injury), not being in a relationship (suicide attempt) and working 35-44 h per week (suicidal ideation and suicide attempt). The mental health factors generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and suicide bereavement were significantly associated with increased risk of the three outcomes. In fully adjusted multivariable models, increasing severity of generalized anxiety disorder and depression were associated with an increased prevalence rate ratio of suicidal ideation, and a higher odds ratio of non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt. CONCLUSION Suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt are significant issues for male construction workers that require specific attention. Findings highlight a need to support younger male construction workers and those bereaved by suicide. They also highlight the need for the early detection and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and depression in order to intervene in, and potentially prevent, suicidality among male construction workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Donnell
- National Centre for Men's Health, South East Technological University (Carlow Campus), Kilkenny Road, Carlow, Ireland.
| | - Tom Egan
- School of Business, South East Technological University (Waterford Campus), Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Clarke
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noel Richardson
- National Centre for Men's Health, South East Technological University (Carlow Campus), Kilkenny Road, Carlow, Ireland
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Sherwin A, Shaw IC. Sixty years of conjecture over a urinary biomarker: a step closer to understanding the proposed link between anxiety and urinary pyrroles. Lab Med 2024; 55:334-340. [PMID: 37699019 PMCID: PMC11064097 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For over 60 years there has been conjecture about the identity of an Ehrlich's test positive pyrrole (Mauve Factor) reputed to be a biomarker for psychological disorders, including anxiety. We reviewed studies that attempt to identify Mauve Factor and subjected authentic standards of the 2 main candidates, kryptopyrrole and hydroxypyrrole, to the Ehrlich's reaction. METHODS Modified Ehrlich's test for kryptopyrrole and hydroxypyrrole were applied to urine samples from 10 volunteers, anxious and nonanxious. RESULTS Based on the mechanistic chemistry of Ehrlich's reaction and reactions of the 2 compounds, Mauve Factor cannot be hydroxypyrrole. Analyses of urine samples from volunteers, identified by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 item scale (GAD-7 ≥10; n = 5) and control urine samples (GAD-7 <10; n = 5) using a kryptopyrrole calibration graph, show that concentrations are similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Kryptopyrrole may be the elusive Mauve Factor. Its possible origin from stercobilin via gut microbiome-mediated metabolism, its link to gut-mediated neurological effects via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, and its predicted interaction with Zn2+ and consequent impact on zinc homeostasis are discussed. The GAD-7 scale does not differentiate between state and trait anxiety and as such, the minimal difference in pyrrole levels between volunteer groups requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sherwin
- School of Physical & Chemical Sciences
- School of Psychology, Speech & Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Schulz W, Hahlweg K, Job AK, Supke M. Prevalence, persistence, and course of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress of mothers and fathers. Results of an 18-year longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:301-310. [PMID: 37805157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems in mothers and fathers are common. This longitudinal study analyzed the prevalence, course, and persistence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress over 18 years in parents based on a sample from the Future Family project (N = 316). METHODS At pre-assessment the children were on average 4.2, the mothers 35.3, and the fathers 38.1 years old. Over time, the parents repeatedly filled out the "Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales" (DASS). Analyses included descriptive methods, Chi2-tests, binary logistic regression models, and different analytical approaches (number chains, transition probability). RESULTS Approximately 6.2 % of mothers and 8.2 % of fathers suffered from borderline clinical or clinically relevant depression (anxiety: 5.4 %/6.3 %, stress: 12.6 %/14.2 %). The largest proportion of the sample was stable healthy over the 18-year period (depression: 89.1 %/86.8 %; anxiety: 90.2 %/86.2 %; stress: 75.3 %/75.7 %), whereas 2.2 % of mothers and 3.9 % of fathers showed chronic symptoms of depression (anxiety: 1.8 %/3.9 %; stress: 5.1 %/9.2 %). The remaining mothers and fathers were distributed among positive, negative, and transient courses. Child's mental health problems and mother's traumatic experiences in childhood were found to be important predictors of maternal chronic symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Based on the selected models, no significant prediction was found for fathers. The average short-term persistence (from one assessment to the next) was 42 % in mothers and 44 % in fathers, the average long-term persistence rates (over 18 years) were somewhat lower (35 %/38 %). CONCLUSION Prevention programs and psychotherapy should be considered as an effective and economic approach to reduce mothers' and fathers' psychopathology in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schulz
- Institute for Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Kurt Hahlweg
- Institute for Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Job
- Institute for Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Max Supke
- Institute for Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
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Nowakowska-Domagała K, Juraś-Darowny M, Podlecka M, Lewandowska A, Pietras T, Mokros Ł. Can morning affect protect us from suicide? The mediating role of general mental health in the relationship between chronotype and suicidal behavior among students. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 163:80-85. [PMID: 37207435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although chronotype has been associated with suicidal behavior, current research suggest that this relationship may be mediated by other factors. The aim of this study was to assess whether chronotype, specifically morningness, may predict suicidal behavior and whether this relationship may be mediated by general mental health, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and/or social functioning among young adults. The study group comprised 306 students: 204 (65.8%) women, 101 (32.6%) men and one who chose not to identify with either option (0.3%). The participants completed The Composite Scale of Morningness, The General Health Questionnaire, 30-item version, Suicide Acceptance Questionnaire and The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Correlations between the continuous variables of interest revealed a weak, but significant, negative association between morning affect (CSM) and suicidal behavior (SBQ-R); a moderate positive association was found between suicidal behavior (SBQ-R) and depression/anxiety, and a weak one between suicidal behavior (SBQ-R) and interpersonal relations (GHQ-30). The models predicting suicidal behavior, and chronotype-related variables as predictors of suicidal behavior, were then tested. Although the morning affect predicted suicidal behavior, this effect became irrelevant when combined with mental health characteristics: psychopathological symptoms of depression and anxiety and the quality of interpersonal relations. Our findings imply that the role of chronotype is secondary to general mental health: mental disorder symptoms should be considered as the core risk factors for suicide and serve as the focus for suicide risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nowakowska-Domagała
- University of Lodz, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Rodziny Scheiblerów 2, 90-128, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Juraś-Darowny
- University of Lodz, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Rodziny Scheiblerów 2, 90-128, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marlena Podlecka
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Neurosis, Personality and Eating Disorders, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Lewandowska
- J. Babiński Specialist Psychiatric Health Care Team, Psychiatric Ward for Children, Aleksandrowska 159, 02-229, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Psychiatry, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Mokros
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Psychiatry, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.
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Men's Depression, Externalizing, and DSM-5-TR: Primary Signs and Symptoms or Co-occurring Symptoms? Harv Rev Psychiatry 2022; 30:317-322. [PMID: 36103684 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Trail K, Wilson MJ, Rice SM, Hunt T, Pirkis J, Seidler ZE. "I Called When I Was at My Lowest": Australian Men's Experiences of Crisis Helplines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159143. [PMID: 35897513 PMCID: PMC9332851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Helplines are an accessible form of support for people struggling with difficulties in their lives and are key services in suicide prevention and intervention. Men’s experiences of telephone helplines are not well understood, despite high male suicide rates. Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional survey with N = 684 Australian men (aged 17–83 years, M = 50.13) using open- and closed-ended questions about their experiences of helplines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics were analysed to investigate differences between men using and not using helplines. Qualitative responses were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Within the sample, 100 men (14.6%) had used a helpline service. Men using helplines were more likely to be unemployed and in younger age brackets than those not using helplines. They were also more likely to report experiencing stressors related to COVID-19, including financial stress and job loss, perceived impact on mental health and relationship breakdown. Qualitative analysis indicated varied experiences of helplines, with men shedding light on how their interaction with a counsellor, the structure of services and their expectations of the service impacted their experience. Conclusions: Further in-depth qualitative enquiry in this space is required, with the objective of understanding how helpline services may seek to better engage with male callers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Trail
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (M.J.W.); (S.M.R.); (Z.E.S.)
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael J. Wilson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (M.J.W.); (S.M.R.); (Z.E.S.)
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simon M. Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (M.J.W.); (S.M.R.); (Z.E.S.)
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tara Hunt
- Lifeline Research Foundation, Lifeline Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Zac E. Seidler
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (M.J.W.); (S.M.R.); (Z.E.S.)
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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