1
|
Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio as a Prognostic Biomarker for Spinal Fusion in Lumbar Degenerative Diseases Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spinal Fusion. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164719. [PMID: 36012961 PMCID: PMC9409976 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine if preoperative albumin-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) is predictive of clinical outcomes in patients with degenerative lumbar diseases undergoing lumbar fusion. Method: 326 patients undergoing posterior lumbar decompression and fusion were retrospectively analyzed. The cumulative grade was calculated by summing the Pfirrmann grades of all lumbar discs. Grouping was based on the 50th percentile of cumulative grade. The relationship between AAPR, intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) severity, and fusion rate was explored using correlation analyses and logistic regression models. Meanwhile, the ROC curve evaluated the discrimination ability of AAPR in predicting severe degeneration and non-fusion. Results: High AAPR levels were significantly negatively correlated with severe degeneration and non-fusion rate. A multivariate binary logistic analysis revealed that high preoperative AAPR was an independent predictor of severe degeneration and postoperative non-fusion (OR: 0.114; 95% CI: 0.027−0.482; p = 0.003; OR: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.0003−0.022; p < 0.001). The models showed excellent discrimination and calibration. The areas under the curve (AUC) of severe degeneration and non-fusion identified by AAPR were 0.635 and 0.643. Conclusion: The AAPR can help predict the severity of disc degeneration and the likelihood of non-fusion.
Collapse
|
2
|
Proteomics of extracellular vesicles in plasma reveals the characteristics and residual traces of COVID-19 patients without underlying diseases after 3 months of recovery. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:541. [PMID: 34035220 PMCID: PMC8146187 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
More and more patients suffered from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have got recovery gradually due to suitable intervention. Increasing data mainly studies the clinical characteristics of recovered COVID-19 patients, and their molecular changes especially proteome changes also play the same important role in understanding of biological characteristics of recovered COVID-19 patients as clinical characteristics do. In our study, we reported the whole lung-ground glass-CT value-average of mild/severe recovered patients 3 months after discharge without underlying diseases was significantly lower than that of healthy subjects. Then we isolated the extracellular vesicles (EVs) of plasma from 19 healthy subjects and 67 recovered COVID-19 patients. Mass Spectrometry was used to catalogue the proteins of these EVs compared to a defined group of controls. Identified 174 proteins were differentially expressed in the EVs of COVID-19 patients compared with healthy subjects, which involved in lipid metabolic process, response to cellular, and response to stress oxygen-containing compound. Besides, we identified several protein of plasma EVs in recovered patients associated with coagulation activity, inflammatory reaction, immune response, and low organ function. In addition, proteins correlating with clinical index such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also detected. Moreover, we also identified many unique or characteristic associations found in the recovered COVID-19 patients, which especially involved the kidney, serum electrolyte levels, and inflammation functions. This finding suggests that monitoring the situation of recovered patients might be useful, especially the indexes of coagulation, inflammation, immunity, and organ function, which can prevent bleeding, reinfection and organ dysfunction.
Collapse
|
3
|
Han Y, Chen J, Li Z, Chen H, Qiu H. Recent progress and prospects of alkaline phosphatase biosensor based on fluorescence strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 148:111811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
4
|
Karhade AV, Thio QCBS, Kuverji M, Ogink PT, Ferrone ML, Schwab JH. Prognostic value of serum alkaline phosphatase in spinal metastatic disease. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:640-646. [PMID: 30792532 PMCID: PMC6461951 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Determination of the appropriateness of invasive management in patients with spinal metastatic disease requires accurate pre-operative estimation of survival. The purpose of this study was to examine serum alkaline phosphatase as a prognostic marker in spinal metastatic disease. Methods Chart reviews from two tertiary care centres were used to identify spinal metastatic disease patients. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine if serum alkaline phosphatase was an independent prognostic marker for survival. Results Overall, 732 patients were included with 90-day and 1-year survival of n = 539 (74.9%) and n = 324 (45.7%), respectively. The 1-year survival of patients in the first quartile of alkaline phosphatase (≤73 IU/L) was 78 (57.8%) compared to 31 (24.0%) for patients in the fourth quartile (>140 IU/L). Preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly elevated in patients with multiple spine metastases, non-spine bone metastasis, and visceral metastasis but not in patients with brain metastasis. On multivariate analysis, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase was identified as an independent prognostic factor for survival in spinal metastatic disease. Conclusion Serum alkaline phosphatase is associated with preoperative metastatic tumour burden and is a biomarker for overall survival in spinal metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya V Karhade
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quirina C B S Thio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megna Kuverji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul T Ogink
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco L Ferrone
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rosalki SB. Enzyme Proffles as Indicators of Susceptibility to Environmental Toxic Agents. Proc R Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/003591577406700724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney B Rosalki
- Department of Diagnostic Chemical Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Taşoğlu Ö, Şahin Onat Ş, Yenigün D, Doğan Aslan M, Nakipoğlu GF, Ozgirgin N. Low bone density in achondroplasia. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 33:733-5. [PMID: 24664201 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Taşoğlu
- Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arita ES, Pippa MGB, Marcucci M, Cardoso R, Cortes ARG, Watanabe PCA, Oliveira JX. Assessment of osteoporotic alterations in achondroplastic patients: a case series. Clin Rheumatol 2012. [PMID: 23179008 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-012-2126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Achondroplasia (ACH) is the most common form of human dwarfism and has been associated with biochemical alterations of the bone tissue, also observed in cases of osteoporosis. The present case series aimed at assessing low bone density, diagnosed with spinal bone mineral density (BMD) analysis and with panoramic radiograph measurements, in ACH patients. Spinal BMD was measured by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar region (L1-L4). On dental panoramic radiographs of the patients, the mandibular cortical width was measured separately on the right and left sides. The Klemetti Index was also assigned as appropriate for evaluating the cortical area below the mandibular foramen. Additional parameters such as patient age, gender, body mass index, and number of teeth were also recorded. BMD results showed that 5/11 cases presented with skeletal osteopenia/osteoporosis diagnoses. Additionally, mandibular cortical erosion was detected in panoramic radiographs in 8/11 cases. The BMD and panoramic radiographic alterations found in this study suggest that the diagnosis of low bone density may have a special clinical relevance in cases of bone tissue disorders, such as achondroplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Saito Arita
- Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
da Silveira VG, de Paula Cognato G, Müller AP, Figueiró F, Bonan CD, Perry MLS, Battastini AMO. Effect of ketogenic diet on nucleotide hydrolysis and hepatic enzymes in blood serum of rats in a lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Metab Brain Dis 2010; 25:211-7. [PMID: 20443057 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-010-9198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet, used for treating refractory epilepsy in children. We have previously shown alterations in nucleotidase activities from the central nervous system and blood serum of rats submitted to different models of epilepsy. In this study we investigated the effect of KD on nucleotidase activities in the blood serum, as well if KD has any influence in the activity of liver enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities in Wistar rats submitted to the lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepsy. At 21 days of age, rats received an injection of lithium chloride and, 18-19 h later, they received an injection of pilocarpine hydrochloride for status epilepticus induction. The results reported herein show that seizures induced by lithium-pilocarpine elicit a significant increase in ATP hydrolysis and alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as a decrease in ADP hydrolysis and aspartate aminotransferase activity. The KD is a rigorous regimen that can be associated with hepatic damage, as shown herein by the elevated activities of liver enzymes and 5'-nucleotidase in blood serum. Further studies are necessary to investigate the mechanism of inhibition of lithium on nucleotidases in blood serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gass da Silveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Anexo, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
SPENCER-LASZLO H, LEWIN I, SAMACHSON J. Studies of Calcium Metabolism in Hyperparathyroidism with Special Reference to the Calcium Tolerance Test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 170:547-60. [PMID: 13915710 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1961.tb00268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
Biomarkers of tissue injury have evolved empirically over the last 50–100 years. With the advent of immunoassays and discovery tools such as RNA expression and proteomics, more systematic approaches to the discovery of biomarkers can be expected in the future. This review discusses the evolution of biomarkers of muscle, liver, heart and brain injury and illustrates that a modern discovery tool, such as mRNA profiling, would have predicted the biomarkers for cardiac injury (heart attacks) that actually evolved over 50 years by empiric approaches. We also discuss how novel biomarkers for brain injury were identified using RNA expression approaches. It is our prediction that there will be a growth in the number of valuable biomarkers for identifying cell and organ injury in the next 5–10 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Laterza
- Merck Research Laboratories, Clinical Development laboratory, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Vijay R Modur
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jack H Ladenson
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Plebani M. Enzymes: Old molecules with new clinical applications. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 381:1-2. [PMID: 17376418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Velásquez-Forero F, García P, Triffitt JT, Llach F. Prostaglandin E1 increases in vivo and in vitro calcitriol biosynthesis in rabbits. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 75:107-15. [PMID: 16876395 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Revised: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostaglandins have an anabolic effect on bone. Possible mediation of this effect is via calcitriol. This study determines in vivo and in vitro effects of PGE(1) on calcitriol synthesis. METHODOLOGY In vivo: rabbits received intravenous vehicle or prostaglandin E(1) (50 microg/day) for 20 days before measurements of serum total and ionic calcium, magnesium and phosphorus levels, total and bone-specific alkaline phosphatases, 25(OH)D(3), calcitriol, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. In vitro: rabbit proximal renal tubules were incubated with 25(OH)D(3) (8 microM) together with PGE(1) (2.82 x 10(-6) M) and the prostaglandin receptor inhibitor AH6809 (10(-4) M) in selected samples. After 5 or 30 min incubation, calcitriol production was measured by radioimmunoassay and data analysed statistically. RESULTS In vivo, in groups receiving PGE(1), levels of total Ca, Mg and calcitriol increased significantly and 25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3), parathyroid hormone and calcitonin remained unchanged. In vitro, PGE(1) increased calcitriol biosynthesis and the prostaglandin inhibitor AH6809 reduced calcitriol levels significantly after prolonged incubation. CONCLUSIONS In vivo and in vitro results demonstrate that PGE(1) stimulates calcitriol synthesis. This study represent a major advancement in knowledge of bone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Velásquez-Forero
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral Oseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Y programa de doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México City, México.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wolf PL. History of diagnostic enzymology: A review of significant investigations. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 369:144-7. [PMID: 16714007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review of the history of diagnostic enzymology includes numerous important publications which were published over 70 years ago by outstanding clinical enzymologists throughout the world. The review includes the clinical enzymology of cardiovascular diseases, skeletal muscle diseases, pulmonary diseases, effusions, neurologic diseases, hematologic diseases, pregnancy, pediatric diseases, cancer, pancreatitis, hepatic diseases, bone diseases and cancer of the prostate. The advent of clinical enzymology thus occurred many years ago.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Wolf
- Clinical Pathology, University of California and Veterans Administration, Medical Centers, San Diego, California, 200 W. Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Goldberg DM. Clinical enzymology: an autobiographical history. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 357:93-112. [PMID: 15950212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2005.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, I review the origins of Clinical Enzymology with special emphasis on the years between 1960 and 1980 when the greatest advances in the subject took place. These are described in relation to my own research interests and contributions, focusing upon subclinical hepatic damage caused by viral infection and by alcohol; myocardial infarction; detection of cervical carcinoma by vaginal fluid analysis; evaluation of pancreatic function; and the clinical implications of microsomal enzyme induction. Reasons are proposed for the failure of enzymology to attain the status of an autonomous medical specialty, in contrast to the success of similar fields of knowledge that grew up in the same era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Goldberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Banting Institute, 100 College Street, Toronto, Canada M2L 1V3.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
COX RP, MACLEOD CM. Alkaline phosphatase content and the effects of prednisolone on mammalian cells in culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 45:439-85. [PMID: 13881912 PMCID: PMC2195181 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.45.3.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The alkaline phosphatase content of different tissue culture cell lines has been shown to vary from no detectable activity to high enzyme concentration. Within the epithelial lines studied alkaline phosphatase is either constitutive or inducible. Two epithelial cell strains in which alkaline phosphatase was "absent" could be induced to develop significant amounts of the enzyme when grown in the presence of Delta(1)-hydrocortisone. Phosphate did not repress enzyme induction by prednisolone. Under conditions of deadaptation the induced enzyme was diluted by cell multiplication. The mouse fibroblastic L line and several human fibroblastic lines did not contain alkaline phosphatase when grown under the conditions described nor could they be induced to produce the enzyme when cultivated in medium with prednisolone. Delta(1)-Hydrocortisone has other characteristic effects on established mammalian cell cultures which vary among cell lines. Human epithelial lines show reduction in cell multiplication with increase in mitotic index. The cytoplasm is increased and cell volume is nearly doubled. Mouse fibroblasts show a similar reduction in cell multiplication with a decrease in mitotic index. There is no increase in cell cytoplasm. Human fibroblast strains show no inhibition of multiplication or alteration in total cell protein when grown in medium containing prednisolone. Antisera prepared against "negative" prednisolone-inducible human cell lines and against a positive human line inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity to an equal degree.
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
MOSS DW, CAMPBELL DM, ANAGNOSTOU-KAKARAS E, KING EJ. Characterization of tissue alkaline phosphatases and their partial purification by starch-gel electrophoresis. Biochem J 1998; 81:441-7. [PMID: 14476530 PMCID: PMC1243360 DOI: 10.1042/bj0810441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
BREUER RI. CHLORPROMAZINE HEPATOTOXICITY MANIFESTED BY A SELECTIVE AND SUSTAINED RISE OF SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; REPORT OF A CASE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 10:727-31. [PMID: 14316761 DOI: 10.1007/bf02236073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
|
24
|
|
25
|
Ranggård L, Norén JG. Effect of hypocalcemic state on enamel formation in rat maxillary incisors. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 1994; 102:249-53. [PMID: 7817148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Several authors have proposed that hypocalcemia can interfere with amelogenesis, resulting in enamel aberrations. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of a diet-induced hypocalcemic state in young rats on enamel formation of the maxillary incisors. The experimental rats were fed a special diet, free from vitamin D and very low in calcium. The control rats were fed a normal diet. The experimental period was 3 wk. After termination, the blood analysis showed that the experimental rats had developed hypocalcemia with very low values of both total and ionized blood calcium. The experimental rats were smaller than their controls after 3 wk, with smaller skulls and teeth. At the light microscope level, the enamel and the ameloblasts did not seem to be affected, except in one rat, the smallest, which showed enamel hypoplasias in both maxillary incisors and a delayed increase of the mineral content during the maturation stage process. It is concluded that the hypocalcemic state induced did not greatly affect enamel formation. However, occasional enamel aberrations may occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ranggård
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University of Göteborg, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The disorder, benign transient hyperphosphatasia, has been defined previously as a condition occurring in a normal child with spontaneous, transient elevation of alkaline phosphatase. We report three cases of hyperphosphatasia in patients with congenital HIV infection and underlying liver disease which appear to satisfy the criteria for benign transient hyperphosphatasia despite the presence of chronic disease. These three children, when compared with three normal children with transient hyperphosphatasia exhibited similar patterns of change in serum alkaline phosphatase. Extreme elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase in HIV infected patients does not of itself suggest alterations in clinical status nor indicate the need for extensive evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Fennoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, Harlem Hospital Medical Center, New York, New York 10037
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee PL, Clinton GM. Serum tyrosine kinase activity and neoplastic disease. Recent Results Cancer Res 1989; 113:32-40. [PMID: 2756235 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-83638-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P L Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, School of Medicine San Francisco 94143
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Some of the many enzymes found in hepatocytes can be measured in the serum and are used as tests of liver function. We now review the current knowledge of their physiology and pathophysiology and outline their clinical usefulness. We divide them into two categories: enzymes that primarily reflect cholestasis, such as the alkaline phosphatase, the 5'-nucleotidase, and the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and those that primarily reflect hepatocellular necrosis, such as the aminotransferases. We also briefly discuss several enzymes of more limited usefulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Reichling
- Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- J W Boyd
- Department of Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Raiczyk GB, Hall JC. Schistosomatium douthitti: biochemical and morphological effects of an experimental infection in mice. Exp Parasitol 1988; 65:187-201. [PMID: 3350101 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(88)90122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological changes that occur in mice experimentally infected with Schistosomatium douthitti were studied. Male ICR mice, 6-8 weeks in age, were exposed to 100 cercariae of S. douthitti from infected snails (Lymnaea catascopium) and sacrificed weekly for a total of 13 weeks. Liver homogenates, serum samples, and histological sections of liver tissue were examined. Results showed that body weights of animals with prepatent infections were higher than those of corresponding controls. After patency, which occurred at 5 weeks, body weights were lower and liver weights were higher resulting in significantly increased liver weight/body weight ratios. Hematocrit values declined progressively in patent infections. Total cholesterol in liver was generally higher in the parasitized groups reaching significance during patency. Values rose with age in both control and parasitized groups, but sooner in the latter. Free cholesterol was increased in the liver of animals with patent infections. Total lipid content of the liver was reduced in the infected animals throughout the study. Both liver glycogen and serum glucose levels in the infected animals rose over the control values. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.1) was elevated in liver tissue of infected mice. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (E.C.2.6.1.2) activity was higher in serum but lower in the livers of animals harboring patent infections. Total bile salt concentration in parasitized animals did not differ appreciably from control values; however, gallbladders were enlarged five times in the infected animals. Histologically, liver sections from infected mice showed granulomas in various stages of formation and degeneration. Granulomas contained from 1 to 40 schistosome eggs. After 6 weeks of infection, granulomas were characterized by many neutrophils and monocytes. Few lymphocytes and eosinophils were present. As the granulomas developed, fibroblasts and connective tissue became more prominent. Glycogen deposits were observed surrounding granulomas and were increased in older infections. Adult worms contained abundant amounts of glycogen and cholesterol in their parenchymal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G B Raiczyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstracts. Clin Chem Lab Med 1988. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1988.26.8.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
33
|
Abstract
Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels were estimated in a group of 40 patients with head and neck cancer. The mean value was significantly higher in patients compared to controls. The increase was higher in cases of ulcerative growths than of proliferative growths, and activity was increased with advancement in the stage of the cancer. After radiotherapy, a gradual and significant decrease in serum ADA activity was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Lal
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Rohtak, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lal H, Madan HC, Kohli GS, Yadav SP. Serum enzymes in head and neck cancer. II. Aliesterase. J Laryngol Otol 1987; 101:819-22. [PMID: 3655536 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serum aliesterase levels have been estimated in 38 patients with head and neck cancer. The mean value was significantly lower than in controls. The decrease in activity was greater in patients with ulcerative growths and it progressed with advancement in the stage of cancer. With radiotherapy, a progressive and significant increase in serum aliesterase activity was observed. In patients with non-malignant growths the activity was comparable with that in controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Lal
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Rohtak, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nilsson LP, Granström G. Changes of serum alkaline phosphatase following mandibular osteotomy in the rat. J Dent Res 1987; 66:1195-8. [PMID: 3476593 DOI: 10.1177/00220345870660062001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum (S-ALP) was characterized and compared with that of non-specific alkaline phosphatase (APase) of hard-tissue origin in the rat. The enzyme was characterized biochemically, and optimal incubation procedures were determined. S-ALP levels were determined before and after mandibular osteotomy combined with different degrees of periosteal reflections. Separation of S-ALP isoenzymes by isoelectric focusing revealed four major bands. A marked decrease of S-ALP activity was seen after osteotomy, and all isoenzymes were affected similarly. After treatment with hyperbaric oxygen, a smaller decrease in S-ALP was seen. S-ALP could be used as a marker for hard-tissue turn-over after surgical procedures.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gremmels HD. Untersuchung verschiedener Plasmaenzyme und Plasmasubstrate beim Birkwild (Lyrurus tetrix L.), Auerwild (Tetrao urogallus L.), Rebhuhn (Perdix perdix L.) und Fasan (Phasianus colchicus L.). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02241757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
The process of cholestasis in both man and rat leads in the majority of cases to the appearance of a biliary band in the electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. In this article, the biochemical nature and mode of formation of the biliary band is discussed, with reference to its appearance in cholestasis and other hepatobiliary diseases.
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Bozzuto TM. Other Enzymes: Creatinine Phosphokinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase, Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, and Alkaline Phosphatase. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8627(20)31003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
40
|
Veltmann JR, Jensen LS, Rowland GN. Excess dietary vitamin A in the growing chick: effect of fat source and vitamin D. Poult Sci 1986; 65:153-63. [PMID: 3960810 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0650153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine the nutritional interrelationship between different fat sources, vitamin D3 (vit D) and excess dietary vitamin A (vit A) in the growing chick. Birds tolerated as much as 30 times the recommended level of vit A without compromising performance or skeletal development as measured by bone ash. The response to excess dietary vit A was not influenced by the type of dietary lipid (corn oil, tallow, or poultry oil). No nutritional interaction between vit A (1,500, 15,000, or 45,000 IU/kg) and vit D (100 or 1000 ICU/kg) was detected as measured by growth, bone ash, growth hormone, incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), or rickets. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity, however, was significantly affected by vit A, vit D, and age of the chicks. The higher vit D level significantly enhanced growth, bone ash, and reduced incidence of rickets, although it had no effect on incidence of TD.
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Blum-Skolnik J, Pace F, Münst G, Minder W. Isoelectric focusing of serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Clin Chim Acta 1983; 129:157-64. [PMID: 6189647 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(83)90211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a new method for the separation of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes based on isoelectric focusing of serum proteins. Sera of healthy subjects studied by this method present seven groups of bands within a pH range of 3-9. To date, the organ source of six out of seven groups has been identified directly or indirectly. Serum of patients with histologically proven malignant neoplasms showed an additional group in the pH range 3.6-4.2. This fraction seems to be heterogeneous with respect to the pattern and stability to heat, and to L-phenylalanine and L-homoarginine inhibition. It was present in all but two of the proven malignant tumour patients but also in 26 out of 70 with benign disorders.
Collapse
|
43
|
Saxena P, Bedi R, Soni G. Effects of vegetable oil factory effluent on the levels of phosphatases and dehydrogenases in the liver and kidney of the freshwater teleost Channa punctatus (BL.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(82)90140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
44
|
|
45
|
Kako M, Toda G, Torii M, Kimura H, Miyake K, Suzuki H, Oda T. Electron microscopic studies on hepatic alkaline phosphatase in experimentally induced biliary obstruction of the rat. GASTROENTEROLOGIA JAPONICA 1980; 15:600-5. [PMID: 7450391 DOI: 10.1007/bf02773764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The alterations of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the rat liver following bile duct ligation were investigated by electron microscopical techniques. Serum ALP activity reached the maximum at 24 hours after ligation and two isozymes of ALP, high molecular and low molecular one, appeared in the serum. Bile canaliculi became dilated at 48 hours after ligation and the microvilli were destructed and diminished in number. ALP activity was observed almost only on the bile canalicular membrane of the liver cells in the control. On the other hand, in the bile duct-ligated rat, the ALP activity on the canalicular membrane was markedly increased initially, then it appeared on the lateral membrane, and finally on the sinusoidal membrane also. It was not stainable on the canalicular membranes which lacked microvilli. The proposed pathway through which hepatic ALP enters the blood stream in bile duct-ligated rats is as follows: ALP, being synthesized in the microsomes of hepatocytes, is initially transferred to the bile canalicular membrane and diffused to lateral membrane through tight junction, reaches to sinusoidal membrane then released into the blood stream.
Collapse
|
46
|
Engstrom C. Odontoblast metabolism in rats deficient in vitamin D and calcium. IV. Lysosomal and energy metabolic enzymes. J Oral Pathol Med 1980. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1980.tb00382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
47
|
Moss DW. Contributions of clinical enzymology to the study of hepatobiliary disease - the enzymologist's view. Clin Biochem 1979; 12:236-8. [PMID: 43781 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(79)80113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
48
|
Abstract
Eighty-eight patients with hormone-resistant Stage IV prostate cancer were treated with a five-drug chemotherapy program. Patient demographic data, prior therapy, symptoms, extent of disease, and laboratory studies were analyzed statistically to evaluate the association of these parameters with survival from the onset of chemotherapy. Factors associated with short survival included age greater than 65, severe bone pain, poor performance status, presence of soft tissue metastases, anemia, elevation of serum LDH, SGOT, alkaline and acid phosphatases, and prolactin, and hypoalbuminemia. Race, stage at initial diagnosis, prior radiation therapy, prior orchiectomy, and elevation of CEA had no prognostic association. We suggest that clinical trials of new therapies of hormone-resistant prostate cancer take into account the presence of these prognostic factors in the analysis of the results of therapeutic programs.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
In summary, of the 460 patients of primary carcinoma of the liver admitted to the University Surgical Unit at the Queen Mary Hospital over a period of 12 years, more than 40% could not be treated, and only 91 of the patients were candidates for curative resection. The cure rate is very small; a 1- to 2-year survival was obtained in 46% of 15 resections. From 1964 to 1969, out of 22 patients with resections, 3 are still alive more than 5 year after the operation. Lin30 reported a 19.1% 5-year survival. When the hepatoma has ruptured and bleeding takes place, surgical treatment is obligatory to control the hemorrhage. Ninety-eight patients underwent a clinical trial of 5 categories: hepatic dearterialization, hepatic arterial cannulation and infusion of 5-FU, hepatic arterial ligation and portal venous infusion of 5-FU, radiotherapy and no treatment. The results show that the advantage of each form of treatment when compared with no treatment is marginal. Thus a gloomy picture of primary hepatoma is held. Since the operative mortality of hepatic resection for a solitary secondary carcinoma of the liver is negligible, it should be done in each instance because a long-term survival may be possible. This is especially true with primary carcinoma of the colon.
Collapse
|
50
|
|