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Farrar A, Feehily C, Turner P, Zagajewski A, Chatzimichail S, Crook D, Andersson M, Oakley S, Barrett L, El Sayyed H, Fowler PW, Nellåker C, Kapanidis AN, Stoesser N. Infection Inspection: using the power of citizen science for image-based prediction of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli treated with ciprofloxacin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19543. [PMID: 39174600 PMCID: PMC11341553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an urgent global health challenge, necessitating rapid diagnostic tools to combat its threat. This study uses citizen science and image feature analysis to profile the cellular features associated with antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. Between February and April 2023, we conducted the Infection Inspection project, in which 5273 volunteers made 1,045,199 classifications of single-cell images from five E. coli strains, labelling them as antibiotic-sensitive or antibiotic-resistant based on their response to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. User accuracy in image classification reached 66.8 ± 0.1%, lower than our deep learning model's performance at 75.3 ± 0.4%, but both users and the model were more accurate when classifying cells treated at a concentration greater than the strain's own minimum inhibitory concentration. We used the users' classifications to elucidate which visual features influence classification decisions, most importantly the degree of DNA compaction and heterogeneity. We paired our classification data with an image feature analysis which showed that most of the incorrect classifications happened when cellular features varied from the expected response. This understanding informs ongoing efforts to enhance the robustness of our diagnostic methodology. Infection Inspection is another demonstration of the potential for public participation in research, specifically increasing public awareness of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Farrar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Conor Feehily
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Piers Turner
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Alexander Zagajewski
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Stelios Chatzimichail
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Derrick Crook
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Monique Andersson
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sarah Oakley
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Lucinda Barrett
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hafez El Sayyed
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Philip W Fowler
- National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Christoffer Nellåker
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Achillefs N Kapanidis
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Nicole Stoesser
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Wang LZ, Oehmichen B, Pariente B, Mohamedi N, Cheng C, Detriche G, Galloula A, Lilo Le Louet A, Messas E, Amar L, Goudot G, Mirault T. Fluoroquinolone Use Preceding Visceral Artery Dissection: A Case Series. Angiology 2023:33197231207945. [PMID: 37855079 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231207945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQ), commonly prescribed antibiotics, may trigger aortic and carotid dissections. We report three successive cases of visceral artery dissection: one patient with celiac trunk dissection and two with dissection of the superior mesenteric artery. These events occurred up to 4 months after 7 to 14 days of FQ treatment (2 cases of ofloxacin, 1 of norfloxacin). There was no other apparent cause of dissection. These dissections were isolated, apart from a minimal aortic dissection separate from the visceral arterial dissection in one case. A case series cannot certify the relationship between dissection and FQ, but it can be hypothesized. The association between fluoroquinolone use and higher occurrence of aneurysm and dissection remains discussed in aortic syndrome. The potential link between FQ and visceral artery dissection is even less described but should be reported in the absence of previous cases in the literature. The pathophysiological theory is the induction of overexpression of some matrix metalloproteinases and a decrease of their inhibitors, provoking a dysregulation in collagen synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Z Wang
- Vascular Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Boris Oehmichen
- Vascular Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Pariente
- Hypertension Center, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Nassim Mohamedi
- Vascular Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Charles Cheng
- Vascular Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Detriche
- Vascular Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Galloula
- Vascular Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Lilo Le Louet
- Pharmacovigilance Center, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Messas
- Vascular Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970 PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Amar
- Hypertension Center, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970 PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Goudot
- Vascular Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970 PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Mirault
- Vascular Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970 PARCC, Paris, France
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3
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Rufai T, Aninagyei E, Akuffo KO, Ayin CTM, Nortey P, Quansah R, Cudjoe FS, Tei-Maya E, Osei Duah Junior I, Danso-Appiah A. Malaria and typhoid fever among patients presenting with febrile illnesses in Ga West Municipality, Ghana. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0267528. [PMID: 37228010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians in areas where malaria and typhoid fever are co-endemic often treat infected patients irrationally, which may lead to the emergence of drug resistance and extra cost to patients. This study determined the proportion of febrile conditions attributable to either malaria and/or typhoid fever and the susceptibility patterns of Salmonella spp. isolates to commonly used antimicrobial agents in Ghana. METHODS One hundred and fifty-seven (157) febrile patients attending the Ga West Municipal Hospital, Ghana, from February to May 2017 were sampled. Blood samples were collected for cultivation of pathogenic bacteria and the susceptibility of the Salmonella isolates to antimicrobial agents was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with antibiotic discs on Müller Hinton agar plates. For each sample, conventional Widal test for the detection of Salmonella spp was done as well as blood film preparation for detection of Plasmodium spp. Data on the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants were collected using an android technology software kobo-collect by interview. RESULTS Of the total number of patients aged 2-37 years (median age = 6 years, IQR 3-11), 82 (52.2%) were females. The proportion of febrile patients with falciparum malaria was 57/157 (36.3%), while Salmonella typhi O and H antigens were detected in 23/157 (14.6%) of the samples. The detection rate of Salmonella spp in febrile patients was 10/157 (6.4%). Malaria and typhoid fever coinfection using Widal test and blood culture was 9 (5.7%) and 3 (1.9%), respectively. The isolates were highly susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin but resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, and meropenem. CONCLUSION Plasmodium falciparum and Salmonella spp coinfections were only up to 1.9%, while malaria and typhoid fever, individually, were responsible for 36.3% and 6.4%, respectively. Treatment of febrile conditions must be based on laboratory findings in order not to expose patients to unnecessary side effects of antibiotics and reduce the emergence and spread of drug resistance against antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanko Rufai
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Enoch Aninagyei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Teye-Muno Ayin
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Priscillia Nortey
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Reginald Quansah
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Samuel Cudjoe
- School of Biomedical and Allied Health Science, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra
| | - Ernest Tei-Maya
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaiah Osei Duah Junior
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Purdue University Biological Sciences, West-Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Anthony Danso-Appiah
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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4
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Heuer C, Preuss JA, Buttkewitz M, Scheper T, Segal E, Bahnemann J. A 3D-printed microfluidic gradient generator with integrated photonic silicon sensors for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4950-4961. [PMID: 36412200 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With antimicrobial resistance becoming a major threat to healthcare settings around the world, there is a paramount need for rapid point-of-care antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) diagnostics. Unfortunately, most currently available clinical AST tools are lengthy, laborious, or are simply inappropriate for point-of-care testing. Herein, we design a 3D-printed microfluidic gradient generator that automatically produces two-fold dilution series of clinically relevant antimicrobials. We first establish the compatibility of these generators for classical AST (i.e., broth microdilution) and then extend their application to include a complete on-chip label-free and phenotypic AST. This is accomplished by the integration of photonic silicon chips, which provide a preferential surface for microbial colonization and allow optical tracking of bacterial behavior and growth at a solid-liquid interface in real-time by phase shift reflectometric interference spectroscopic measurements (PRISM). Using Escherichia coli and ciprofloxacin as a model pathogen-drug combination, we successfully determine the minimum inhibitory concentration within less than 90 minutes. This gradient generator-based PRISM assay provides an integrated AST device that is viable for convenient point-of-care testing and offers a promising and most importantly, rapid alternative to current clinical practices, which extend to 8-24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Heuer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 320003 Haifa, Israel.
| | - John-Alexander Preuss
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Buttkewitz
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 320003 Haifa, Israel.
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
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5
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Jalageri MD, Nagaraja A, Puttaiahgowda YM. Piperazine based antimicrobial polymers: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15213-15230. [PMID: 35424074 PMCID: PMC8698587 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00341k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections are a life threatening concern in several areas, which include the biomedical sector, healthcare products, water purification systems, and food packaging. Polymers with low molecular weight bioactive agents or disinfectants help the scientific community to reduce the lethality rate caused by pathogenic microbes. Antimicrobial polymeric approach is one of the advanced approaches made by researchers in concern with the problems associated with small molecules that restrict their applications in broad spectrum. History reveals the synthesis of numerous antimicrobial polymers using various antimicrobial agents but lacks the use of piperazine molecule, which is of pharmaceutical importance. This review gives an insight into the current and future perspective for the development of piperazine-based antimicrobial polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohara Dhulappa Jalageri
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576 104 India
| | - Akshatha Nagaraja
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576 104 India
| | - Yashoda Malgar Puttaiahgowda
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576 104 India
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6
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Ezhilrani VC, Karunanithi P, Sarangi B, Joshi RG, Dash S. Hydrophilic-hydrophilic mixed micellar system: effect on solubilization of drug. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMixed micellar systems have been tried with the aim of achieving higher solubility of drugs compared to single micellar systems. Hydrophobic-hydrophilic mixed micellar systems have been used for the above purpose for the drug ciprofloxacin in the past. In the present study, a hydrophilic-hydrophilic binary micellar system comprising of pluronic copolymers pluronic F127 and pluronic L64 has been studied for its effect on solubilization of the drug Ciprofloxacin. The solutions of the two individual pluronic and their mixed micellar system with drugs were subjected to characterizations viz. UV-spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, FT-IR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), rheology, and partition coefficient. The mixed pluronic–drug system displayed greater solubility of the drug compared with the neat pluronic-drug systems in most of the characterizations. New C–OH bond formation was evidenced by FT-IR spectra due to drug micelle interaction. The values of free energy changes of micellization were found to be −25 kJ mol−1 for pluronic F127, −74.5kJmol−1 for L-64, and −170.4 kJ mol−1 for the mixed pluronic. This is suggestive of spontaneous and stronger binding of drug ciprofloxacin with mixed pluronic in comparison with that in single micellar systems.
Graphic abstract
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7
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Theoretical study of ciprofloxacin antibiotic trapping on graphene or boron nitride oxide nanoflakes. J Mol Model 2020; 26:135. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Feghhi M, Sharif Makhmalzadeh B, Farrahi F, Akmali M, Hasanvand N. Anti-microbial Effect and in Vivo Ocular Delivery of Ciprofloxacin-loaded Liposome through Rabbit’s Eye. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1245-1251. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1728777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Feghhi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Fereydoun Farrahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akmali
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nasim Hasanvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical, Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
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9
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Qiu H, Gong J, Butaye P, Lu G, Huang K, Zhu G, Zhang J, Hathcock T, Cheng D, Wang C. CRISPR/Cas9/sgRNA-mediated targeted gene modification confirms the cause-effect relationship between gyrA mutation and quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:4995911. [PMID: 29767711 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that have been used for decades in treating bacterial infections in humans and animals, and subsequently bacterial resistance to these agents has increased. While studies indicated the relationship between gyrA mutations and bacterial resistance to quinolones, CRISPR/Cas9 was used in this study to investigate causal role of gyrA mutation in the quinolone resistance. In this study, 818 clinical Escherichia coli isolates were analyzed for gyrA mutations and their resistance to quinolones. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to generate gyrA mutations in quinolone-susceptible E. coli ATCC 25922, and quinolone-resistant clinical E. coli. The antimicrobial resistance prevalence rate in E. coli against nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin was 77.1% (631/818), 51.1% (418/818) and 49.8% (407/818), respectively. The gyrA mutations were identified in nucleotide positions 248, 255, 259, 260, 261, 273 and 300, and mutations at positions 248 and 259 resulting in amino acid changes at positions 83 and 87 were associated with quinolone resistance. Double-site amino acid mutations increase resistance to quinolones. The gyrA mutations causing changes at amino acids 83 and 87 reversed the features of quinolone resistance in ATCC and clinical strains, verifying the causal role of gyrA mutation in the quinolone resistance of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Qiu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Jiansen Gong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 221003, PR China
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Department of Biosciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.,Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Guangwu Lu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Terri Hathcock
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Darong Cheng
- Department of Basic Sciences, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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10
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Senthilkumar M, Sheelarani B, Joshi RG, Dash S. Solubilization and interaction of ciprofloxacin with pluronics and their mixed micelles. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophobic drug ciprofloxacin in the core of mixed micelles of Pluronic F108 and Pluronic L81.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Senthilkumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Annamalai University
- Chidambaram-608002
- India
| | - B. Sheelarani
- Department of Chemistry
- Annamalai University
- Chidambaram-608002
- India
| | - R. G. Joshi
- Condensed Matter Physics Division
- Materials Science Group
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam-603102
- India
| | - Sasmita Dash
- Department of Chemistry
- Annamalai University
- Chidambaram-608002
- India
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11
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Klotz M, Kretschmer M, Goetz A, Ezendam S, Lieleg O, Opitz M. Importance of the biofilm matrix for the erosion stability of Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 biofilms. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11521-11529. [PMID: 35520264 PMCID: PMC9063333 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01955c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Erosion of bacterial biofilms is dependent on the composition of the biofilm matrix and the surrounding chemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Klotz
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
| | - M. Kretschmer
- Munich School of BioEngineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
| | - A. Goetz
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
| | - S. Ezendam
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
| | - O. Lieleg
- Munich School of BioEngineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
| | - M. Opitz
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
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12
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Polymyxin B in Combination with Enrofloxacin Exerts Synergistic Killing against Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00028-18. [PMID: 29632010 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00028-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are increasingly used as a last-resort class of antibiotics against extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacteria. However, resistance to polymyxins can emerge with monotherapy. As nephrotoxicity is the major dose-limiting factor for polymyxin monotherapy, dose escalation to suppress the emergence of polymyxin resistance is not a viable option. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to preserve this last-line class of antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial synergy of polymyxin B combined with enrofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Static time-kill studies were conducted over 24 h with polymyxin B (1 to 4 mg/liter) and enrofloxacin (1 to 4 mg/liter) alone or in combination. Additionally, in vitro one-compartment model (IVM) and hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM) experiments were performed against P. aeruginosa 12196. Polymyxin B and enrofloxacin in monotherapy were ineffective against all of the P. aeruginosa isolates examined, whereas polymyxin B-enrofloxacin in combination was synergistic against P. aeruginosa, with ≥2 to 4 log10 kill at 24 h in the static time-kill studies. In both IVM and HFIM, the combination was synergistic, and the bacterial counting values were below the limit of quantification on day 5 in the HFIM. A population analysis profile indicated that the combination inhibited the emergence of polymyxin resistance in P. aeruginosa 12196. The mechanism-based modeling suggests that the synergistic killing is a result of the combination of mechanistic and subpopulation synergy. Overall, this is the first preclinical study to demonstrate that the polymyxin-enrofloxacin combination is of considerable utility for the treatment of XDR P. aeruginosa infections and warrants future clinical evaluations.
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13
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Alves MM, Bouchami O, Tavares A, Córdoba L, Santos CF, Miragaia M, de Fátima Montemor M. New Insights into Antibiofilm Effect of a Nanosized ZnO Coating against the Pathogenic Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28157-28167. [PMID: 28782933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are arising as promising novel antibiotics toward device-related infections. The surface functionalization of Zn, a novel resorbable biomaterial, with ZnO NPs could present an effective solution to overcome such a threat. In this sense, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of nano- and microsized ZnO coatings was studied against clinically relevant bacteria, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The bacterial viability of planktonic and biofilm cells together with the corresponding biofilm structures revealed that only the nanosized ZnO coating had an antibiofilm effect. To elucidate this effect, a novel approach was taken: preconditioning of bacteria with this ZnO coating followed by exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics with well-known modes of actions. This approached revealed (i) a decreased biofilm formation in combination with gentamycin, targeting protein synthesis, and (ii) an increased biofilm formation in the presence of rifampicin and vancomycin, acting on RNA and cell wall biosynthesis, respectively. The increased bacteria resistance to these two antibiotics gave new insights into the antibiofilm effect of this nanosized ZnO coating. The synergistic effect observed for gentamycin opened new perspectives for the design of effective solutions against implant-related infections. During the in vitro degradation of this nanosized ZnO-coated Zn, a specific corrosion product, hopeite [Zn3(PO4)2], was depicted. Interestingly, the increased deposition of hopeite-derived compounds on MRSA cells surface seemed to be related to unhealthy and dead bacterial cells. This observation suggested that hopeite may well play a key role in this antibiofilm activity. The results obtained herein shed light on the possible antibacterial effect of a nanosized ZnO coating, and strengthened its antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) potential, therefore providing a potentially effective material to overcome the growing trend of implant-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Alves
- CQE, DEQ Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ons Bouchami
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Nova University (ITQB-NOVA) , 2780 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Tavares
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Nova University (ITQB-NOVA) , 2780 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Laura Córdoba
- CQE, DEQ Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina F Santos
- CQE, DEQ Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- EST Setúbal, DEM, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal , Campus IPS, 2910 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Maria Miragaia
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Nova University (ITQB-NOVA) , 2780 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria de Fátima Montemor
- CQE, DEQ Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Peptoids successfully inhibit the growth of gram negative E. coli causing substantial membrane damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42332. [PMID: 28195195 PMCID: PMC5307948 DOI: 10.1038/srep42332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptoids are an alternative approach to antimicrobial peptides that offer higher stability towards enzymatic degradation. It is essential when developing new types of peptoids, that mimic the function of antimicrobial peptides, to understand their mechanism of action. Few studies on the specific mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptoids have been described in the literature, despite the plethora of studies on the mode of action of antimicrobial peptides. Here, we investigate the mechanism of action of two short cationic peptoids, rich in lysine and tryptophan side chain functionalities. We demonstrate that both peptoids are able to cause loss of viability in E. coli susceptible cells at their MIC (16–32 μg/ml) concentrations. Dye leakage assays demonstrate slow and low membrane permeabilization for peptoid 1, that is still higher for lipid compositions mimicking bacterial membranes than lipid compositions containing Cholesterol. At concentrations of 4 × MIC (64–128 μg/ml), pore formation, leakage of cytoplasmic content and filamentation were the most commonly observed morphological changes seen by SEM in E. coli treated with both peptoids. Flow cytometry data supports the increase of cell size as observed in the quantification analysis from the SEM images and suggests overall decrease of DNA per cell mass over time.
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15
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Structure-activity relationship study of novel peptoids that mimic the structure of antimicrobial peptides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:4112-20. [PMID: 25941221 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00237-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant emergence of new bacterial strains that resist the effectiveness of marketed antimicrobials has led to an urgent demand for and intensive research on new classes of compounds to combat bacterial infections. Antimicrobial peptoids comprise one group of potential candidates for antimicrobial drug development. The present study highlights a library of 22 cationic amphipathic peptoids designed to target bacteria. All the peptoids share an overall net charge of +4 and are 8 to 9 residues long; however, the hydrophobicity and charge distribution along the abiotic backbone varied, thus allowing an examination of the structure-activity relationship within the library. In addition, the toxicity profiles of all peptoids were assessed in human red blood cells (hRBCs) and HeLa cells, revealing the low toxicity exerted by the majority of the peptoids. The structural optimization also identified two peptoid candidates, 3 and 4, with high selectivity ratios of 4 to 32 and 8 to 64, respectively, and a concentration-dependent bactericidal mode of action against Gram-negative Escherichia coli.
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16
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Erb ML, Kraemer JA, Coker JKC, Chaikeeratisak V, Nonejuie P, Agard DA, Pogliano J. A bacteriophage tubulin harnesses dynamic instability to center DNA in infected cells. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25429514 PMCID: PMC4244570 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic instability, polarity, and spatiotemporal organization are hallmarks of the microtubule cytoskeleton that allow formation of complex structures such as the eukaryotic spindle. No similar structure has been identified in prokaryotes. The bacteriophage-encoded tubulin PhuZ is required to position DNA at mid-cell, without which infectivity is compromised. Here, we show that PhuZ filaments, like microtubules, stochastically switch from growing in a distinctly polar manner to catastrophic depolymerization (dynamic instability) both in vitro and in vivo. One end of each PhuZ filament is stably anchored near the cell pole to form a spindle-like array that orients the growing ends toward the phage nucleoid so as to position it near mid-cell. Our results demonstrate how a bacteriophage can harness the properties of a tubulin-like cytoskeleton for efficient propagation. This represents the first identification of a prokaryotic tubulin with the dynamic instability of microtubules and the ability to form a simplified bipolar spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella L Erb
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - James A Kraemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Joanna K C Coker
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Vorrapon Chaikeeratisak
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Poochit Nonejuie
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - David A Agard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Joe Pogliano
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
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17
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Taha EI, Badran MM, El-Anazi MH, Bayomi MA, El-Bagory IM. Role of Pluronic F127 micelles in enhancing ocular delivery of ciprofloxacin. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Taha EI, El-Anazi MH, El-Bagory IM, Bayomi MA. Design of liposomal colloidal systems for ocular delivery of ciprofloxacin. Saudi Pharm J 2013; 22:231-9. [PMID: 25061409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmic drug bioavailability is limited due to protective mechanisms of the eye which require the design of a system to enhance ocular delivery. In this study several liposomal formulations containing ciprofloxacin (CPX) have been formulated using reverse phase evaporation technique with final dispersion of pH 7.4. Different types of phospholipids including Phosphatidylcholine, Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine were utilized. The effect of formulation factors such as type of phospholipid, cholesterol content, incorporation of positively charging inducing agents and ultrasonication on the properties of the liposomal vesicles was studied. Bioavailability of selected liposomal formulations in rabbit eye aqueous humor has been investigated and compared with that of commercially available CPX eye drops (Ciprocin®). Pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, Tmax, elimination rate constant, t1/2, MRT and AUC0-∞, were determined. The investigated formulations showed more than three folds of improvement in CPX ocular bioavailability compared with the commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab I Taha
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda H El-Anazi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M El-Bagory
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Al-Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Al-Jouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen A Bayomi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Patel MN, Chhasatia MR, Gandhi DS. Interaction of drug based binuclear mixed-ligand complexes with DNA. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5648-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Attia SM. Use of centromeric and telomeric DNA probes in in situ hybridization for differentiation of micronuclei induced by lomefloxacin. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:394-403. [PMID: 19230000 DOI: 10.1002/em.20451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Classification of micronuclei induced by lomefloxacin, a difluorinated quinolone bactericidal agent, in mouse bone marrow was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using DNA probes for the centromere repeated minor satellite DNA and the telomeric hexamer repeat (5'-TTAGGG-3'). Colchicine and mitomycin C were used as a positive control aneugen and clastogen, respectively, and these compounds produced the expected responses. Single doses of 40, 80, 160, or 320 mg/kg lomefloxacin were given via oral intubations and bone marrow was sampled at 24 and 48 hr after treatment. The micronuclei showed significant increases in both sampling times after doses of 320 mg/kg. A statistically significant increase of micronuclei frequency was also detected for 160 mg/kg lomefloxacin at 48 hr after treatment. The responses were directly correlated with bone-marrow cytotoxicity. Following treatment with 160 and 320 mg/kg lomefloxacin, 48.2 and 50.0% of the induced micronuclei, respectively, showed double labeling with centromeric signals and several telomeric signals, indicating that the induced micronuclei were composed of whole chromosomes. Similarly, 51.8 and 50.0% of the induced micronuclei, respectively, were centromere-negative, demonstrating that lomefloxacin not only induces chromosome loss but also chromosome breakage. The results also showed that chromosomes can be enclosed in a micronucleus before and after centromere separation. Overall, this study provides the first evidence of the potential of lomefloxacin to induce aneugenic effect in mice. However, given the high doses used in this study, the clinical significance of this finding is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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21
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Attia SM. Abatement by naringin of lomefloxacin-induced genomic instability in mice. Mutagenesis 2008; 23:515-21. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gen045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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22
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Zhang CT, Zhang R. Gene essentiality analysis based on DEG, a database of essential genes. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 416:391-400. [PMID: 18392983 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-321-9_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Essential genes are the genes that are indispensable for the survival of an organism. The genome-scale identification of essential genes has been performed in various organisms, and we consequently constructed DEG, a Database that contains currently available essential genes. Here we analyzed functional distributions of essential genes in DEG, and found that some essential-gene functions are even conserved between the prokaryote (bacteria) and the eukaryote (yeast), e.g., genes involved in information storage and processing are overrepresented, whereas those involved in metabolism are underrepresented in essential genes compared with non-essential ones. In bacteria, species specificity in functional distribution of essential genes is mainly due to those involved in cellular processes. Furthermore, within the category of information storage and processing, function of translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis are predominant in essential genes. Finally, some potential pitfalls for analyzing gene essentiality based on DEG are discussed.
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23
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Yu X, Susa M, Weile J, Knabbe C, Schmid RD, Bachmann TT. Rapid and sensitive detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from urine samples using a genotyping DNA microarray. Int J Med Microbiol 2007; 297:417-29. [PMID: 17482874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans, with Escherichia coli being the major cause of infection. Fluoroquinolone resistance of uropathogenic E. coli has increased significantly over the last decade. In this study a microarray-based assay was developed and applied, which provides a rapid, sensitive and specific detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli in urine. The capture probes were designed against previously identified and described hotspots for quinolone resistance (codons 83 and 87 of gyrA). The key goals of this development were to reduce assay time while increasing the sensitivity and specificity as compared with a pilot version of a gyrA genotyping DNA microarray. The performance of the assay was demonstrated with pure cultures of 30 E. coli isolates as well as with urine samples spiked with 6 E. coli isolates. The microarray results were confirmed by standard DNA sequencing and were in full agreement with the phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing using standard methods. The DNA microarray test displayed an assay time of 3.5h, a sensitivity of 100CFU/ml, and the ability to detect fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli in the presence of a 10-fold excess of fluoroquinolone-susceptible E. coli cells. As a consequence, we believe that this microarray-based determination of antibiotics resistance has a true potential for the application in clinical routine laboratories in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Yu
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Germany
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24
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Al-Hiari YM, Al-Mazari IS, Shakya AK, Darwish RM, Abu-Dahab R. Synthesis and antibacterial properties of new 8-nitrofluoroquinolone derivatives. Molecules 2007; 12:1240-58. [PMID: 17876293 PMCID: PMC6149507 DOI: 10.3390/12061240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was the preparation of new 8-nitrofluoroquinolone models and investigation of their antibacterial properties. The work initially involved large scale preparation of the synthon 7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-nitro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (3), followed by introduction of substituted primary amine appendages at the C-7 position to give derivatives 9a-g, in which the amino group is appended to substituted benzenes or aromatic heterocycles, is part of a primary alpha-amino acid or just a simple primary aliphatic amine. This nucleophilic aromatic substitution step was a very simple procedure since the 8-nitro group of the above synthon facilitated the addition of weak nucleophiles at C-7. All compounds prepared were fully identified and characterized using NMR, IR, EA and MS, and were consistent with expected structures. The prepared targets and the intermediates have shown interesting antibacterial activity against gram positive and/or gram negative strains. In particular, the p-toluidine, p-chloroaniline and aniline derivatives showed good activity against S. aureus with MIC range approximately 2-5 microg/mL. In conclusion, more lipophilic groups seem to enhance activity against gram positive strains.
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25
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Ahmed ASMNU, Khan NZ, Saha SK, Chowdhury MAKA, Muslima H, Law P, Islam M, Bhattacharya M, Darmstadt GL. Ciprofloxacin treatment in preterm neonates in Bangladesh: lack of effects on growth and development. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:1137-41. [PMID: 17133159 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000245105.99934.5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinolone-induced arthropathic toxicity in weight-bearing joints observed in juvenile animals during preclinical testing has largely restricted the routine use of ciprofloxacin in the pediatric age group. As histopathologic, radiologic and magnetic resonance imaging monitoring evidence has gathered supporting the safety of fluoroquinolones in children, many pediatricians have started to prescribe quinolones to some patients on a compassionate basis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to ascertain the safety of ciprofloxacin in preterm neonates <33 weeks gestational age treated at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital in Bangladesh. METHODS Long-term follow up was done to monitor the growth and development of preterm infants who were administered intravenous ciprofloxacin in the neonatal period. Ciprofloxacin was used only as a life-saving therapy in cases of sepsis produced by bacterial agents resistant to other antibiotics. Another group of preterm neonates with septicemia who were not exposed to ciprofloxacin, but effectively treated with other antibiotics and followed up, were matched with cases for gender, gestational age and birth weight and included as a comparison group. Forty-eight patients in the ciprofloxacin group and 66 patients in the comparison group were followed up for a mean of 24.7 +/- 18.5 months and 21.6 +/- 18.8 months, respectively. RESULTS No osteoarticular problems or joint deformities were observed in the ciprofloxacin group during treatment or follow up. No differences in growth and development between the groups were found. CONCLUSIONS Ciprofloxacin is a safe therapeutic option for newborns with sepsis produced by multiply resistant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S M Nawshad Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Neonatology, Child Development Centre, Child Development and Neurology Unit, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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26
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Zhang R, Zhang CT. The impact of comparative genomics on infectious disease research. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:1613-22. [PMID: 16697228 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a revolution in infectious disease research, fuelled by the accumulation of a huge amount of DNA sequence data. The avalanche of genome sequence information has largely promoted the development of comparative genomics, which exploits available genome sequences to perform either inter- or intra-species comparisons of bacterial genome contents, or performs comparisons between the human genome and those of other organisms. This review aims to summarize how comparative genomics is being extensively used in infectious disease research, such as in the studies to identify virulence determinants, antimicrobial drug targets, vaccine candidates and new markers for diagnostics. These applications hold considerable promise for alleviating the burden of infectious diseases in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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27
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Radi A, El Ries MA, Kandil S. Spectroscopic and voltammetric studies of Pefloxacin bound to calf thymus double-stranded DNA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:451-5. [PMID: 15657711 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2004] [Revised: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Spectral and electrochemical studies have been carried out on the interaction of pefloxacin with calf thymus double-stranded dsDNA. The voltammetric behavior of pefloxacin was investigated at glassy carbon, carbon paste and dsDNA-modified carbon paste electrodes using cyclic voltammetry. Pefloxacin was oxidized, yielding one irreversible oxidation peak. The modification of the carbon paste surface with dsDNA allowed an accumulation process to take place for pefloxacin such that higher sensitivity was achieved compared with the bare surface. The response was characterized with respect to ionic strength, accumulation time, pefloxacin concentration, and other variables. The stripping differential pulse voltammetric response showed a linear calibration curve in the range 1.0 x 10(-7)-1.0 x 10(-5) mol l(-1) with a detection limit of 5.0 x 10(-8) mol l(-1) at the dsDNA modified electrode. The method was applied to the direct determination of pefloxacin in diluted urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Radi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 34517 Dumyat, Egypt.
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28
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Yu X, Susa M, Knabbe C, Schmid RD, Bachmann TT. Development and validation of a diagnostic DNA microarray to detect quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli among clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:4083-91. [PMID: 15364994 PMCID: PMC516282 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.9.4083-4091.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of resistance against fluoroquinolones among pathogenic bacteria has been increasing in accordance with the worldwide use of this drug. Escherichia coli is one of the most relevant species for quinolone resistance. In this study, a diagnostic microarray for single-base-mutation detection was developed, which can readily identify the most prevalent E. coli genotypes leading to quinolone resistance. Based on genomic sequence analysis using public databases and our own DNA sequencing results, two amino acid positions (83 and 87) on the A subunit of the DNA gyrase, encoded by the gyrA gene, have been identified as mutation hot spots and were selected for DNA microarray detection. Oligonucleotide probes directed against these two positions were designed so that they could cover the most important resistance-causing and silent mutations. The performance of the array was validated with 30 clinical isolates of E. coli from four different hospitals in Germany. The microarray results were confirmed by standard DNA sequencing and were in full agreement with phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Yu
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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29
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Hansen H, Heisig P. Topoisomerase IV mutations in quinolone-resistant salmonellae selected in vitro. Microb Drug Resist 2003; 9:25-32. [PMID: 12705680 DOI: 10.1089/107662903764736319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of high-level fluoroquinolone resistance has rarely been observed in salmonellae and, in contrast to other Gram-negative bacteria mutations affecting topoisomerase IV, a known secondary target of quinolones in Escherichia coli has not been described except for one recent report. The present study used quinolone-susceptible field isolates representing epidemiologically relevant serovars and phage types Salmonella Hadar and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 and DT204c to select fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants in vitro. Three selection steps were necessary to obtain high-level fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants (MICCip > or = 8 microg/ml). All first-step mutants examined had a single gyrA mutation (affecting either Ser83 or Asp87). Additional topoisomerase mutations affecting gyrA (Asp87), gyrB (Ser464), and parC (Gly78) were detected in second- and third-step mutants. Introducing into the respective mutants the corresponding plasmid-coded quinolone-susceptible allele of either gyrA, gyrB, or parC resulted in reduction of quinolone resistance, indicating a role for these mutations in quinolone resistance. In the presence of an inhibitor of RND-type efflux pumps, the susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol of second- and third-step mutants increased by two to four serial dilution steps, providing evidence that an efflux-mediated resistance mechanism contributes to the development of high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonellae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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30
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Vilfan ID, Drevensek P, Turel I, Poklar Ulrih N. Characterization of ciprofloxacin binding to the linear single- and double-stranded DNA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1628:111-22. [PMID: 12890558 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The binding of ciprofloxacin to natural and synthetic polymeric DNAs was investigated at different solvent conditions using a combination of spectroscopic and hydrodynamic techniques. In 10 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 108.6 mM Na(+), no sequence preferences in the interaction of ciprofloxacin with DNA was detected, while in 2 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing only 1.7 mM Na(+), a significant binding of ciprofloxacin to natural and synthetic linear double-stranded DNA was observed. At low ionic strength of solution, ciprofloxacin binding to DNA duplex containing alternating AT base pairs is accompanied by the largest enhancement in thermal stability (e.g. DeltaT(m) approximately 10 degrees C for poly[d(AT)].poly[d(AT)]), and the most pronounced red shift in the position of the maximum of the fluorescence emission spectrum (lambda(max)). Similar red shift in the position of lambda(max) is also observed for ciprofloxacin binding to dodecameric duplex containing five successive alternating AT base pairs in the row. On the other hand, ciprofloxacin binding to poly[d(GC)].poly[d(GC)], calf thymus DNA and dodecameric duplex containing a mixed sequence is accompanied by the largest fluorescence intensity quenching. Addition of NaCl does not completely displace ciprofloxacin bound to DNA, indicating the binding is not entirely electrostatic in origin. The intrinsic viscosity data suggest some degree of ciprofloxacin intercalation into duplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor D Vilfan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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31
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Singh AC, Kumar M, Jha AM. Genotoxicity of lomefloxacin--an antibacterial drug in somatic and germ cells of Swiss albino mice in vivo. Mutat Res 2003; 535:35-42. [PMID: 12547281 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(02)00284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo genotoxicity of lomefloxacin, a diflourinated antibacterial drug, was evaluated by employing mouse in vivo chromosomal aberration test in bone marrow cells and dominant lethal mutation assay in germ cells. Statistically significant reduction in mitotic index, increase in chromosomal aberrations (CAs)/cell and percent abnormal metaphase was observed only at the highest dose (160 mg/kg b.w.) of the drug. In the dominant lethal mutation assay, a statistically significant decrease in the number of implants/female, compared to vehicle control, was noticed only in the females mated with males treated with 32 mg/kg b.w. during the third week of mating, while statistically significant reduction in live implants/female was noticed at both the doses during the second and third weeks of mating. Nevertheless, no significant change in the number of dead implants/female was observed after lomefloxacin treatment. These results seems to indicate that lomefloxacin is a weak clastogen in the bone marrow cells and non-mutagenic in the germ cells of mouse in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh C Singh
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Samastipur College, Samastipur 848134, India
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32
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Piddock LJV. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella serovars isolated from humans and food animals. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2002; 26:3-16. [PMID: 12007640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica usually contain a mutation in gyrA within the region encoding the quinolone resistance determining region of the A subunit of DNA gyrase. These mutations confer substitutions analogous to Escherichia coli Ser83-->Phe and Asp87-->Gly or Tyr, or a novel mutation resulting in Ala119-->Glu or Val. Mutations in gyrB are rare, and no mutations in parC or parE have been described. Quinolone-resistant Salmonella can also be cross-resistant to other agents including chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Increased efflux has been demonstrated and for some strains this has been associated with increased expression of acrB. Mutation in soxR has also been shown for one isolate. Detection of low level resistance (minimum inhibitory concentrations <0.5 microg ml(-1)) to fluoroquinolones is proving an increasing problem in the treatment of invasive Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J V Piddock
- Antimicrobial Agents Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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33
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Cheong HJ, Yoo CW, Sohn JW, Kim WJ, Kim MJ, Park SC. Bacteremia due to quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in a teaching hospital in South Korea. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33:48-53. [PMID: 11389494 DOI: 10.1086/320873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2000] [Revised: 11/08/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) strains are being isolated with increasing frequency. From 1993 to 1998, 40 cases of QREC bacteremia were observed in a teaching hospital; 25 episodes (63.5%) were community-acquired. The incidence of QREC bacteremia increased steadily, from 6.7% to 24.6% during 5 years, and correlated with the significantly increased use of fluoroquinolones (P = .003, r = 0.98). When the 40 QREC bacteremic patients were compared with 80 patients with bacteremia due to quinolone-susceptible E. coli, prior fluoroquinolone use was the only independent risk factor for QREC bacteremia (P = .001). A high APACHE II score was the only independent risk factor for death. The rate of multidrug resistance of QREC was much higher (60%) than that of quinolone-susceptible isolates (13.8%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of these isolates were diverse. Therefore, the isolates revealed little evidence of clonal spread and may have emerged in direct response to the selective pressure exerted by prior fluoroquinolone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Cheong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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34
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Heurtin-Le Corre C, Donnio PY, Perrin M, Travert MF, Avril JL. Increasing incidence and comparison of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium isolates from humans and animals. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:266-9. [PMID: 9854111 PMCID: PMC84233 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.1.266-269.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/1998] [Accepted: 09/29/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the resistance to quinolone of 309 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium strains isolated from humans and animals (cattle, pigs, or poultry) in 1995 or 1996. Nalidixic acid resistance increased from 8.5% in 1995 to 18.6% in 1996. The highest resistance levels correlated with a mutation at Ser-83 (or Asp-82). All strains remained ciprofloxacin susceptible. Human and animal isolates were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the banding patterns of the human isolates most closely matched those of the bovine isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Heurtin-Le Corre
- UPRES 12-34 Microbiologie, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de Rennes I, 35033 Rennes, France
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35
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Ragimbeau C, Salvat G, Colin P, Ermel G. Development of a multiplex PCR gene fingerprinting method using gyrA and pflA polymorphisms to identify genotypic relatedness within Campylobacter jejuni species. J Appl Microbiol 1998; 85:829-38. [PMID: 9830118 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.00597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The two genes gyrA and pflA, whose sequence variability had been previously described, were evaluated separately for their potential value in discriminating strains of Campylobacter jejuni. A single method was then developed by which the two loci were simultaneously amplified using a multiplex PCR procedure, and banding patterns were generated using a pre-selected set of restriction endonuclease enzymes. The method was applied to 18 strains of Camp. jejuni from different poultry sources varying in geographical origin and year of isolation. Results were combined and compared by means of numerical analysis with the classification obtained by flaA-typing and macrorestriction SmaI and KpnI. The usefulness of PCR fingerprinting of the gyrA/pflA genes for rapid ordering of strains by genotypic relatedness and providing additional information for estimating the degree of linkage between strains was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ragimbeau
- Unité de Recherches Hygiène et Qualité des Produits Avicoles et Porcins, CNEVA-Ploufragan, Ploufragan, France
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36
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Dessus-Babus S, Bébéar CM, Charron A, Bébéar C, de Barbeyrac B. Sequencing of gyrase and topoisomerase IV quinolone-resistance-determining regions of Chlamydia trachomatis and characterization of quinolone-resistant mutants obtained In vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:2474-81. [PMID: 9756744 PMCID: PMC105861 DOI: 10.1128/aac.42.10.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The L2 reference strain of Chlamydia trachomatis was exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of ofloxacin (0.5 microg/ml) and sparfloxacin (0.015 microg/ml) to select fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants. In this study, two resistant strains were isolated after four rounds of selection. The C. trachomatis mutants presented with high-level resistance to various fluoroquinolones, particularly to sparfloxacin, for which a 1,000-fold increase in the MICs for the mutant strains compared to the MIC for the susceptible strain was found. The MICs of unrelated antibiotics (doxycycline and erythromycin) for the mutant strains were identical to those for the reference strain. The gyrase (gyrA, gyrB) and topoisomerase IV (parC, parE) genes of the susceptible and resistant strains of C. trachomatis were partially sequenced. A point mutation was found in the gyrA quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of both resistant strains, leading to a Ser83-->Ile substitution (Escherichia coli numbering) in the corresponding protein. The gyrB, parC, and parE QRDRs of the resistant strains were identical to those of the reference strain. These results suggest that in C. trachomatis, DNA gyrase is the primary target of ofloxacin and sparfloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dessus-Babus
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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37
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Gürpinar AN, Balkan E, Kiliç N, Kiriştioğlu I, Doğruyol H. The effects of a fluoroquinolone on the growth and development of infants. J Int Med Res 1997; 25:302-6. [PMID: 9364293 DOI: 10.1177/030006059702500508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and development were monitored for up to 42 months in nine neonates to whom ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, was given in the neonatal period at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day. Ciprofloxacin was used only as a ¿life-saving' therapy in cases of sepsis produced by bacterial agents resistant to other antibiotics. Two other groups of nine neonates, matched by birth weight and gestational age, were studied as controls: one group with sepsis, which was effectively treated with cefotaxime and a group of healthy neonates. No statistically significant differences in growth and development between the groups were found during follow-up for 42 months. No osteoarticular problems or joint deformities were observed in the ciprofloxacin group. Ciprofloxacin appears to provide a therapeutic option as a ¿life-saving' therapy for newborns with sepsis produced by multiply resistant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Gürpinar
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
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38
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Veiopoulou CJ, Ioannou PC, Lianidou ES. Application of terbium sensitized fluorescence for the determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1997; 15:1839-44. [PMID: 9278888 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(96)02041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and pefloxacin (PEF) is described. The method is based on the radiative energy transfer from fluoroquinolones to terbium ions (Tb3+) in the presence of tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in weakly acidic (pH 5.5) micellar solution of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPCI). Optimum conditions for the formation of the fluoroquinolone-Tb(3+)-TOPO ternary complexes have been investigated. Under optimized conditions the detection limits are 1.7, 1.2 and 4.4 nM for NOR, CIP and PEF, respectively, while the range of application for all three drugs is 0.05-10 microM. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of NOR, CIP and PEF in serum samples after deproteinization with acetonitrile (serum-acetonitrile; 1:2, v/v). The mean recoveries from serum samples spiked with NOR, CIP and PEF (5.0-50.0 microM) were (90.3 +/- 4.9), (105.0 +/- 3.6), and (95.3 +/- 1.5)% respectively. Within-run and day-to-day s, values for 5.0, 25.0 and 50.0 microM of each fluoroquinolone varied from 1.7 to 5.4% and from 3.3 to 12.8%, respectively. The influence of several usually coadministered drugs on the determination of fluoroquinolones in serum has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Veiopoulou
- University of Athens, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Greece
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39
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Griggs DJ, Gensberg K, Piddock LJ. Mutations in gyrA gene of quinolone-resistant Salmonella serotypes isolated from humans and animals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40:1009-13. [PMID: 8849216 PMCID: PMC163248 DOI: 10.1128/aac.40.4.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the gyrA genes of quinolone-resistant clinical and veterinary salmonella isolates were sequenced. Substitutions analogous to a substitution of a Ser to a Phe at position 83 (Ser83-->Phe) and Asp87-->Gly or Tyr in Escherichia coli were found, as was a single novel mutation outside of the QRDR resulting in Ala119-->Glu. The data suggest that gyrA mutations are associated with quinolone resistance in veterinary and clinical salmonella isolates and that the limits of the QRDR may require revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Griggs
- Department of Infection, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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40
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Lehn N, Stower-Hoffmann J, Kott T, Strassner C, Wagner H, Kronke M, Schneider-Brachert W. Characterization of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli showing high levels of fluoroquinolone resistance. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:597-602. [PMID: 8904422 PMCID: PMC228854 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.3.597-602.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During the years 1992 to 1994, an increase in fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli was observed at the Medical Center of the Technical University in Munich, Germany. Nineteen strains were collected and were thus available for further analysis. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed clonal diversity in all but two strains. The majority of the patients from whom the strains were isolated had been previously treated with fluoroquinolones. Quinolone resistance was associated with mutations of the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA gene in all cases. Direct sequencing of gyrA PCR amplification products revealed a mutation in codon 83 of the gyrA gene. In some instances the Ser-83-->Leu mutation was accompanied by an Asp-87-->Asn or Asp-87-->Gly mutation. Furthermore, the strains exhibited two different genotypes: in almost half of the fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli strains as well as in the fluoroquinolone-susceptible E. coli reference strains ATCC 25922 and 35218, silent mutations were detected at bases 255, 273, 300, and 333. Although fluoroquinolones solved major problems in antimicrobial chemotherapy, in certain departments of our hospital the number of resistant E. coli isolates has become so high that susceptibility to fluoroquinolones can no longer be taken for granted.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lehn
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Technical University Munich, Germany
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41
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Ouabdesselam S, Hooper DC, Tankovic J, Soussy CJ. Detection of gyrA and gyrB mutations in quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli by single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and determination of levels of resistance conferred by two different single gyrA mutations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:1667-70. [PMID: 7486897 PMCID: PMC162804 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.8.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Twelve quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (nalidixic acid MICs, 64 to 512 micrograms/ml; norfloxacin MICs, 0.25 to 8 micrograms/ml) were transformed with plasmid pJSW101 carrying the gyrA+ gene and with plasmid pJB11 carrying the gyrB+ gene to examine the proportion of gyrA and gyrB mutations. Transformation with pJSW101 resulted in complementation (nalidixic acid MICs, 4 to 32 micrograms/ml; norfloxacin MICs, 0.06 to 0.25 micrograms/ml). In contrast, no change in MICs were observed after transformation with pJB11. A 418-bp fragment of gyrA from the 12 strains was amplified by PCR. Direct DNA sequencing of that fragment identified the causes of quinolone resistance in eight strains as a single point mutation leading to a substitution of the serine at position 83 (Ser-83) to Leu and in four strains as a single point mutation leading to a substitution of Asp-87 to Gly. Exchange of the fragment from one of these strains with that of gyrA+ and transformation of resistance with the hybrid gyrA plasmid indicated the contribution of Gly-87 to resistance and the stabilities of mutants containing GyrA (Gly-87). Thus, gyrA gene mutations are probably encountered more often than gyrB gene mutations in clinical isolates of E. coli. In addition, the substitution of Asp-87 to Gly can be encountered in such strains. On the basis of the level of resistance found in the fragment exchange experiment, the quinolone resistance attributable to Gly-87 appears to be comparable to that attributable to Leu-83. The levels of resistance found in the clinical isolates shown to have a Gly-87 mutation (nalidixic acid MICs, 64 to 512 micrograms/ml; norfloxacin MICs, 0.5 to 4 micrograms/ml) suggest that the Gly-87 mutation causes resistance at the level of the nalidixic acid MIC (64 micrograms/ml) or the norfloxacin MIC (0.5 micrograms/ml or less) and that the additional increments in resistance seen in the other strains with higher levels of resistance may be attributable to additional mutations. The single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis with PCR products readily detected te Leu-83 and Gly-87 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ouabdesselam
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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42
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Oppegaard H, Sørum H. gyrA mutations in quinolone-resistant isolates of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:2460-4. [PMID: 7840589 PMCID: PMC284763 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.10.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
gyrA mutations in quinolone-resistant isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida have been detected by using PCR to amplify the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA and subsequent cloning and sequencing of PCR products. Comparison of nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of PCR products from quinolone-susceptible and -resistant bacteria revealed a serine 83-to-isoleucine substitution in the gyrase A protein of resistant isolates. One of the resistant isolates differed from the other by a two- to fourfold-higher MIC of the fluoroquinolone enrofloxacin and carried an additional alanine 67-to-glycine substitution, which may contribute to the higher level of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Oppegaard
- Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Food Hygiene, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo
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43
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Osheroff N, Corbett AH, Robinson MJ. Mechanism of action of topoisomerase II-targeted antineoplastic drugs. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1994; 29B:105-26. [PMID: 8996604 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)61134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37332-0146, USA
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44
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Soussy CJ, Wolfson JS, Ng EY, Hooper DC. Limitations of plasmid complementation test for determination of quinolone resistance due to changes in the gyrase A protein and identification of conditional quinolone resistance locus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37:2588-92. [PMID: 8109921 PMCID: PMC192746 DOI: 10.1128/aac.37.12.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmid pJSW101 derived from pUC19 and carrying the wild-type gyrA gene was found to be unstable in HM72, a quinolone-resistant (QR) clinical isolate of Escherichia coli, and resulted in no change in quinolone MICs. MICs determined in the presence of ampicillin to ensure plasmid presence, however, resulted in complementation. HM72 was proved to have a gyrA mutation based on the DNA sequence of a 418-bp fragment of gyrA. DNA sequencing identified a common mutation encoding Leu-83 as the cause of QR. To identify loci other than gyrA and nfxB contributing to QR in KF111b, zgh-3075::Tn10 (67 min) in CAG12152 was transduced into KF111b. Sixteen percent of the transductants had a fourfold decrease in norfloxacin MIC, indicating the presence of a locus, nfxD, which contributes to QR. Outcross of nfxD from DH151 (gyrA nfxB nfxD zgh-3075::Tn10) resulted in 8% of the KF130 gyrA, 2% of the EN226-3 gyrA, and none of the KL16 (wild-type) transductants, with a four- to eightfold increase in norfloxacin MIC. In the presence of ampicillin, the resistance of a gyrA nfxD double mutant, DH161 nfxD gyrA (from EN226-3), was fully complemented by gyrA+. Thus, gyrA+ plasmid complementation tests for QR may be falsely negative with plasmid instability, a difficulty which may be circumvented by maintenance of plasmid selection. In addition, if nfxD-like mutations occur in gyrA clinical isolates, a positive test may overestimate the level of resistance attributable to gyrA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Soussy
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université de Paris XII, Créteil, France
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45
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Abstract
Ciprofloxacin, a new broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, has recently become available in topical ophthalmic solution (3 mg/ml) for the treatment of bacterial keratitis. It has rapidly become the drug of choice in treating bacterial keratitis. We treated three patients with bacterial corneal ulcers that were resistant to ciprofloxacin, yet were effectively treated with other topical antimicrobial agents. The initial culture results are important in the therapy of corneal ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Snyder
- Krieger Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, MD 21215-5271
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46
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Bonten M, Stobberingh E, Philips J, Houben A. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli in fecal samples of healthy people in two different areas in an industrialized country. Infection 1992; 20:258-62. [PMID: 1428182 DOI: 10.1007/bf01710790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fecal samples of 310 healthy persons, from two populations from different areas in the Netherlands, were examined for the presence of Escherichia coli resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin. High prevalences of resistance were found in both populations, ranging from 28% for trimethoprim to 89% for ampicillin. The percentages of the fecal samples with a dominantly resistant E. coli flora (> 50% resistance) were distinctly lower, ranging from 1% for nitrofurantoin to 21% for tetracycline. No significant differences in the level of resistance were observed between these two comparable populations in two different areas. The susceptibilities to 11 antimicrobial agents of 456 at random isolated E. coli were determined. The percentages of resistance varied widely: from 80% for chloramphenicol to 9% for nitrofurantoin. Only 19% of the isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested and 14% were resistant to more than four of the agents tested. Great differences in resistance rates between the two populations examined were seen for chloramphenicol (80% to 41%) and trimethoprim (16% to 36%). The results of this study underscore the presence of a human reservoir of antibiotic resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonten
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, State University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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47
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Fluit A, Visser M. Nucleic acid analysis of antibiotic resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents 1992; 1:205-21. [DOI: 10.1016/0924-8579(92)90031-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/1992] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Wadworth AN, Goa KL. Lomefloxacin. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. Drugs 1991; 42:1018-60. [PMID: 1724637 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199142060-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial efficacy of oral lomefloxacin has been investigated in a wide variety of infections, including respiratory and uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections, obstetric, gynaecological, joint, skin, oral, ear, nose, throat and eye infections. It has also been used as an otic solution in patients with otitis media and as an ophthalmic solution in the treatment of eye infections. In clinical trials its efficacy is equivalent to that of other quinolones and it is at least as effective as other antibacterial drugs ordinarily used in these infections. Lomefloxacin offers certain advantages compared with other quinolone antibacterial drugs in that it may be conveniently administered once daily and theophylline dosage adjustment does not appear to be necessary in patients receiving this bronchodilator concomitantly. Thus, orally administered lomefloxacin should prove a useful broad spectrum antibacterial drug for a wide variety of clinical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Wadworth
- Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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49
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Oram M, Fisher LM. 4-Quinolone resistance mutations in the DNA gyrase of Escherichia coli clinical isolates identified by using the polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35:387-9. [PMID: 1850972 PMCID: PMC245014 DOI: 10.1128/aac.35.2.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven nalidixic acid-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were shown to carry resistance mutations in their gyrase A proteins. Six had serine-83 to leucine or tryptophan changes; the seventh had an aspartate-87 to valine substitution. The frequent occurrence of a mutation at serine-83 implies a key role for this residue in quinolone action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oram
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Sreedharan S, Oram M, Jensen B, Peterson LR, Fisher LM. DNA gyrase gyrA mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus: close similarity with quinolone resistance mutations in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1990; 172:7260-2. [PMID: 2174869 PMCID: PMC210851 DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.12.7260-7262.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The gyrA genes isolated from three ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus carried codon 84 (serine----leucine) and/or codon 85 (serine----proline) mutations that were absent in pretreatment susceptible strains. These substitutions occur in a region of the gyrase A protein wherein directly analogous mutations of serine 83----leucine and alanine 84----proline in Escherichia coli confer quinolone resistance. Thus, DNA gyrase A subunit mutations are implicated in resistance to ciprofloxacin in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sreedharan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, United Kingdom
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