1
|
Lecarpentier Y, Claes V, Hébert JL, Schussler O, Vallée A. Mechanical and Thermodynamic Properties of Non-Muscle Contractile Tissues: The Myofibroblast and the Molecular Motor Non-Muscle Myosin Type IIA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7738. [PMID: 34299379 PMCID: PMC8306181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are contractile cells found in multiple tissues. They are physiological cells as in the human placenta and can be obtained from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after differentiation by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). They are also found in the stroma of cancerous tissues and can be located in non-muscle contractile tissues. When stimulated by an electric current or after exposure to KCl, these tissues contract. They relax either by lowering the intracellular Ca2+ concentration (by means of isosorbide dinitrate or sildenafil) or by inhibiting actin-myosin interactions (by means of 2,3-butanedione monoxime or blebbistatin). Their shortening velocity and their developed tension are dramatically low compared to those of muscles. Like sarcomeric and smooth muscles, they obey Frank-Starling's law and exhibit the Hill hyperbolic tension-velocity relationship. The molecular motor of the myofibroblast is the non-muscle myosin type IIA (NMIIA). Its essential characteristic is the extreme slowness of its molecular kinetics. In contrast, NMIIA develops a unitary force similar to that of muscle myosins. From a thermodynamic point of view, non-muscle contractile tissues containing NMIIA operate extremely close to equilibrium in a linear stationary mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien, 77100 Meaux, France
| | - Victor Claes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2180 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Jean-Louis Hébert
- Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Olivier Schussler
- Département de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris-Descartes Université, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lecarpentier Y, Schussler O, Sakic A, Rincon-Garriz JM, Soulie P, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Kindler V. Human Bone Marrow Contains Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells That Differentiate In Vitro into Contractile Myofibroblasts Controlling T Lymphocyte Proliferation. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6134787. [PMID: 29853916 PMCID: PMC5949154 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6134787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSC) that reside in the bone marrow (BM) can be amplified in vitro. In 2-dimension (D) cultures, MSC exhibit a morphology similar to fibroblasts, are able to inhibit T lymphocyte and natural killer cell proliferation, and can be differentiated into adipocytes, chondrocytes, or osteoblasts if exposed to specific media. Here we show that medullar MSC cultured in 2D formed an adherent stroma of cells expressing well-organized microfilaments containing α-smooth muscle actin and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA. MSC could be grown in 3D in collagen membranes generating a structure which, upon exposition to 50 mM KCl or to an alternating electric current, developed a contractile strength that averaged 34 and 45 μN/mm2, respectively. Such mechanical tension was similar in intensity and in duration to that of human placenta and was annihilated by isosorbide dinitrate or 2,3-butanedione monoxime. Membranes devoid of MSC did not exhibit a significant contractility. Moreover, MSC nested in collagen membranes were able to control T lymphocyte proliferation, and differentiated into adipocytes, chondrocytes, or osteoblasts. Our observations show that BM-derived MSC cultured in collagen membranes spontaneously differentiate into contractile myofibroblasts exhibiting unexpected properties in terms of cell differentiation potential and of immunomodulatory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francillien, 77104 Meaux, France
| | - Olivier Schussler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Laboratory, University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonija Sakic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José Maria Rincon-Garriz
- Department of Specialties in Medicine, Hematology Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Priscilla Soulie
- Department of Histology, Centre Médical Universitaire Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Luce Bochaton-Piallat
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Kindler
- Department of Specialties in Medicine, Hematology Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lecarpentier Y, Schussler O, Claes V, Vallée A. The Myofibroblast: TGFβ-1, A Conductor which Plays a Key Role in Fibrosis by Regulating the Balance between PPARγ and the Canonical WNT Pathway. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.11131/2017/101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEP), Meaux, France
| | - Olivier Schussler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, HUG/CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victor Claes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lecarpentier Y, Claes V, Hébert JL, Krokidis X, Blanc FX, Michel F, Timbely O. Statistical Mechanics of the Human Placenta: A Stationary State of a Near-Equilibrium System in a Linear Regime. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142471. [PMID: 26569482 PMCID: PMC4646433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All near-equilibrium systems under linear regime evolve to stationary states in which there is constant entropy production rate. In an open chemical system that exchanges matter and energy with the exterior, we can identify both the energy and entropy flows associated with the exchange of matter and energy. This can be achieved by applying statistical mechanics (SM), which links the microscopic properties of a system to its bulk properties. In the case of contractile tissues such as human placenta, Huxley's equations offer a phenomenological formalism for applying SM. SM was investigated in human placental stem villi (PSV) (n = 40). PSV were stimulated by means of KCl exposure (n = 20) and tetanic electrical stimulation (n = 20). This made it possible to determine statistical entropy (S), internal energy (E), affinity (A), thermodynamic force (A / T) (T: temperature), thermodynamic flow (v) and entropy production rate (A / T x v). We found that PSV operated near equilibrium, i.e., A ≺≺ 2500 J/mol and in a stationary linear regime, i.e., (A / T) varied linearly with v. As v was dramatically low, entropy production rate which quantified irreversibility of chemical processes appeared to be the lowest ever observed in any contractile system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, Meaux, France
| | - Victor Claes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Hébert
- Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Xénophon Krokidis
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, Meaux, France
| | | | - Francine Michel
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, Meaux, France
| | - Oumar Timbely
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, Meaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lecarpentier Y, Claes V, Lecarpentier E, Guerin C, Hébert JL, Arsalane A, Moumen A, Krokidis X, Michel F, Timbely O. Ultraslow myosin molecular motors of placental contractile stem villi in humans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108814. [PMID: 25268142 PMCID: PMC4182608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human placental stem villi (PSV) present contractile properties. In vitro mechanics were investigated in 40 human PSV. Contraction of PSV was induced by both KCl exposure (n = 20) and electrical tetanic stimulation (n = 20). Isotonic contractions were registered at several load levels ranging from zero-load up to isometric load. The tension-velocity relationship was found to be hyperbolic. This made it possible to apply the A. Huxley formalism for determining the rate constants for myosin cross-bridge (CB) attachment and detachment, CB single force, catalytic constant, myosin content, and maximum myosin ATPase activity. These molecular characteristics of myosin CBs did not differ under either KCl exposure or tetanus. A comparative approach was established from studies previously published in the literature and driven by mean of a similar method. As compared to that described in mammalian striated muscles, we showed that in human PSV, myosin CB rate constants for attachment and detachment were about 103 times lower whereas myosin ATPase activity was 105 times lower. Up to now, CB kinetics of contractile cells arranged along the long axis of the placental sheath appeared to be the slowest ever observed in any mammalian contractile tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, Meaux, France
| | - Victor Claes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Edouard Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, Meaux, France
- INSERM U767, Université Descartes Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Guerin
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, Meaux, France
| | - Jean-Louis Hébert
- Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Abdelilah Arsalane
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, Meaux, France
| | - Abdelouahab Moumen
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, Meaux, France
| | - Xénophon Krokidis
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, Meaux, France
| | - Francine Michel
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, Meaux, France
| | - Oumar Timbely
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, Meaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lecarpentier E, Claes V, Timbely O, Hébert JL, Arsalane A, Moumen A, Guerin C, Guizard M, Michel F, Lecarpentier Y. Role of both actin-myosin cross bridges and NO-cGMP pathway modulators in the contraction and relaxation of human placental stem villi. Placenta 2013; 34:1163-9. [PMID: 24183754 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human placental stem villi (PSV) present contractile properties. We studied the role of actin-myosin cross bridges (CBs) and the effects of NO-cGMP pathway modulators in the PSV contraction and relaxation. METHODS In vitro contractile properties were investigated in 71 PSV from term human placentas studied according to their long axis. Contraction was induced by both KCl and electrical tetanic stimulation. Relaxation was induced by inhibiting the CB cycle with either 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) or blebbistatin (BLE) and by activating the NO-cGMP pathway with isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), sildenafil (SIL) or ISDN + SIL. RESULTS PSV tension slowly increased by 140% of the basal tone after KCl exposure and by 85% after tetanus. The addition of BDM, BLE, ISDN, SIL and ISDN + SIL induced a relaxation of PSV, the overall time course of relaxation (in s) was respectively (means ± SD) 3412 ± 1904, 14,250 ± 3095*, 3813 ± 1383, 2883 ± 1188 and 2440 ± 477; significantly longer in BLE compared with BDM, ISDN, SIL and ISDN + SIL:*p < 0.001). the overall time course of relaxation (in s) was respectively (means ± SD) 3412 ± 1904, 14,250 ± 3095*, 3813 ± 1383, 2883 ± 1188 and 2440 ± 477; significantly longer in BLE compared with BDM, ISDN, SIL and ISDN + SIL:*p < 0.001). These relaxation kinetics were particularly slow. Other relaxation parametres, i.e., maximum lengthening, -peak dT/dt, and resting tension, did not differ between these 5 subgroups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Isolated human PSV were able to contract after both KCl exposure and tetanus. This increase in contractility was reversed by inhibiting the CB cycle with BDM or BLE and by stimulating the NO-cGMP pathway with ISDN or SIL. The association ISDN + SIL did not potentiate the relaxing processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Meaux, France; UMR-S 1139 INSERM Université Descartes Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Matsumura S, Sakurai K, Shinomiya T, Fujitani N, Key K, Ohashi M. Biochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of the isoforms of myosin and actin in human placenta. Placenta 2011; 32:347-55. [PMID: 21420731 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human placenta has long been known to contain large quantities of smooth muscle-type myosin and actin, while precise isoform compositions of its contractile proteins are not known. To determine the isoform compositions, myosin and actin were extracted from human term placentas and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting by using isoform-specific monoclonal anti-myosin and anti-actin antibodies. The placental myosin was found to be composed of about 65% of a nonmuscle-type heavy chain isoform (MIIA), each about 15% of two smooth muscle-type heavy chain isoforms (SM1 and SM2) and about 5% of a brain/fetus-type heavy chain isoform (MIIB2). Whereas the MIIA isoform was present in both vascular and extravascular tissues, the SM1 isoform was localized almost only in the vascular tissue. Similarly, human term placenta was found to contain approximately 60, 30, and 10% of β-nonmuscle, α-smooth muscle, γ-smooth muscle actin isoforms, respectively. The β-nonmuscle actin was located primarily in the extravascular tissue, while the α-smooth muscle actin was located mostly in the vascular tissue. The extravascular tissue of the human term placenta thus appears to be composed of almost only nonmuscle-type isoforms of contractile proteins. The vascular tissue appears to be composed of both smooth muscle-type and nonmuscle-type isoforms of contractile proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Matsumura
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Suma, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Graf R, Langer JU, Schönfelder G, Oney T, Hartel-Schenk S, Reutter W, Schmidt HH. The extravascular contractile system in the human placenta. Morphological and immunocytochemical investigations. ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY 1994; 190:541-8. [PMID: 7534454 DOI: 10.1007/bf00190104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the human placenta, besides the fetal blood vessel system a second extravascular contractile system exists. It is localized in the chorionic plate and runs in a longitudinal direction and adjacent to fetal blood vessels into the stem villi, where it forms perivascular contractile sheaths. Characteristically, cells of the extravascular contractile system are extremely long and spindle-shaped and give rise to fine cell processes, by which they obviously contact each other or insert into the basement membrane of the trophoblast. They show immunoreactivity with desmin, vimentin, alpha-actin, myosin, nitric oxide synthase type I (brain form) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV. The ultrastructure suggests that cells of the extravascular contractile system are related to smooth muscle cells, including subpopulations with myofibroblastic features. In stem villi a few cells are nitric oxide synthase type I immunoreactive. These cells are thought to be specialized smooth-muscle-like cells of the extravascular contractile system or cells of the extravascular contractile system related to paraneurons that generate nitric oxide, which, in turn, may modulate the tone of perivascular contractile sheaths. The high dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity suggests that modulation of the extravascular contractile system may also occur by substance P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Graf
- Institut für Anatomie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Castellucci M, Kaufmann P. A three-dimensional study of the normal human placental villous core: II. Stromal architecture. Placenta 1982; 3:269-85. [PMID: 7134195 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(82)80004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional architecture of the villous core of the chorionic villi has been studied in the human placenta throughout pregnancy by scanning electron microscopy, and compared with light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic, findings. Five different types of villi are recognizable: the mesenchymal villi are characterized by a network of tiny bundles of collagen fibrils, enmeshing mesenchymal cells, Hofbauer cells and vessels. The immature intermediate villi display a system of intercommunicating channels, parallel to the major axis of the villi. Within the channels, Hofbauer cells are present. The mature intermediate villi show narrow and short stromal channels, surrounded by a rather tight network of collagen fibrils. Large vessels and a highly compact network of collagen are typical of the stem villi. The terminal villi contain sinusoidally dilated capillaries and a small amount of connective tissue. These findings have numerous functional implications. They are particularly related both to the presence of the stromal channels which could facilitate the macrophagic and immunological task of the Hofbauer cells, and to the different types of villi, playing different roles in placental and fetal life, under normal and pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gröschel-Stewart U. Immunochemistry of cytoplasmic contractile proteins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1980; 65:193-254. [PMID: 6993405 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
11
|
Abstract
The major contractile protein myosin was isolated and characterized from the smooth muscle of human term placentas. Placental myosin originates chiefly in the anchoring villi which bridge the fetal and maternal surfaces of the placenta. The molecular weight of placental myosin is about 460,000; it is composed of two heavy chains of 200,000 molecular weight and two pairs of light chains with 13,500 and 17,500 molecular weights. The adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of the myosin is activated by potassium and calcium and it is inhibited by magnesium. Placental actomyosin ATPase is activated by magensium. Contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in the anchoring villi are thought to adjust the volume of the intervillous space; thus, actin-myosin interaction is implicated in the regulation of placental hemodynamics.
Collapse
|
12
|
Michael C. Actomyosin content of the human placenta. THE JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY OF THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH 1974; 81:307-10. [PMID: 4824689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1974.tb00465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
13
|
Gröschel-Stewart U. Comparative studies of human smooth and striated muscle myosins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 229:322-34. [PMID: 4101790 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(71)90191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
14
|
Michael CA. The biochemistry of uterine action. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1969; 9:253-7. [PMID: 5264839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1969.tb02568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
15
|
Groschel-Stewart U, Gigli I. A study on the immunologial properties of human uterine and placental contractile protein by immuneadherence. EXPERIENTIA 1968; 24:65-6. [PMID: 4966111 DOI: 10.1007/bf02136798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|