1
|
Khan WA, Alsamghan AS, Khan MWA. Endometrial cancer patients have high affinity antibodies for estrogen metabolite-receptor aggregate: A potential biomarker for EC. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:2115-2125. [PMID: 32761720 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Elevated levels of 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1 ) have been described in endometrial cancer (EC) and estrogen receptors (ER) expressed in endometrial tissue, but research on their combined role is lacking. We aimed to investigate the affinity and binding specificity of EC antibodies against the 16α-OHE1 -ERα aggregate in the serum of EC patients. Specificities of EC antibodies were also evaluated according to various clinical characteristics found in these cancer patients. METHODS The binding specificity and affinity of EC antibodies against 16α-OHE1 -ERα in the serum of 120 EC patients were evaluated by direct binding and competition ELISA and quantitative precipitation titration. Binding of EC antibodies was also determined according to various clinical characteristics in EC patients through competition ELISA. RESULTS Antibodies from EC patients demonstrated high recognition of 16α-OHE1 -ERα compared to ERα (P < 0.05) or 16α-OHE1 (P < 0.001). The relative affinity of EC IgG was 1.49 × 10-7 M, 1.34 × 10-6 M and 1.13 × 10-6 M for 16α-OHE1 -ERα, ERα and 16α-OHE1 , respectively. Several factors, such as obesity, postmenopausal status, use of hormonal therapy, ER and progesterone receptor (PR) status, low 2-OHE1 /16α-OHE1 ratio, chemotherapy and hypertension, augment the production of antibodies against 16α-OHE1 -ERα in EC patients. CONCLUSION 16α-OHE1 -ERα is a high-affinity antigen for EC antibodies in the serum of EC patients and might function as a biomarker for this disease. Furthermore, several factors enhanced the production of antibodies against 16α-OHE1 -ERα in the sera of these EC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wahid Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
| | - Awad Saeed Alsamghan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
| | - Mohd Wajid Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Hail, KSA.,Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koppensteiner R, Samartzis EP, Noske A, von Teichman A, Dedes I, Gwerder M, Imesch P, Ikenberg K, Moch H, Fink D, Stucki M, Dedes KJ. Effect of MRE11 loss on PARP-inhibitor sensitivity in endometrial cancer in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100041. [PMID: 24927325 PMCID: PMC4057395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the frequency of MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN)-complex loss of protein expression in endometrial cancers (EC) and to determine whether loss of MRE11 renders the cancer cells sensitive to Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-inhibitory treatment. METHODS MRN expression was examined in 521 samples of endometrial carcinomas and in 10 cancer cell lines. A putative mutation hotspot in the form of an intronic poly(T) allele in MRE11 was sequenced in selected cases (n = 26). Sensitivity to the PARP-inhibitor, BMN673 was tested in colony formation assays before and after MRE11 silencing using siRNA. Homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair was evaluated by RAD51-foci formation assay upon irradiation and drug treatment. RESULTS Loss of MRE11 protein was found in 30.7% of EC tumours and significantly associated with loss of RAD50, NBS1 and mismatch repair protein expression. One endometrial cell line showed a markedly reduced MRE11 expression due to a homozygous poly(T) mutation of MRE11, thereby exhibiting an increased sensitivity to BMN673. MRE11 depletion sensitizes MRE11 expressing EC cell lines to the treatment with BMN673. The increased sensitivity to PARP-inhibition correlates with reduced RAD51 foci formation upon ionizing radiation in MRE11-depleted cells. CONCLUSION Loss of the MRE11 protein predicts sensitivity to PARP-inhibitor sensitivity in vitro, defining it as an additional synthetic lethal gene with PARP. The high incidence of MRE11 loss in ECs can be potentially exploited for PARP-inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, MRE11 protein expression using immunohistochemistry could be investigated as a predictive biomarker for PARP-inhibitor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aurelia Noske
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriana von Teichman
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Dedes
- Division of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Gwerder
- Division of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Imesch
- Division of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Ikenberg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Fink
- Division of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Stucki
- Division of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin J. Dedes
- Division of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oikawa F, Kojima-Aikawa K, Inoue F, Suzuki A, Tanaka K, Tominaga E, Aoki D. HMMC-1, a human monoclonal antibody to fucosylated core 1 O-glycan, suppresses growth of uterine endometrial cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:62-9. [PMID: 23035753 PMCID: PMC7657104 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HMMC-1 is a human monoclonal antibody that reacts with a fucosylated and extended core 1 O-glycan, Fucα1-2Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-3GalNAc-Ser/Thr, as an epitope. In the present study, we examined the effects of HMMC-1 on cell proliferation of two human uterine endometrial cancer cell lines, HEC8 and HEC9, to investigate the role of glycoproteins bearing the HMMC-1 epitope in cancer progression. HEC9 cells expressed high levels of the HMMC-1 epitope, but HMMC-1 reactivity was hardly detected in HEC8 cells. In a mouse model of lymph node metastasis using orthotopic implantation, HEC8 and HEC9 showed low (10%) and high (80%) metastatic potency, respectively. Growth of HEC9, but not HEC8, was remarkably inhibited by addition of HMMC-1 to the culture medium. Cell cycle analysis and expression analysis showed that HMMC-1 treatment increased the G(1) phase population of HEC9 cells and induced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16 and p21. Two glycoproteins, 97 and 137 kDa, with a strong reactivity to HMMC-1 were purified, and the 97-kDa glycoprotein was identified as CD166, an immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule assumed to be involved in cancer metastasis. CD166 gene-silencing dramatically reduced HMMC-1 epitope expression and growth in HEC9 cells, indicating that CD166 is the primary glycoprotein presenting the HMMC-1 epitope in HEC9 cells. Collectively, HMMC-1 might arrest the cell cycle in the G(1) phase by binding to O-glycans on the CD166 expressed in HEC9 cells, raising the possibility that HMMC-1 extensively inhibits invasive growth of HMMC-1 epitope-positive uterine endometrial cancer cells by targeting the cancer-associated form of CD166.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/immunology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/biosynthesis
- Endometrial Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Endometrial Neoplasms/immunology
- Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology
- Epitopes
- Female
- Fetal Proteins/genetics
- Fetal Proteins/immunology
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Polysaccharides/immunology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Oikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
SKOVLUND VIBEKERAVN. ABH and related histo-blood group antigens in normal & malignant human endometrium in relation to genetic and hormonal factors. APMIS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.1997.tb05597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
5
|
Mikami M, Harasawa M, Sugiyama T, Nishijima Y, Goto Y, Hirasawa T, Muramatsu T, Iwamori M. Induction of the differentiation of cultured endometrial carcinoma cells by type I collagen: Relevance of sulfolipids. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:113-117. [PMID: 22966267 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to promote gland formation in cells derived from endometrial cancer, and assess the relevance of sulfolipids by performing culture with type I collagen. Tumors were developed in nude mice using cultured cell lines, gland formation was induced by culture with type I collagen and the composition of tumor cell sulfolipids was analyzed. Results showed that after culturing the cells on type I collagen gel, the gel was floated. Another layer of gel was placed on top so that the cells were sandwiched between two layers. Using this method, it was possible to induce gland formation in cells that formed only poorly differentiated tumors in nude mice. Mucous staining and electron microscopy demonstrated polarity of the glands. The cell lines that showed gland formation expressed sulfolipids, but not cholesterol sulfate. In conclusion, type I collagen and sulfolipids are involved in the process of gland formation in endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Mikami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iwamori M, Iwamori Y. Establishment of cells exhibiting mutated glycolipid synthesis from mouse thymus by immortalization with SV-40 virus. Glycoconj J 2005; 22:417-25. [PMID: 16311886 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-005-4086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immortalization with simian virus-40 and cloning of immortalized cells from mouse thymus were performed to establish cell lines for characterization of the mode of glycolipid expression in the thymic cells. Among the 25 cell lines obtained, three lines with different morphologies were established, that is, epithelial (IMTH-E), fibroblastic (IMTH-F), and asterisk-like (IMTH-I) cells, and their glycolipids, together with those in the thymus, were determined systematically. The major glycolipids in mouse thymus were the globo- and ganglio-series, both of which, were co-expressed in the three cell lines established. However, the mode of modification of the globo- and ganglio-series was distinct for each cell line. As to the globo-series, the structures with the longest carbohydrate chain for IMTH-E, -F, and -I cells were Gb3Cer, Gb4Cer, and Forssman antigen, respectively, having stepwise shorter carbohydrates at the nonreducing termini. Although the acidic glycolipids in IMTH-E cells comprised GM3 and GM2, and their sulfated isomers, IMTH-F and -I cells expressed GMlb and GDlc for the alpha-pathway, and up to GDI a for the a-pathway of ganglio-series glycolipids. GMlb-GalNAc present in the thymus was not detected in IMTH-F and -I cells, probably due to the lower synthetic activity for the metabolic intermediate Gg4Cer. The results indicate that the immortalization technique is useful for obtaining individual cells having unique glycolipid profiles for analysis of the functional significance and metabolism of glycolipids in the thymus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Iwamori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Iwata T, Fujita T, Hirao N, Matsuzaki Y, Okada T, Mochimaru H, Susumu N, Matsumoto E, Sugano K, Yamashita N, Nozawa S, Kawakami Y. Frequent Immune Responses to a Cancer/Testis Antigen, CAGE, in Patients with Microsatellite instability–Positive Endometrial Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:3949-57. [PMID: 15897597 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identification of cancer/testis antigens useful for diagnosis or immunotherapy of cancers was attempted by cDNA expression cloning with patients' sera (SEREX). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN cDNA expression libraries made from testis or endometrial cancer cell lines were screened using sera from patients with endometrial cancer or melanoma patients immunized with dendritic cells pulsed with autologous tum or lysates. Tissue-specific expression by RT-PCR and immunogenicity by Western blotting of the bacterial recombinant antigen with sera from cancer patients were evaluated. RESULTS A cancer/testis antigen, CAGE, was isolated by two independently performed SEREX. CAGE was expressed in various cancer cell lines including endometrial cancer, colon cancer, and melanoma in 7 of 10 endometrial cancer tissues and in 1 of 3 atypical endometrial hyperplasia, but not in normal tissues including the endometrium and testis. The protein expression on cancer cells was confirmed by Western blot analysis with the recombinant CAGE protein, anti-CAGE IgG antibody was detected in sera from 5 of 45 endometrial cancer, 2 of 24 melanoma, and 2 of 33 colon cancer patients, but not in sera from healthy individuals. By ELISA analysis, anti-CAGE antibody was detected in 12 of 45 endometrial cancer, 2 of 20 melanoma, and 4 of 33 colon cancer patients. Intriguingly, anti-CAGE antibody was highly positive in 7 of the 13 (53.8%) microsatellite instability (MSI)-H patients with endometrial cancer, but negative in 20 non-MSI-H patients (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION CAGE may be useful for immunotherapy and diagnosis of various cancers particularly MSI-positive endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Iwata
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Department of Advanced Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Suzuki N, Aoki D, Tamada Y, Susumu N, Orikawa K, Tsukazaki K, Sakayori M, Suzuki A, Fukuchi T, Mukai M, Kojima-Aikawa K, Ishida I, Nozawa S. HMOCC-1, a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits adhesion of ovarian cancer cells to human mesothelial cells. Gynecol Oncol 2004; 95:290-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
Nozawa S, Aoki D, Tsukazaki K, Susumu N, Sakayori M, Suzuki N, Suzuki A, Wakita R, Mukai M, Egami Y, Kojima-Aikawa K, Ishida I, Belot F, Hindsgaul O, Fukuda M, Fukuda MN. HMMC-1. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:7071-8. [PMID: 15501987 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to generate a human monoclonal antibody specific to gynecological cancers and to evaluate such an antibody as therapy for gynecological cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Transchromosomal KM mice were immunized with the human uterine endometrial cancer cell line SNG-S. Hybridomas were constructed between spleen cells from KM mice and mouse myeloma cells. Reactivity of the antibody was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of pathological specimens of gynecological cancers. Cytotoxicity of HMMC-1 against SNG-S cells was tested by in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The epitope of HMMC-1 was determined by transfection with a panel of glycosyltransferase cDNAs and by inhibition assays with chemically synthesized oligosaccharides. RESULTS HMMC-1 is a human IgM monoclonal antibody that reacts positively with mullerian duct-related carcinomas with positive rates of 54.6% against uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma, 76.9% against uterine cervical adenocarcinoma, and 75.0% against epithelial ovarian cancer. HMMC-1 does not react with normal endometrium at proliferative or secretory phases, normal uterine cervix, or normal and malignant tissue from other organs, whereas it reacts weakly with the epithelium of the gall bladder and the collecting duct of the kidney. HMMC-1 exhibits antigen-dependent and complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Upon cotransfection with cDNAs encoding two glycosyltransferases required for fucosylated extended core 1 O-glycan, mammalian cells express HMMC-1 antigen. Finally, binding of HMMC-1 to SNG-S cells is inhibited by synthetic Fucalpha1-->2Galbeta1-->4GlcNAcbeta1-->3Galbeta1-->3GalNAcalpha1-octyl. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that HMMC-1 specifically recognizes a novel O-glycan structure. The unique specificity and cytotoxicity of HMMC-1 strongly suggest a therapeutic potential of this antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Nozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hasegawa K, Suzuki M, Ishikawa K, Yasue A, Kato R, Nakamura A, Kuroki J, Udagawa Y. Establishment and characterization of a human uterine endometrial undifferentiated carcinoma cell line, TMG-L. Hum Cell 2003; 16:31-8. [PMID: 12971623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-0774.2003.tb00126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new cell line of human uterine endometrial undifferentiated carcinoma, designated as TMG-L, was established from the metastatic lymph node of 56-year-old patient TMG-L cells have been cultured with Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with 10% FCS and grew as a loosely adherent monolayer with polygonal or spindle-shaped cells exhibiting poor cell-cell contact and piled up against each other, showing a tendency to grow as floating cells. The doubling time of this cell line was about 48 hours, and chromosomal analysis revealed aneuploidy at passage 25. The cells formed tumors in SCID mouse, the histology of which was similar to that of undifferentiated carcinoma component of primary tumor. TMG-L cells showed the loss of expression and membranous localization of either E-cadherin or alpha-catenin, implied corresponding loss of their adhesive function. And this dysfunction implicated the biological aggressive behavior of uterine endometrial undifferentiated carcinoma. This cell line appears to provide a useful system for studying uterine undifferentiated carcinoma in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Isaka K, Nishi H, Nakai H, Nakada T, Feng Li Y, Ebihara Y, Takayama M. Matrix metalloproteinase-26 is expressed in human endometrium but not in endometrial carcinoma. Cancer 2003; 97:79-89. [PMID: 12491508 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-26, also called matrilysin-2 or endometase, has been isolated as a matrilysin (MMP-7) homolog. Matrix metalloproteinase-26 was expressed in tissue samples from the placenta and endometrial tumors and its expression may be related to the development of endometrial carcinomas. METHODS Total RNAs were isolated from 5 endometrial carcinoma cell lines, 36 normal endometrial tissue samples, 4 hyperplasia tissue samples, and from 24 endometrial carcinoma tissue samples. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reation (RT-PCR) was performed to detect MMP-26 mRNA expression. To identify MMP-26 mRNA localization and protein expression, we performed in situ RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that MMP-26 mRNA was expressed in 24 of 36 normal human endometrial tissue samples. However, MMP-26 mRNA expression was not detected in endometrial carcinoma cell lines nor in endometrial carcinoma tissue samples except for one case. Western blot analysis showed similar results. In situ RT-PCR analysis revealed that MMP-26 expression was localized in the epithelial glandular cells but faint expression was observed in the stromal cells. Subsequently, we separated endometrial tissues into epithelial glandular and stromal cells. Using RT-PCR, the purified epithelial glandular cells exhibited MMP-26 mRNA expression but the purified stromal cells did not. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that MMP-26 protein expression is also limited to endometrial epithelial glandular cells but not to cancer cells. Therefore, MMP-26 expression is limited to normal epithelial glandular cells. CONCLUSIONS We found a significant difference in MMP-26 expression in normal and malignant endometrial tissue samples, although its function is still unknown. These data suggest that MMP-26 may be a candidate for a new tumor marker for endometrial carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Isaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Isaka K, Nishi H, Nakada T, Osakabe Y, Hokamura M, Serizawa H, Ebihara Y, Takayama M. Establishment and characterization of a new human cell line (EJ) derived from endometrial carcinoma. Hum Cell 2002; 15:200-6. [PMID: 12889855 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-0774.2002.tb00116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a new cell line, EJ established from an invasive endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus in a 56-year-old patient. The cells show rapid growth in culture with a doubling time of 16 h and high migration activity. Monolayer-cultured cells were polygonal in shape showing a tendency to pile up without contact inhibition. Subcutaneous transplantation of the EJ cells into nude mice formed solid tumors that were histologically diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, whereas no metastasis was observed. Cultured EJ cells produced tissue polypeptide antigen (IPA). Genetic and molecular analyses revealed high telomerase activity but not estrogen receptor alpha expression. Using the DNA sequencing technique, we have screened EJ cells for p53 mutation in exon 5 to 8 but no mutation of p53 was observed. This cell line appears to represent the development of a more malignant clone with divergent receptor function and growth behavior, and provides us with an interesting new tool for the study of tumorigenesis in the human endometrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Isaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Takehara K, Kubushiro K, Kiguchi K, Ishiwata I, Tsukazaki K, Nozawa S, Iwamori M. Expression of glycolipids bearing Lewis phenotypes in tissues and cultured cells of human gynecological cancers. Jpn J Cancer Res 2002; 93:1129-37. [PMID: 12417043 PMCID: PMC5926888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation-associated expression of Le(b) (Lewis antigen-b) or Le(Y) in human colorectal carcinomas has been well described. To examine the expression of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) bearing Lewis-phenotypes in human gynecological carcinoma-derived cells, we determined the concentrations of all GSLs. Although neither Le(b) nor Le(Y) was present in HEC-108 cells established from the poorly differentiated type of endometrial adenocarcinoma, other cell lines from moderately or well-differentiated types expressed either Le(b) or Le(Y), or both, at concentrations of 0.01 to 0.03 microg per mg of dry cells, which comprised 0.3 to 1.3% of the total GSLs. In the cervical and ovarian carcinoma-derived cell lines, Lewis phenotypes tended to be carried by nLc(4)Cer, which was accumulated in the cells without sialylation or fucosylation. These results indicated that expression of Le(b)- or Le(Y)-phenotypes was strongly dependent on the metabolic ability to supply the precursor GSLs. Both Le(b) and Le(Y) were successfully detected by monoclonal antibody MSN-1, which was a useful probe for the simultaneous detection of Le(b) and Le(Y). On application of MSN-1, either Le(b) or Le(Y) was detected in tissues from patients with well- and moderately differentiated types of endometrial adenocarcinoma at concentrations of 0.01 to 0.04 microg per mg of dry tissues, but not in the tissues of poorly differentiated type. Normal endometria at the follicular and luteal phases also contained the antigens, but the concentrations and the frequency of antigen expression were lower than those in the well- and moderately differentiated types of endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Takehara
- Department Of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Muramatsu T, Yasuda M, Osamura RY, Kamoshida S, Yamauchi I, Kajiwara H, Murakami M, Makino T. Clinicopathological Analysis of DU-PAN-2 as a Tumor Marker for Endometrial Adenocarcinoma in Comparison with CA19-9. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2002. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.35.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinari Muramatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Masanori Yasuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | | | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Itaru Yamauchi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isehara Kyodo Hospital
| | | | - Masaru Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Tunehisa Makino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Immunohistochemical Characterization of DU-PAN-2 Expression in Endometrial Adenocarcinomas Associated With CA19-9 Expression. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 1999. [DOI: 10.1097/00129039-199909000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
Kobiki K, Tsukasaki K, Kubushiro K, Kobayashi Y, Hasegawa K, Fukuchi T, Banno K, Nozawa S. Detection of endometrial cancer by flow cytometry using two monoclonal antibodies. CYTOMETRY 1999; 36:150-6. [PMID: 10554163 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19990601)36:2<150::aid-cyto9>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop a supplementary diagnostic method for endometrial cancer by measuring the reactivity of various endometrial lesions with two monoclonal antibodies. METHODS We investigated the reactivity of various endometrial lesions with two monoclonal antibodies (MSN-1 and MSN-3) by flow cytometry (one-color and two-color methods). RESULTS The two-color method appeared to be suitable for use in place of simultaneous performance of the one-color methods with MSN-1 and MSN-3. The positivity rate for normal endometrium was 16.0% with the two-color method, which was lower than the rate of 30.0% obtained with concomitant used of the one-color methods. The positivity rate for endometrial cancer was high, 84.0%, with the two-color method. The positivity rate was 85.7% for well-differentiated endometrial cancer, 71.4% for moderately differentiated cancer, and 100.0% for poorly differentiated cancer; thus, the rate was high irrespective of the cellular differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The two-color method is more useful than the one-color method as a supplementary diagnostic procedure for endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kobiki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, Kawasaki City, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kaneta Y, Tsukazaki K, Kubushiro K, Aoki R, Sakayori M, Ueda M, Nozawa S. Effect of gelonin immunoconjugate with monoclonal antibody MSN-1 to endometrial adenocarcinoma on antigen-producing tumor cells in vivo. Jpn J Cancer Res 1998; 89:583-8. [PMID: 9685864 PMCID: PMC5921848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1998.tb03301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Missile therapy, which destroys cancer cells specifically, has been advocated as an effective modality for the treatment of carcinoma. We have developed an immunoconjugate consisting of the monoclonal antibody MSN-1 (IgM), which reacts strongly with endometrial adenocarcinomas, combined with a plant hemitoxin named gelonin via a disulfide bond using N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate and 2-iminothiolane, and examined its selective cytotoxicity in athymic mice. The reductions in resected weights of target tumor cells, at the local site of MSN-1-gelonin immunoconjugate treatment, were 96% with local administration and 75% with caudal vein administration, as compared with the untreated group. There was no weight loss in treated mice. Our results suggest that this MSN-1-gelonin immunoconjugate has potential clinical applications in the treatment of endometrial adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kaneta
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yoshiki J, Kubushiro K, Tsukazaki K, Udagawa Y, Nozawa S, Iwamori M. High expression of uridine diphosphate-galactose: Lc3Cer beta 1-3 galactosyltransferase in human uterine endometrial cancer-derived cells as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and thin-layer chromatography-immunostaining. Jpn J Cancer Res 1997; 88:669-77. [PMID: 9310140 PMCID: PMC5921478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1997.tb00435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a new procedure for the selective determination of beta 1-3 and beta 1-4 galactosyltransferases with Lc3Cer as the substrate and the microsomes of fetal and adult porcine livers as the enzyme sources. This method was based on the detection of such products as Lc4Cer for beta 1-3 galactosyltransferase (beta 1-3GT) and nLc4Cer for beta 1-4 galactosyltransferase (beta 1-4GT), with monoclonal anti-Lc4Cer and anti-nLc4Cer antibodies, respectively. This method thus enabled us to differentiate the activity of beta 1-3GT from that of beta 1-4GT with a high degree of sensitivity. The method was then used to determine the activities of both enzymes in human gynecological carcinoma-derived cells. Four of the five cell lines derived from uterine endometrial cancer expressed significantly high levels of specific activity of beta 1-3GT among the cell lines examined, while their beta 1-4GT activities were less than 20% of that for beta 1-3GT in the endometrial carcinoma-derived cells. On the other hand, a higher specific activity of beta 1-4GT than that of beta 1-3GT was detected in the cell lines derived from uterine cervical and ovarian cancers. These findings were thus found to correlate closely with the rate of expression of Lc4Cer- and nLc4Cer-based carbohydrate chains in the cell lines based on the results of immunohistochemical staining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Yoshiki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Diakun KR, Vargas F, Tamburlin J. The tumor association of a trisaccharide epitope: specificity of antiserum developed to galactose beta1->3 N-acetyl glucosamine beta1-->3 galactose. Immunol Invest 1996; 25:253-66. [PMID: 8860696 DOI: 10.3109/08820139609059307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A pentasaccharide carbohydrate epitope described by Nozawa et at (1) is expressed by 35% of the neoplastic tissue samples from patients with endometrial cancer but not by normal endometrium. This epitope was detected using a human monoclonal antibody (HMST-1) produced by fusion of lymphocytes from an endometrial cancer patient. We chemically linked a synthetically produced nonreducing terminal trisaccharide portion of this pentasaccharide to bovine serum albumin to create an effective immunogen, Galbeta1->3GlcNAcbeta1->3Gal-BSA. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was produced and tested against panels of tumor and normal tissues. In contrast to the results obtained with HMST-1, 100% of the endometrial adenocarcinomas we studied stained with this polyclonal antiserum while normal endometrium was non-reactive. The reactivity with other tyes of adenocarcinomas was approximately 80%, whereas most normal tissues were not reactive with the antiserum. Immunological specificity analysis was performed with structurally related carbohydrates and this shows the fine specificity reaction of the antiserum. This antigen may be clinically useful for immunolocalization and for immunotargeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R Diakun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kubushiro K, Tsukazaki K, Sakuma Y, Sakayori M, Yazawa S, Nozawa S. Enzymatic basis for the accumulation of Lewis(b) antigen in uterine endometrial cancer. Jpn J Cancer Res 1995; 86:361-7. [PMID: 7775258 PMCID: PMC5920827 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1995.tb03065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to clarify the mechanism of the abnormal expression of Lewis(b) antigen, which was specific for uterine endometrial cancer tissue, the activities of alpha 1-->2fucosyltransferase, alpha 1-->3fucosyltransferase, and alpha 1-->4fucosyltransferase in normal endometrial tissues and uterine endometrial cancer tissues were determined. Further, an immunocytochemical study of the expression of blood group-related carbohydrate antigens in 6 cultured cell lines derived from various gynecologic malignant tumors was performed and the alpha 1-->2fucosyltransferase, alpha 1-->3fucosyltransferase, and alpha 1-->4fucosyltransferase activities of these cell lines were determined. Compared with normal endometrium, uterine endometrial cancer tissues showed significantly higher values of alpha 1-->2fucosyltransferase, alpha 1-->3fucosyltransferase, and alpha 1-->4fucosyltransferase activities. The specifically strong expression of type I carbohydrate chains, particularly the Lewis(b) antigen, was recognized in cultured cell lines derived from uterine endometrial cancer. Compared with those cell lines derived from uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer, the cultured cell lines derived from uterine endometrial cancer showed higher activities of alpha 1-->2fucosyltransferase and alpha 1-->4fucosyltransferase, which are enzymes related to the synthesis of Lewis(b) antigen. The cell lines derived from uterine endometrial cancer showed specifically high values of alpha 1-->4fucosyltransferase activity. These results suggest that the alpha 1-->2fucosyltransferase and alpha 1-->4fucosyltransferase activities, especially the alpha 1-->4fucosyltransferase activity, contribute to the abnormal expression of the Lewisb antigen in uterine endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kubushiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kobayashi H, Ohi H, Sugimura M, Shinohara H, Terao T. Characterization and clinical evaluation of tumor-associated antigen CA54/61 identified by monoclonal antibodies MA54 and MA61 in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1992; 47:328-36. [PMID: 1473746 DOI: 10.1016/0090-8258(92)90135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (moABs) MA54 and MA61, directed toward the O-linked mucin-type glycoprotein, have been established and showed highly specific reactivity with human ovarian cancer. Fetal intestinal and colonic mucosal cells expressed this antigen and meconium staining was also frequently positive. To investigate the characteristic of an epitopic carbohydrate recognized by these moABs, the reactivity of each moAB with meconium extract was monitored by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides. MA54 and MA61 react with meconium extract and the reactivities of these moABs are neuraminidase sensitive. Ovine submaxillary mucin had a strong inhibitory activity toward the reaction between meconium extract and MA54 as well as MA61, suggesting that these moABs recognize NeuAc 2-6GalNAc epitope in meconium. The second aim of this study is to investigate the possible application of moABs to diagnose ovarian cancer and to compare these levels with those of the CA125 antigen. While serum CA54/61 antigen levels were elevated in 44.4% of ovarian cancer cases and serum CA125 antigen levels were elevated in 86.7% of the same population, the use of both assays indicated a sensitivity of detection of 97.8% (44 of 45 patients) in the population studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mochizuki H, Nagoya K, Yamauchi T, Takao Y, Masuko H, Sato H, Sasaki H, Itoh K, Tsukazaki K, Udagawa Y. Specificity of a tumor marker (CA54/61) and its individual epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies, MA54 and MA61, in human tumor patients. J Clin Lab Anal 1992; 6:225-31. [PMID: 1383482 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.1860060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The specificity of a tumor marker (CA54/61) and its individual epitopes (CA54 and CA61) recognized by monoclonal antibodies (MA54 and MA61) and expressed by the same tumor marker were studied. Serum levels of CA54 and CA61 were compared with that of CA54/61. In lung adenocarcinoma and ovarian carcinoma, the positive rates of CA61 (42% and 68%) were higher than those of CA54 (32% and 32%) and similar to those of CA54/61 (45% and 74%). The serum levels of CA54 and CA61 showed a significant correlation (r = 0.78), but 22% of tested sera were positive for CA54 and negative for CA61 or negative for CA54 and positive for CA61. It was demonstrated that the tumor specificity between CA54 and CA61 was not same and that the tumor specificity of CA54/61 was similar to that of CA61 rather than CA54. Moreover, the difference in the tumor specificity between CA54 and CA61 was considered to be reflected in the difference in their epitope structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Mochizuki
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
van Dam PA, Watson JV, Lowe DG, Chard T, Shepherd JH. Comparative evaluation of fresh, fixed, and cryopreserved solid tumor cells for reliable flow cytometry of DNA and tumor associated antigen. CYTOMETRY 1992; 13:722-9. [PMID: 1451602 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.990130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Five different protocols for the short-term preservation of cells used for multiparameter flow cytometric assay of tumour associated antigens (TAA) and DNA were assessed in cell suspensions prepared by mechanical disaggregation of 15 gynecological tumors. The protocols at 4 degrees C were 1) storage in buffer, 2) storage in 50% methanol, and 3) storage in buffer after formalin fixation. Tissues were also cryopreserved as cell suspensions and tissue blocks. When the TAA expression and DNA histograms of the preserved cells were compared with those in fresh cell suspensions, cryopreservation was found to be the best method: TAA expression was well preserved and there was a good correlation between TAA expression and the quality of the DNA histograms, respectively, in fresh and cryopreserved cells (RS: 0.82-0.91, P less than 0.001 for all TAAs). The cell suspensions preserved at 4 degrees C all showed a significant increase in background fluorescence (P less than 0.05) and a reduction in the TAA specific fluorescence (P less than 0.011). Methanol fixation was better than buffered formalin for the proteins studied, though both gave significantly worse results than cryopreservation. The quality of these cell suspensions and the correlation with TAA measurements in fresh cell suspensions deteriorated progressively with time, particularly if they were stored more than a week.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A van Dam
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saint Bartholomew's Hospital, London, England
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tsukazaki K, Sakayori M, Arai H, Yamaoka K, Kurihara S, Nozawa S. Abnormal expression of blood group-related antigens in uterine endometrial cancers. Jpn J Cancer Res 1991; 82:934-41. [PMID: 1910029 PMCID: PMC5918579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1991.tb01924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of A, B, and H group antigens, Lewis group antigens (Lewis(a), Lewis(b), Lewis(x), and Lewis(y)), and Lc4 and nLc4 antigens, the precursor antigens of both groups, was examined immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies in 9 normal endometria, 6 endometrial hyperplasias, and 31 endometrial cancers. 1) A, B and/or H antigens were detected in endometrial cancers at an incidence of 51.6%, while no distinct localization of these antigens was observed in normal endometria. H antigen, the precursor of A and B antigens, was particularly frequently detected in endometrial cancers. 2) An increased rate of expression of Lewis group antigens, particularly Lewis(b) antigen, was observed in endometrial cancers compared with its expression in normal endometria. 3) Lc4 and nLc4 antigens were detected in endometrial cancers at rates of 41.9% and 38.7%, respectively, these expressions being increased compared with those in normal endometria. 4) These results suggest that a highly abnormal expression of blood group-related antigens in endometrial cancers occurs not only at the level of A, B, and H antigens and Lewis group antigens, but also at the level of their precursor Lc4 and nLc4 antigens. 5) Lewis(a), Lewis(b), and Lc4 antigens, built on the type-1 chain, are more specific to endometrial cancers than their respective positional isomers, Lewis(x), Lewis(y), and nLc4 antigens, built on the type-2 chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Tsukazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
van Dam PA, Watson JV, Lowe DG, Cox H, Curling M, Shepherd JH. Tissue preparation for simultaneous flow cytometric quantitation of tumour associated antigens and DNA in solid tumours. J Clin Pathol 1990; 43:833-9. [PMID: 2229431 PMCID: PMC502834 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.43.10.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A multiparameter flow cytometric assay for the simultaneous study of tumour associated antigens (TAA) and DNA in fresh solid tumours was devised. Cell suspensions were prepared by disaggregating unfixed solid tumour samples mechanically over a stainless steel mesh. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to identify the TAA, and DNA was stained with propidium iodide. Cell morphology was well preserved, cell clumping was negligible, and high quality indirect immunofluorescence quality indirect immunofluorescence and DNA staining were obtained. The technique is simple, rapid, and reproducible. Multiparameter assays can be developed to study prognostic indicators such as membrane oncoproteins, receptors, and multidrug resistance in solid tumours. With a suitable panel of antibodies the technique might become an aid in the differential diagnosis and biochemical diagnosis of some solid tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A van Dam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|