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Trul AA, Agina EV, Ponomarenko SA. Gas Sensors Based on Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers as Promising Sensitive Elements for Toxic Gases Monitoring in the Atmosphere. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421050158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kang W, Lin H, Jiang H, Yao-Say Solomon Adade S, Xue Z, Chen Q. Advanced applications of chemo-responsive dyes based odor imaging technology for fast sensing food quality and safety: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5145-5172. [PMID: 34409725 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Public attention to foodquality and safety has been increased significantly. Therefore, appropriate analytical tools are needed to analyze and sense the food quality and safety. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important indicators for the quality and safety of food products. Odor imaging technology based on chemo-responsive dyes is one of the most promising methods for analysis of food products. This article reviews the sensing and imaging fundamentals of odor imaging technology based on chemo-responsive dyes. The aim is to give detailed outlines about the theory and principles of using odor imaging technology for VOCs detection, and to focus primarily on its applications in the field of quality and safety evaluation of food products, as well as its future applicability in modern food industries and research. The literatures presented in this review clearly demonstrated that imaging technology based on chemo-responsive dyes has the exciting effect to inspect such as quality assessment of cereal , wine and vinegar flavored foods , poultry meat, aquatic products, fruits and vegetables, and tea. It has the potential for the rapid, reliable, and inline assessment of food safety and quality by providing odor-image-basedmonitoring tool. Practical Application: The literatures presented in this review clearly demonstrated that imaging technology based on chemo-responsive dyes has the exciting effect to inspect such as quality assessment of cereal , wine and vinegar flavored foods, poultry meat, aquatic products, fruits and vegetables, and tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencui Kang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hao Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hao Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | | | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
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Kim S, Brady J, Al-Badani F, Yu S, Hart J, Jung S, Tran TT, Myung NV. Nanoengineering Approaches Toward Artificial Nose. Front Chem 2021; 9:629329. [PMID: 33681147 PMCID: PMC7935515 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.629329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant scientific efforts have been made to mimic and potentially supersede the mammalian nose using artificial noses based on arrays of individual cross-sensitive gas sensors over the past couple decades. To this end, thousands of research articles have been published regarding the design of gas sensor arrays to function as artificial noses. Nanoengineered materials possessing high surface area for enhanced reaction kinetics and uniquely tunable optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties have been extensively used as gas sensing materials in single gas sensors and sensor arrays. Therefore, nanoengineered materials address some of the shortcomings in sensitivity and selectivity inherent in microscale and macroscale materials for chemical sensors. In this article, the fundamental gas sensing mechanisms are briefly reviewed for each material class and sensing modality (electrical, optical, optoelectronic), followed by a survey and review of the various strategies for engineering or functionalizing these nanomaterials to improve their gas sensing selectivity, sensitivity and other measures of gas sensing performance. Specifically, one major focus of this review is on nanoscale materials and nanoengineering approaches for semiconducting metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, carbonaceous nanomaterials, conducting polymers, and others as used in single gas sensors or sensor arrays for electrical sensing modality. Additionally, this review discusses the various nano-enabled techniques and materials of optical gas detection modality, including photonic crystals, surface plasmonic sensing, and nanoscale waveguides. Strategies for improving or tuning the sensitivity and selectivity of materials toward different gases are given priority due to the importance of having cross-sensitivity and selectivity toward various analytes in designing an effective artificial nose. Furthermore, optoelectrical sensing, which has to date not served as a common sensing modality, is also reviewed to highlight potential research directions. We close with some perspective on the future development of artificial noses which utilize optical and electrical sensing modalities, with additional focus on the less researched optoelectronic sensing modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jacob Brady
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Faraj Al-Badani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sooyoun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Joseph Hart
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Sungyong Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Thien-Toan Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Nosang V. Myung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Ben Yahia M, Ben Yahia M. New insights in the physicochemical investigation of the vitamin B 12 nucleus using statistical physics treatment: interpretation of experiments and surface properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21724-21735. [PMID: 35516596 PMCID: PMC9054493 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03077e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research paper, the equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of cobalt(ii)nitrate and cobalt(ii)chloride on tetrakis(4-tolylphenyl)porphyrin (H2TTPP) were obtained at four temperatures for modeling analysis. The experimental data describing the adsorbed quantity of cobalt particles were measured using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) strategy. Then, statistical physics formalism was employed to interpret the complexation mechanism by applying the real gas law that contemplates the interaction between the adsorbate particles in the free state. Advanced models treated with the law of van der Waals were applied for the single and L.B.L adsorptions of Co2+ at various temperatures (288–318 K). The experimental adsorption data of CoCl2 on porphyrins were satisfactorily fitted with the monolayer equation, showing that the chlorine particles had no effect on the complexation system, while the nitrate particles were involved in the adsorption of Co(NO3)2 and contributed to the layer formation. The physicochemical parameters of statistical physics models were estimated and used to compare the complexation mechanisms of both adsorbates. The study of the cohesion pressure (a) and the co-volume (b) confirmed that cobalt chloride guaranteed more stability during the formation of the vitamin B12 nucleus. Deeper energetic analysis demonstrated that cobalt ions were complexed by ionic or covalent bonds in the case of cobalt chloride (complexation energy (–E1/2) varies from −48.2 to −50.3), while a physisorption process took place in the case of cobalt nitrate ((–E1) varies from −33.6 to −36.1), thus indicating that CoCl2–H2TTPP was the most stable complex. The statistical physics models were also used to investigate two thermodynamic functions that govern the adsorption mechanisms, namely, the configurational entropy and the Gibbs free enthalpy. Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) setup for the measurement of adsorption isotherms of cobalt(ii)nitrate and cobalt(ii)chloride on tetrakis(4-tolylphenyl)porphyrin (H2TTPP).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Ben Yahia
- Physics Department Rabigh College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah PO box 344 Rabigh 21911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ben Yahia
- Physics department, Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics, LR18ES18, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir Monastir 5000 Tunisia
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Di Natale C. Roberto Paolesse and the sensors group at the university of Rome Tor Vergata: (“ the world will always welcome ‘ chemists, ’ as time goes by…” ). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma; Italy
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Knani S, Khalifa N, Ben Yahia M, Aouaini F, Tounsi M. Statistical physics study of the interaction of the 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (4-tolylphenyl) porphyrin (H2TTPP) with magnesium ion: New microscopic interpretations. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Yahia MB, Aouaini F, Yahia MB, Almogait ES, Al-Ghamdi H. Theoretical investigation of the chlorophyll nucleus adsorption monitored with Quartz Crystal Microbalance technique: New insights on physicochemical properties. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Effect of solvent on the electronic absorption spectral properties of Ni(II) and Cu(II)-complexes of some mixed β-octasubstituted-meso-tetraphenylporphyrins. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yeshchenko OA, Malynych SZ, Polomarev SO, Galabura Y, Chumanov G, Luzinov I. Towards sensor applications of a polymer/Ag nanoparticle nanocomposite film. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8498-8506. [PMID: 35518650 PMCID: PMC9061699 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated the capability of a nanocomposite film made of a 2D array of Ag nanoparticles embedded into a poly(glycidyl methacrylate), PGMA, matrix to monitor the presence of organic vapors in the atmosphere. Specifically, changes in the extinction spectra of the submicron nanocomposite film are used to sense the vapors. The transformations of the spectra are fully reversible and reproducible upon multiple exposures. We associate this reversibility and reproducibility with the construction of the nanocomposite film where the cross-linked PGMA network is able to spatially restore its structure upon deswelling. The structure of the extinction spectrum of the film is governed by a collective surface plasmon mode excited in the Ag NPs array. It was found that spectral bands associated with normal and tangential components of the plasmon mode change their width and position when the nanocomposite is exposed to organic vapors. This is due to increasing the spacing between neighboring NPs and a decrease of the refractive index of the polymer caused by swelling of the PGMA matrix. Therefore, the level of spectral transformation is directly related to the level of polymer–solvent thermodynamic affinity where the higher affinity corresponds to the higher level of the swelling. Therefore, we expect that the nanocomposite films (when designed for a particular solvent) can be effectively used as a sensing element in a low-cost volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor device operating in visual light. We demonstrated the capability of a nanocomposite film made of Ag nanoparticles embedded into a polymer matrix to detect presence of organic vapors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Yeshchenko
- Department of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv 64/13 Volodymyrs'ka Str. 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - S Z Malynych
- Department of Photonics, National University "Lviv Polytechnic" 12 S. Bandery St 79013 Lviv Ukraine .,Department of Electromechanics and Electronics, Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy 32 Heroes of Maidan 79012 Lviv Ukraine.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - S O Polomarev
- Department of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv 64/13 Volodymyrs'ka Str. 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Yu Galabura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - G Chumanov
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - I Luzinov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
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Xiao-wei H, Xiao-bo Z, Ji-yong S, Zhi-hua L, Jie-wen Z. Colorimetric sensor arrays based on chemo-responsive dyes for food odor visualization. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Ngo HT, Minami K, Imamura G, Shiba K, Yoshikawa G. Effects of Center Metals in Porphines on Nanomechanical Gas Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E1640. [PMID: 29883390 PMCID: PMC5982686 DOI: 10.3390/s18051640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin is one of the most promising materials for realizing a practical artificial olfactory sensor system. In this study, we focus on non-substituted porphyrins—porphines—as receptor materials of nanomechanical membrane-type surface stress sensors (MSS) to investigate the effect of center metals on gas sensing. By omitting the substituents on the tetrapyrrole macrocycle of porphyrin, the peripheral interference by substituents can be avoided. Zinc, nickel, and iron were chosen for the center metals as these metalloporphines show different properties compared to free-base porphine. The present study revealed that iron insertion enhanced sensitivity to various gases, while zinc and nickel insertion led to equivalent or less sensitivity than free-base porphine. Based on the experimental results, we discuss the role of center metals for gas uptake from the view point of molecular interaction. We also report the high robustness of the iron porphine to humidity, showing the high feasibility of porphine-based nanomechanical sensor devices for practical applications in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Thien Ngo
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Minami
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Gaku Imamura
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Kota Shiba
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Genki Yoshikawa
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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Di Natale C, Martinelli E, Magna G, Mandoj F, Monti D, Nardis S, Stefanelli M, Paolesse R. Porphyrins for olfaction mimic: The Rome Tor Vergata approach. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The impressive chemistry shown by porphyrins in natural systems is particularly attractive for exploitation in chemical sensors. In these devices the sensing mechanisms can mimic most of the porphyrin biological reactivity, such as reversible binding, activation of small molecules, redox activity, and photoactivated processes. The simultaneous presence of multiple binding mechanisms allows porphyrins to interact with a large variety of analytes. This feature reduces the selectivity, but prompts the development of sensor arrays, where the cross-selectivity of more sensors is used to classify and identify samples characterized by a complex composition. Since 1995 the Sensors Group of the University of Rome Tor Vergata has exploited these features to prepare sensor arrays based on different transducers and aimed at several applications. These kinds of devices have been reported as electronic noses (gaseous phase analytes) and electronic tongues (liquid phase analytes) to underline that their working mechanisms are tentatively similar to that of biological senses. We report here some of the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Di Natale
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Magna
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Mandoj
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Nardis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
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Bhyrappa P, Sankar M. Effect of solvent on the electronic absorption spectral properties of some mixed β-octasubstituted Zn(II)-tetraphenylporphyrins. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 189:80-85. [PMID: 28802858 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of mixed β-octasubstituted Zn(II)-porphyrins, 2,3,12,13-tetra(chloro/cyano/methyl)-5,7,8,10,15,17,18,20-octaphenylporphinato zinc(II), ZnTPP(Ph)4X4 (X=CN, Cl and CH3) have been examined by electronic absorption spectroscopy in various solvents. These Zn(II)-porphyrins exhibited varying degree of red-shift of absorption bands as high as 20-30nm in 'B' band and 50-60nm in longest wavelength band, 'Q(0,0)' band in polar solvents relative to that found in nonpolar solvents. The red-shift of B and Q(0,0) bands showed an unusual trend, ZnTPP(Ph)4(CN)4>ZnTPP(Ph)4(CH3)4>ZnTPP(Ph)4Cl4 but fails to follow an anticipated anodic shift in first porphyrin ring oxidation (vs Ag/AgCl) potential: ZnTPP(Ph)4(CN)4 (1.02V)>ZnTPP(Ph)4Cl4 (0.74V)>ZnTPP(Ph)4(CH3)4 (0.38V). Such a trend suggests the combined effect of non-planarity of the macrocycle and electronic effect of the peripheral substituents. The equilibrium constants for the binding of nitrogenous bases with the Zn(II)-porphyrins showed as high as twenty fold increase for ZnTPP(Ph)4X4 (X=Br and CN) relative to ZnTPP(Ph)4(CH3)4 and follow the order: ZnTPP(Ph)4(CN)4>ZnTPP(Ph)4Br4>ZnTPP(Ph)4(CH3)4≤ZnTPP which is approximately in line with an increase in anodic shift of their first ring redox potentials (ZnTPP(Ph)4(CN)4 (1.02V)>ZnTPP(Ph)4Br4 (0.72V)>ZnTPP (0.84V)>ZnTPP(Ph)4(CH3)4) (0.38V).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bhyrappa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu State, India.
| | - M Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu State, India
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Tijunelyte I, Betelu S, Moreau J, Ignatiadis I, Berho C, Lidgi-Guigui N, Guénin E, David C, Vergnole S, Rinnert E, Lamy de la Chapelle M. Diazonium Salt-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Nanosensor: Detection and Quantitation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17061198. [PMID: 28538680 PMCID: PMC5492876 DOI: 10.3390/s17061198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanosensor for environmental pollutants detection. This study was conducted on three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), fluoranthene (FL), and naphthalene (NAP). SERS substrates were chemically functionalized using 4-dodecyl benzenediazonium-tetrafluoroborate and SERS analyses were conducted to detect the pollutants alone and in mixtures. Compounds were first measured in water-methanol (9:1 volume ratio) samples. Investigation on solutions containing concentrations ranging from 10−6 g L−1 to 10−3 g L−1 provided data to plot calibration curves and to determine the performance of the sensor. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) was 0.026 mg L−1 (10−7 mol L−1) for BaP, 0.064 mg L−1 (3.2 × 10−7 mol L−1) for FL, and 3.94 mg L−1 (3.1 × 10−5 mol L−1) for NAP, respectively. The correlation between the calculated LOD values and the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of the investigated PAHs suggests that the developed nanosensor is particularly suitable for detecting highly non-polar PAH compounds. Measurements conducted on a mixture of the three analytes (i) demonstrated the ability of the developed technology to detect and identify the three analytes in the mixture; (ii) provided the exact quantitation of pollutants in a mixture. Moreover, we optimized the surface regeneration step for the nanosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Tijunelyte
- CSPBAT Laboratory, UMR 7244, UFR SMBH, University of Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 93017 Bobigny, France.
| | | | - Jonathan Moreau
- IFREMER, Brittany Center, Detection, Sensors and Measurements Laboratory, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | | | | | - Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui
- CSPBAT Laboratory, UMR 7244, UFR SMBH, University of Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Erwann Guénin
- Laboratoire TIMR, EA4297, Sorbonne Universités-Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Centre de recherche de Royallieu, rue du docteur Schweitzer, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France.
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Rinnert
- IFREMER, Brittany Center, Detection, Sensors and Measurements Laboratory, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Marc Lamy de la Chapelle
- CSPBAT Laboratory, UMR 7244, UFR SMBH, University of Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 93017 Bobigny, France.
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Tuwei AK, Williams NH, Mulla MY, Di Natale C, Paolesse R, Grell M. 'Rough guide' evanescent wave optrode for colorimetric metalloporphyrine sensors. Talanta 2017; 164:228-232. [PMID: 28107922 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When films of zinc 5-(4-carboxyphenyl),10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrin (ZnTPP) are exposed to waterborne amine in pH- neutral or alkaline media, both Q- band and Soret band respond with a change of absorbance due to the donation of amine 'lone pair' electrons to the metalloprophyrin π orbital. However, this is difficult to reveal with a conventional spectrometer even under high amine concentration. We therefore introduce optical fibres coated with ZnTPP into a bespoke 'light balance' evanescent wave absorbance meter [doi:10.1016/j.snb.2016.05.065]. The light balance makes absorbance changes clearly visible under only 5μM aqueous amine, making PVC membranes redundant. We find sensitivity is higher, and limit- of- detection lower, in the Soret band rather than the Q- band, reflecting the stronger Soret band absorbance. Also, we find that sensitivity is higher, and limit- of- detection approximately two times lower, when rough rather than smooth fibres are used. We believe the rough fibre surface leads to enhanced evanescence, and therefore better overlap of the wave propagating in the fibre with the ZnTPP fibre cladding. We find a limit of detection to waterborne amines below 1μM, which compares well to other sensors for waterborne amines [Korent, S.M. et.al. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 387 (2007) 2863-2870; Algarni, S. A. et.al. Talanta 153 (2016) 107-110]. We therefore recommend 'rough guide' evanescent wave optrodes, in combination with sensitive 'light balance' detector, to succeed membrane- embedding of colorimetric sensitisers such as metalloporphyrines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Kirwa Tuwei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Sciences, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109, 60400 Chuka, Kenya.
| | - Nicholas H Williams
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, S3 7HF Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Yusuf Mulla
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Martin Grell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom
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D’Souza AA, Kumari D, Banerjee R. Nanocomposite biosensors for point-of-care—evaluation of food quality and safety. NANOBIOSENSORS 2017. [PMCID: PMC7149521 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804301-1.00015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanosensors have wide applications in the food industry. Nanosensors based on quantum dots for heavy metal and organophosphate pesticides detection, and nanocomposites as indicators for shelf life of fish/meat products, have served as important tools for food quality and safety assessment. Luminescent labels consisting of NPs conjugated to aptamers have been popular for rapid detection of infectious and foodborne pathogens. Various detection technologies, including microelectromechanical systems for gas analytes, microarrays for genetically modified foods, and label-free nanosensors using nanowires, microcantilevers, and resonators are being applied extensively in the food industry. An interesting aspect of nanosensors has also been in the development of the electronic nose and electronic tongue for assessing organoleptic qualities, such as, odor and taste of food products. Real-time monitoring of food products for rapid screening, counterfeiting, and tracking has boosted ingenious, intelligent, and innovative packaging of food products. This chapter will give an overview of the contribution of nanotechnology-based biosensors in the food industry, ongoing research, technology advancements, regulatory guidelines, future challenges, and industrial outlook.
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17
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Ko HJ, Park TH. Bioelectronic nose and its application to smell visualization. J Biol Eng 2016; 10:17. [PMID: 27999616 PMCID: PMC5154139 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-016-0041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been many trials to visualize smell using various techniques in order to objectively express the smell because information obtained from the sense of smell in human is very subjective. So far, well-trained experts such as a perfumer, complex and large-scale equipment such as GC-MS, and an electronic nose have played major roles in objectively detecting and recognizing odors. Recently, an optoelectronic nose was developed to achieve this purpose, but some limitations regarding the sensitivity and the number of smells that can be visualized still persist. Since the elucidation of the olfactory mechanism, numerous researches have been accomplished for the development of a sensing device by mimicking human olfactory system. Engineered olfactory cells were constructed to mimic the human olfactory system, and the use of engineered olfactory cells for smell visualization has been attempted with the use of various methods such as calcium imaging, CRE reporter assay, BRET, and membrane potential assay; however, it is not easy to consistently control the condition of cells and it is impossible to detect low odorant concentration. Recently, the bioelectronic nose was developed, and much improved along with the improvement of nano-biotechnology. The bioelectronic nose consists of the following two parts: primary transducer and secondary transducer. Biological materials as a primary transducer improved the selectivity of the sensor, and nanomaterials as a secondary transducer increased the sensitivity. Especially, the bioelectronic noses using various nanomaterials combined with human olfactory receptors or nanovesicles derived from engineered olfactory cells have a potential which can detect almost all of the smells recognized by human because an engineered olfactory cell might be able to express any human olfactory receptor as well as can mimic human olfactory system. Therefore, bioelectronic nose will be a potent tool for smell visualization, but only if two technologies are completed. First, a multi-channel array-sensing system has to be applied for the integration of all of the olfactory receptors into a single chip for mimicking the performance of human nose. Second, the processing technique of the multi-channel system signals should be simultaneously established with the conversion of the signals to visual images. With the use of this latest sensing technology, the realization of a proper smell-visualization technology is expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi Jin Ko
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea ; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea ; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggido 443-270 Republic of Korea
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Paolesse R, Nardis S, Monti D, Stefanelli M, Di Natale C. Porphyrinoids for Chemical Sensor Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2517-2583. [PMID: 28222604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and related macrocycles have been intensively exploited as sensing materials in chemical sensors, since in these devices they mimic most of their biological functions, such as reversible binding, catalytic activation, and optical changes. Such a magnificent bouquet of properties allows applying porphyrin derivatives to different transducers, ranging from nanogravimetric to optical devices, also enabling the realization of multifunctional chemical sensors, in which multiple transduction mechanisms are applied to the same sensing layer. Potential applications are further expanded through sensor arrays, where cross-selective sensing layers can be applied for the analysis of complex chemical matrices. The possibility of finely tuning the macrocycle properties by synthetic modification of the different components of the porphyrin ring, such as peripheral substituents, molecular skeleton, coordinated metal, allows creating a vast library of porphyrinoid-based sensing layers. From among these, one can select optimal arrays for a particular application. This feature is particularly suitable for sensor array applications, where cross-selective receptors are required. This Review briefly describes chemical sensor principles. The main part of the Review is divided into two sections, describing the porphyrin-based devices devoted to the detection of gaseous or liquid samples, according to the corresponding transduction mechanism. Although most devices are based on porphyrin derivatives, seminal examples of the application of corroles or other porphyrin analogues are evidenced in dedicated sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Nardis
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata , via del Politecnico, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Catini A, Kumar R, Capuano R, Martinelli E, Paolesse R, di Natale C. An Exploration of the Metal Dependent Selectivity of a Metalloporphyrins Coated Quartz Microbalances Array. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16101640. [PMID: 27782032 PMCID: PMC5087428 DOI: 10.3390/s16101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies in the last two decades have demonstrated that metalloporphyrins coated quartz microbalances can be fruitfully used in many diverse applications, spanning from medical diagnosis to environmental control. This large versatility is due to the combination of the flexibility of metalloporphyrins molecular design with the independence of the quartz microbalance signal from the interaction mechanisms. The nature of the metal atom in the metalloporphyrins is often indicated as one of the most effective tools to design differently selective sensors. However, the properties of sensors are also strongly affected by the characteristics of the transducer. In this paper, the role of the metal atom is investigated studying the response, to various volatile compounds, of six quartz microbalance sensors that are based on the same porphyrin but with different metals. Results show that, since quartz microbalances (QMB) transducers can sense all the interactions between porphyrin and volatile compounds, the metal ion does not completely determine the sensor behaviour. Rather, the sensors based on the same molecular ring but with different metal ions show a non-negligible common behaviour. However, even if limited, the different metals still confer peculiar properties to the sensors and might drive the sensor array identification of the pool of tested volatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Catini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Rosamaria Capuano
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Corrado di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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Identification of a Large Pool of Microorganisms with an Array of Porphyrin Based Gas Sensors. SENSORS 2016; 16:466. [PMID: 27043577 PMCID: PMC4850980 DOI: 10.3390/s16040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The association between volatile compounds (VCs) and microorganisms, as demonstrated by several studies, may offer the ground for a rapid identification of pathogens. To this regard, chemical sensors are a key enabling technology for the exploitation of this opportunity. In this study, we investigated the performance of an array of porphyrin-coated quartz microbalance gas sensors in the identification of a panel of 12 bacteria and fungi. The porphyrins were metal complexes and the free base of a functionalized tetraphenylporphyrin. Our results show that the sensor array distinguishes the VC patterns produced by microorganisms in vitro. Besides being individually identified, bacteria are also sorted into Gram-positive and Gram-negative.
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22
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He Y, Zhang J, Zhao J. Theoretical Investigation on the Electronic Transport Properties of Iron(II) Porphyrin for CO Sensing with Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University
| | - Jinjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University
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Kalnoor BS, Bisht PB, Jena KC, Velkannan V, Bhyrappa P. Mixed β-Pyrrole Substituted meso-Tetraphenylporphyrins and Their Metal Complexes: Optical Nonlinearity Using Degenerate Four Wave Mixing Technique. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8216-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404451x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basanth S. Kalnoor
- Department
of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Prem B. Bisht
- Department
of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Kailash C. Jena
- Department
of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - V. Velkannan
- Department
of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - P. Bhyrappa
- Department
of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
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Zhang S, Yang L, Huo D, Liu X, Li J, Fa H, Zhang L, Hou C. Molecular interactions of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) with metalloporphyrins: determination of the binding mechanism by spectroscopic methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 88:137-143. [PMID: 22222014 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The molecular interactions of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphine zinc (ZnTPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine cobalt(II) (CoTPP) with dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) have been investigated by absorption/absorption difference spectroscopy. The interactions between the metalloporphyrins and DMMP change the absorbance characteristics of the porphyrins resulted from the formation of the metalloporphyrin-DMMP complexes. According to the Benesi-Hildebrand (B-H) equation, the equilibrium constants and stoichiometries of the binding systems at four different temperatures (288, 293, 298 and 303 K) were obtained. Experimental results showed that both ZnTPP and CoTPP bind to DMMP via axial coordination, resulting in the formation of 1:1 metalloporphyrin-DMMP complexes. However, it was found that ZnTPP showed stronger binding capacity with the equilibrium constant (K) of 83.864 M(-1) at room temperature, while CoTPP exhibited weaker binding with K of 24.904 M(-1). The thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (Δ(r)H(m)(θ)), entropy change (Δ(r)S(m)(θ)) and free energy changes (Δ(r)G(m)(θ)) were also studied for the interactions, indicating that the formation of the metalloporphyrins-DMMP complex was an exothermic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Zhang
- College of Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
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Di Natale C, Paolesse R, D'Amico A, Lundström I, Lloyd-Spetz A. Multi-transduction of molecular recognition events in metalloporphyrin layers. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Besides the design and synthesis of appropriate molecular recognition systems, the development of chemical sensors requires a careful selection of the transducer to allow conversion of the chemical interaction into an exploitable electric signal. Metalloporphyrins, which are characterized by manifold of interactions of different strength and selectivity, provide a good example of the complexity of such an issue. In this paper, an example of the different ways to capture interactions occurring in a metalloporphyrin layer is presented. In particular, the properties of mass (quartz microbalance) and surface potential transducers (field effect transistor) are illustrated. Results suggest that field effect transistors are more suitable to preserve the interactions magnitude scale than to maintain the original selectivity of the molecular recognition system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Arnaldo D'Amico
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ingemar Lundström
- Division of Applied Physics IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anita Lloyd-Spetz
- Division of Applied Physics IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
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26
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Tonezzer M, Maggioni G, Dalcanale E. Production of novel microporous porphyrin materials with superior sensing capabilities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15008e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Tomato Quality during Short-Term Storage Assessed by Colour and Electronic Nose. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/687429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An assay based on an electronic olfactory system was set to evaluate tomato fruits by sensing the aromatic volatiles during postharvest storage of 21 days at C in darkness. Olfactory system measurements were coupled with colour values. Odour profile and senescence parameters were carried out at 7-day intervals. Discriminant function analysis applied to electronic nose data showed three components, accounting for 99.2% of the total variance. In the present assay, separation among groups according to storage time (0, 7, and 14 days) was observed for wildtype. Overexpressed (Money Maker) lines/plants of tomato showed difference between odour profile for day 0 and day 21, even tough a no clear discrimination between 7 and 14 days was observed. Fruit lost weight almost linearly with shelf life () presenting an averaged loss of 21% () for over-expressed (Money Maker) lines/plants, 13% () for silenced (Money Maker), and 14% () for wild type during 21 days of storage. Colour values , , and data showed that colour properties changed during storage for all the lines considered. Correlations between odour profiles and colour parameter were obtained showing that the electronic nose is a useful technique for monitoring short-term storage of tomato.
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28
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Selyanchyn R, Korposh S, Wakamatsu S, Lee SW. Respiratory monitoring by porphyrin modified quartz crystal microbalance sensors. SENSORS 2011; 11:1177-91. [PMID: 22346621 PMCID: PMC3274104 DOI: 10.3390/s110101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A respiratory monitoring system based on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor with a functional film was designed and investigated. Porphyrins 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TSPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfophenyl)-21H, 23H-porphine manganese (III) chloride (MnTSPP) used as sensitive elements were assembled with a poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA). Films were deposited on the QCM resonators using layer-by-layer method in order to develop the sensor. The developed system, in which the sensor response reflects lung movements, was able to track human respiration providing respiratory rate (RR) and respiratory pattern (RP). The sensor system was tested on healthy volunteers to compare RPs and calculate RRs. The operation principle of the proposed system is based on the fast adsorption/desorption behavior of water originated from human breath into the sensor films deposited on the QCM electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Selyanchyn
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan; E-Mails: (R.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Serhiy Korposh
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan; E-Mails: (R.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Shunichi Wakamatsu
- Chitose Technical Center, Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co. Ltd., 1-3-1, Minami-Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0009, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan; E-Mails: (R.S.); (S.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-93-695-3293; Fax: +81-93-695-3384
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SELYANCHYN R, KORPOSH S, WAKAMATSU S, LEE SW. Simultaneous Monitoring of Humidity and Chemical Changes Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensors Modified with Nano-thin Films. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:253-8. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Nardis S, Pomarico G, Tortora L, Capuano R, D'Amico A, Di Natale C, Paolesse R. Sensing mechanisms of supramolecular porphyrin aggregates: a teamwork task for the detection of gaseous analytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Bevilaqua RC, Zanella I, Fagan SB. Chlorophyll a and pheophytin a as gas sensors of CO2 and O2 molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Boufi S, Rei Vilar M, Parra V, Ferraria AM, Botelho do Rego AM. Grafting of porphyrins on cellulose nanometric films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:7309-7315. [PMID: 18563921 DOI: 10.1021/la800786s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin films of cellulose were functionalized with iron protoporphyrin IX (FePP). Spin-coating allows the production of silylated cellulose films in a controlled way. Cellulose regeneration is achieved through the hydrolyzation of the silane groups, exposing the film to acidic vapors. To enhance the reactivity of the cellulose surface to the protoporphyrin, carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) was used as an activator. The effect of different spacers on the porphyrin grafting such as 1,8-diaminooctane and 1,4-phenylenediamine was studied. The highest level of cellulose functionalization with FePP was achieved when both the cellulose film and FePP were activated by CDI and a diaminoalkane was used as a spacer between the surface and the FePP. ATR/MIR (attenuated total reflection in multiple internal reflections) was performed in situ to follow the kinetics of the different chemical reactions with the cellulose surface. ATR/MIR proved again to be a powerful tool for probing the surface reaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy permitted the elemental analysis of the cellulose surface after the chemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Boufi
- Laboratoire Sciences des Materiaux et Environnement, Faculte des Sciences de Sfax, Universite de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Arvanitoyannis IS, Vaitsi OB. A review on tomato authenticity: quality control methods in conjunction with multivariate analysis (chemometrics). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2008; 47:675-99. [PMID: 17943497 DOI: 10.1080/10408390600948568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Authenticity and traceability have been two of the most important issues in the food chain. Authenticity in particular, is closely related with both food quality and safety issues. Vegetables stand for a category of foods heavily affected by adulteration either in terms of geographic origin (national or international level) or production methods (organic or conventional production, fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified vegetables). This review aims at addressing most of the currently applied methods for ensuring quality control of vegetables; a) instrumental: ion chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, electronic nose and mass spectroscopy and b) sensory analysis. The results of all the above mentioned methods were analyzed by means of multivariate analysis (principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, canonical analysis, and factor analysis). All ensuing results and conclusions are summarized in eight comprehensive tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S Arvanitoyannis
- University of Thessaly School of Agricultural Sciences Department of Agriculture Animal Production & Aquatic Production, Volos, Hellas, Greece.
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Basabe-Desmonts L, Van der Baan F, Zimmerman RS, Reinhoudt DN, Crego-Calama M. Cross-Reactive Sensor Array for Metal Ion Sensing Based on Fluorescent SAMs. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2007; 7:1731-1746. [PMID: 28903194 PMCID: PMC3841843 DOI: 10.3390/s7091731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent self assembled monolayers (SAMs) on glass were previouslydeveloped in our group as new sensing materials for metal ions. These fluorescent SAMs arecomprised by fluorophores and small molecules sequentially deposited on a monolayer onglass. The preorganization provided by the surface avoids the need for complex receptordesign, allowing for a combinatorial approach to sensing systems based on small molecules.Now we show the fabrication of an effective microarray for the screening of metal ions andthe properties of the sensing SAMs. A collection of fluorescent sensing SAMs wasgenerated by combinatorial methods and immobilized on the glass surfaces of a custom-made 140 well microtiter-plate. The resulting libraries are easily measured and show variedresponses to a series cations such as Cu2+ , Co2+ , Pb2+ , Ca2+ and Zn2+ . These surfaces are notdesigned to complex selectively a unique analyte but rather they are intended to producefingerprint type responses to a range of analytes by less specific interactions. The unselectiveresponses of the library to the presence of different cations generate a characteristic patternfor each analyte, a "finger print" response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Frederieke Van der Baan
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca S Zimmerman
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - David N Reinhoudt
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mercedes Crego-Calama
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Alimelli A, Pennazza G, Santonico M, Paolesse R, Filippini D, D'Amico A, Lundström I, Di Natale C. Fish freshness detection by a computer screen photoassisted based gas sensor array. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 582:320-8. [PMID: 17386509 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last years a large number of different measurement methodologies were applied to measure the freshness of fishes. Among them the connection between freshness and headspace composition has been considered by gas chromatographic analysis and from the last two decades by a number of sensors and biosensors aimed at measuring some characteristic indicators (usually amines). More recently also the so-called artificial olfaction systems gathering together many non-specific sensors have shown a certain capability to transduce the global composition of the fish headspace capturing the differences between fresh and spoiled products. One of the main objectives related to the introduction of sensor systems with respect to the analytical methods is the claimed possibility to distribute the freshness control since sensors are expected to be "portable" and "simple". In spite of these objectives, until now sensor systems did not result in any tool that may be broadly distributed. In this paper, we present a chemical sensor array where the optical features of layers of chemicals, sensitive to volatile compounds typical of spoilage processes in fish, are interrogated by a very simple platform based on a computer screen and a web cam. An array of metalloporphyrins is here used to classify fillets of thawed fishes according to their storage days and to monitor the spoilage in filleted anchovies for a time of 8 h. Results indicate a complete identification of the storage days of thawed fillets and a determination of the storage time of anchovies held at room temperature with a root mean square error of validation of about 30 min. The optical system produces a sort of spectral fingerprint containing information about both the absorbance and the emission of the sensitive layer. The system here illustrated, based on computer peripherals, can be easily scaled to any device endowed with a programmable screen and a camera such as cellular phones offering for the first time the possibility to fulfil the sensor expectation of diffused and efficient analytical capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Alimelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
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37
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Pyrzyńska K, Kilian K. Application of cyclodextrins as modifiers in electrophoretic separation of metalloporphyrins. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:282-7. [PMID: 16524104 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several metallocomplexes of tetrakis-carboxyphenylporphyrin (TCPP) were separated on fused-silica capillary using CZE with UV-VIS detection. Metalloporphyrins of Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) were formed directly in TCPP solution with addition of Cd(II) to increase the formation reaction rate. The composition of BGE, its concentration, and pH were optimized to ensure the stability of complexes and proper resolution. In particular, the problem of signals' shape was investigated and discussed. The presence of beta-CD in borate buffer significantly improved separation efficiency and signal shapes due to formation of inclusion complexes. Under the best separation conditions (50 mM borate running buffer at pH 9 with addition of 2 mM beta-CD, 30 kV applied voltage) a separation of metal complexes with TCPP was accomplished in 16 min.
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Poriel C, Ferrand Y, Le Maux P, Paul-Roth C, Simonneaux G, Rault-Berthelot J. Anodic oxidation and physicochemical properties of various porphyrin-fluorenes or -spirobifluorenes: Synthesis of new polymers for heterogeneous catalytic reactions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Valkova L, Borovkov N, Koifman O, Kutepov A, Berzina T, Fontana M, Rella R, Valli L. Sorption of amines by the Langmuir–Blodgett films of soluble cobalt phthalocyanines: evidence for the supramolecular mechanisms. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 20:1177-84. [PMID: 15556364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Revised: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
By means of microgravimetry, UV-Vis spectroscopy and optic microscopy, sorption of pyridine, primary aliphatic amines and benzylamine by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of tetra-4-tert-butyl- and tetra-(3-nitro-5-tert-butyl)-substituted cobalt phthalocyanines (CoPc' and CoPc*, respectively) was studied over a broad concentration range. In general, sorption occurs as stepwise intercalation of the sorbate molecules into the supramolecular 3D structure of the phthalocyanine assembly followed by formation of the donor-acceptor complexes. Both intercalation depth and stoichiometry of the complexes are determined by the molecular structure of amines. The supramolecular factor allows discrimination between amines in air but not in aqueous solutions because of concurrent intercalation of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valkova
- Ivanovo State University, Lab. of liq. cryst.,189-36, Gen. Khlebnikov St., 153048 Ivanovo, Russia; INFM, Ancona, Italy.
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Gouma P, Sberveglieri G. Novel materials and applications of electronic noses and tongues. MRS BULLETIN 2004; 29:697-702. [PMID: 15991399 DOI: 10.1557/mrs2004.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This introductory article describes the content of the October 2004 issue of MRS Bulletin focusing on novel materials and applications of electronic noses and tongues. The articles in this issue review the state of the art in materials, devices, and data processing algorithms used in electronic olfaction and taste systems. The most common gas- and liquid-phase analyte detection tools are presented and compared with traditional chemical analysis instrumentation such as gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy systems. Metal oxides, polymer/polymer composites, and dyes are covered in these articles as key sensing materials. Resistive, optical, electrochemical, and other types of electronic nose and tongue systems are reviewed, and their use in diverse applications, including environmental and food-quality monitoring and medical diagnostics, is discussed.
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Král V, Shishkanova TV, Sessler JL, Brown CT. Cytosine-substituted metalloporphyrins: receptors for recognition of nucleotides in ion-selective electrodes. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:1169-75. [PMID: 15064794 DOI: 10.1039/b400880d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new series of cytosine-substituted metalloporphyrin conjugates (containing Co(II) and Zn(II) as the coordinated metals) were designed and investigated as nucleotide receptors in PVC-membrane-based ion-selective electrodes under neutral conditions. The potentiometric results indicate that these systems, in particular the Co(II)-containing complex, may be potentially useful sensors for complementary nucleotide substrates in the presence of 10 mol% tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (K(Pot.)(5'-GMP/5'-AMP)= 0.045).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Král
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, 16628 Prague 6, Technická 5, Czech Republic.
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Di Natale C, Macagnano A, Martinelli E, Paolesse R, D'Arcangelo G, Roscioni C, Finazzi-Agrò A, D'Amico A. Lung cancer identification by the analysis of breath by means of an array of non-selective gas sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:1209-18. [PMID: 12835038 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(03)00086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous finding shown that the composition of the breath of patients with lung cancer contains information that could be used to detect the disease. These volatiles are mainly alkanes and aromatic compounds. Sensor arrays technology (electronic nose) proved to be useful to screen samples characterised by different headspace composition. Here we investigated the possibility of using an electronic nose to check whether volatile compounds present in expired air may diagnose lung cancer. Breath samples were collected and immediately analysed by an electronic nose. A total of 60 individuals were involved in the experiment. 35 of them were affected by lung cancer, 18 individuals were measured as reference and nine were measured after the surgical therapy. Two individuals were measured twice, before and after the surgical therapy, for a total of 62 measurements. An electronic nose, composed by eight quartz microbalance (QMB) gas sensors, coated with different metalloporphyrins, was used. These sensors show a good sensitivity towards those compounds previously indicated as possible lung cancer markers in breath. The application of a 'partial least squares-discriminant analysis' (PLS-DA) found out a 100% of classification of lung cancer affected patients, 94% of reference was correctly classified. The class of post-surgery patients were correctly individuated in 44% of the cases, while the other samples were classified as healthy references. The alteration of breath composition induced by the presence of lung cancer was enough to allow a complete identification of the sample of diseased individuals. Extended studies are necessary to evaluate the resolution of the method, namely the stage at which the disease may be identified in order to use this instrument for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via di Tor Vergata 110, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Lavigne JJ, Anslyn EV. Sensing A Paradigm Shift in the Field of Molecular Recognition: From Selective to Differential Receptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:3118-3130. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010903)40:17<3118::aid-anie3118>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lavigne JJ, Anslyn EV. Aufspüren eines Paradigmenwechsels auf dem Gebiet der molekularen Erkennung: von den selektiven Rezeptoren zu den differenziellen Rezeptoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010903)113:17<3212::aid-ange3212>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Curey TE, Goodey A, Tsao A, Lavigne J, Sohn Y, McDevitt JT, Anslyn EV, Neikirk D, Shear JB. Characterization of multicomponent monosaccharide solutions using an enzyme-based sensor array. Anal Biochem 2001; 293:178-84. [PMID: 11399030 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of a sensor for rapidly and simultaneously measuring multiple sugars in aqueous samples. In this strategy, enzyme-based assays are localized within an array of individually addressable sites on a micromachined silicon chip. Microspheres derivatized with monosaccharide-specific dehydrogenases are distributed to pyramidal cavities anisotropically etched in a wafer of silicon (100) and are exposed to sample solution that is forced through the cavities by a liquid chromatography pumping system. Production of fluorescent reporter molecules is monitored under stopped-flow conditions when localized dehydrogenase enzyme systems are exposed to their target sugars. We demonstrate the capability of this analysis strategy to quantify beta-D-glucose and beta-D-galactose at low micromolar to millimolar levels, with no detectable cross-talk between assay sites. Analysis is achieved either through fluorescence detection of an initial dehydrogenase product (NADH, NADPH) or by production of a secondary fluorescent product created by hydride transfer from the reduced nicotinamide cofactor to a fluorogenic reagent. The array format of this sensor provides capabilities for redundant analysis of sugars and for monitoring levels of other solution components known to affect the activity of enzymes. The use of this strategy to normalize raw fluorescence signals is demonstrated by the determination of glucose and pH on a single chip. Alternatively, uncertainties in the activity of an immobilized enzyme can be accounted for using standard additions, an approach used here in the determination of serum glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Curey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Sun LX, Okada T. Simultaneous determination of the concentration of methanol and relative humidity based on a single Nafion(Ag)-coated quartz crystal microbalance. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Array-based vapour-sensing devices are used to detect and differentiate between chemically diverse analytes. These systems--based on cross-responsive sensor elements--aim to mimic the mammalian olfactory system by producing composite responses unique to each odorant. Previous work has concentrated on a variety of non-specific chemical interactions to detect non-coordinating organic vapours. But the most odiferous, toxic compounds often bind readily to metal ions. Here we report a simple optical chemical sensing method that utilizes the colour change induced in an array of metalloporphyrin dyes upon ligand binding while minimizing the need for extensive signal transduction hardware. The chemoselective response of a library of immobilized vapour-sensing metalloporphyrin dyes permits the visual identification of a wide range of ligating (alcohols, amines, ethers, phosphines, phosphites, thioethers and thiols) and even weakly ligating (arenes, halocarbons and ketones) vapours. Water vapour does not affect the performance of the device, which shows a good linear response to single analytes, and interpretable responses to analyte mixtures. Unique colour fingerprints can be obtained at analyte concentrations below 2 parts per million, and responses to below 100 parts per billion have been observed. We expect that this type of sensing array will be of practical importance for general-purpose vapour dosimeters and analyte-specific detectors (for insecticides, drugs or neurotoxins, for example).
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Rakow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA
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Di Natale C, Mantini A, Macagnano A, Antuzzi D, Paolesse R, D'Amico A. Electronic nose analysis of urine samples containing blood. Physiol Meas 1999; 20:377-84. [PMID: 10593231 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/20/4/305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the possible application of an electronic nose to the analysis of urine is presented. In contrast with the conventional applications of sensors and biosensors operating in liquid, the approach discussed here makes use of gas sensors performing an analysis of the headspace. The application deals with urine samples from patients affected by kidney diseases; some of the samples contained traces of blood. Results show the possibility of distinguishing the samples containing blood from the others, and a linear correlation between the first three principal components and the blood content was found. Furthermore, the electronic nose matched with a suitable neural network showed good performance in measuring the pH and the specific weight of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
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Pattern recognition approach to the study of the interactions between metalloporphyrin Langmuir–Blodgett films and volatile organic compounds. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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