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Immobilization of Aspergillus niger F7-02 Lipase in Polysaccharide Hydrogel Beads of Irvingia gabonensis Matrix. Enzyme Res 2014; 2014:967056. [PMID: 25614829 PMCID: PMC4295590 DOI: 10.1155/2014/967056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of polysaccharide Irvingia gabonensis matrix as enzyme immobilization support was investigated. Lipase of Aspergillus niger F7-02 was immobilized by entrapment using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent and stabilized in ethanolic-formaldehyde solution. The pH and temperature stability and activity yield of the immobilized enzyme were determined. Such parameters as enzyme load, bead size, number of beads, and bead reusability were also optimized. Adequate gel strength to form stabilized beads was achieved at 15.52% (w/v) Irvingia gabonensis powder, 15% (v/v) partially purified lipase, 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, and 3 : 1 (v/v) ethanolic-formaldehyde solution. There was 3.93-fold purification when the crude enzyme was partially purified in two-step purification using Imarsil and activated charcoal. Optimum lipase activity 75.3 Ug−1 was achieved in 50 mL test solution containing 15 beads of 7 mm bead size. Relative activity 80% was retained at eight repeated cycles. The immobilization process gave activity yield of 59.1% with specific activity of 12.3 Umg−1 and stabilized at optimum pH 4.5 and temperature 55°C. Thus the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of I. gabonensis as a polymer matrix for lipase immobilization have been established.
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2
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Kareem SO, Akpan I, Popoola TOS, Sanni LO. Activated charcoal-a potential material in glucoamylase recovery. Enzyme Res 2012; 2011:483943. [PMID: 22235364 PMCID: PMC3251798 DOI: 10.4061/2011/483943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of activated charcoal in the purification of fungal glucoamylase was investigated. Various concentrations of activated charcoal (1–4% w/v) were used to concentrate crude glucoamylase from Rhizopus oligosporus at different temperature values (30–50°C). Effects of pH (3.0–6.0) and contact time (0–60 min) on enzyme purification were also monitored. Activated charcoal (3% w/v) gave a 16-fold purification in a single-step purification at 50°C for 20 min and pH 5.5. The result of SDS-PAGE analysis of purified glucoamylase showed two major protein bands with corresponding molecular weight of 36 kDa and 50 kDa. The method is inexpensive, rapid, and simple which could facilitate downstream processing of industrial enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Kareem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Zinn M, Durner R, Zinn H, Ren Q, Egli T, Witholt B. Growth and accumulation dynamics of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) in Pseudomonas putida GPo1 cultivated in continuous culture under transient feed conditions. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:1240-52. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vandenbergh PA, Wright AM, Vidaver AK. Partial Purification and Characterization of a Polysaccharide Depolymerase Associated with Phage-Infected Erwinia amylovora. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 49:994-6. [PMID: 16346774 PMCID: PMC238484 DOI: 10.1128/aem.49.4.994-996.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora infected with bacteriophage ERA103 produced an enzyme which degraded the extracellular polysaccharide of noninfected cells. The depolymerase enzyme was purified 15-fold by a procedure which included ammonium sulfate precipitation, ultracentrifugation, CM-Sephadex batchwise separation, Sephadex G-50 column chromatography, and Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography. The enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 21,000 and a pH optimum of 6.0. Activity was enhanced by supplements of 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Vandenbergh
- Microlife Technics, 1833 57th St., Sarasota, Florida 34243, and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
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Gonzalez CF, Kunka BS. Evidence for Plasmid Linkage of Raffinose Utilization and Associated alpha-Galactosidase and Sucrose Hydrolase Activity in Pediococcus pentosaceus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 51:105-9. [PMID: 16346958 PMCID: PMC238824 DOI: 10.1128/aem.51.1.105-109.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to ferment the trisaccharide raffinose was linked with the presence of plasmid DNA in three strains of Pediococcus pentosaceus. Parental strains showed associated inducible alpha-galactosidase and sucrose hydrolase activities when grown in alpha-galactosides and sucrose, respectively. Derivative strains of PPE1.0, PPE2.0, and PPE5.0, which had lost 30-, 28-, and 23-megadalton plasmids, respectively, had no alpha-galactosidase or sucrose hydrolase activity.
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Levashov PA, Sutherland DS, Besenbacher F, Shipovskov S. A robust method of determination of high concentrations of peptides and proteins. Anal Biochem 2009; 395:111-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ter Steeg PF, Van Der Hoeven JS. Development of Periodontal Microflora on Human Serum. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910608909140195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. F. Ter Steeg
- Institute of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. S. Van Der Hoeven
- Institute of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ter Steeg PF, Van Der Hoeven JS, Bakkeren JAJM. Immunoglobulin G Cleaving Species in Serum-degrading Consortia of Periodontal Bacteria. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910608909140214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. F. Ter Steeg
- Institute of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. S. Van Der Hoeven
- Institute of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. A. J. M. Bakkeren
- Central Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, St. Radboud University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ter Steeg PF, Van Der Hoeven JS, De Jong MH, Van Munster PJJ, Jansen MJH. Modelling the Gingival Pocket by Enrichment of Subgingival Microflora in Human Serum in Chemostats. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910608809140185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. F. Ter Steeg
- Dept. of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. S. Van Der Hoeven
- Dept. of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. H. De Jong
- Dept. of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P. J. J. Van Munster
- Clinical Chemical Laboratory, Dept. of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. J. H. Jansen
- Clinical Chemical Laboratory, Dept. of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lau EP, Cochran BC, Munson L, Fall RR. Bovine kidney 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA carboxylases: each enzyme contains nonidentical subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 76:214-8. [PMID: 16170895 PMCID: PMC382908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.1.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCase; EC 6.4.1.4) and propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCase; EC 6.4.1.3) have been obtained in highly purified form from bovine kidney mitochondria. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed that each enzyme is composed of nonidentical subunits, including a smaller biotin-free subunit (Mr 62,000 and 58,000 for MCase and PCase, respectively), and a larger biotin-containing subunit (Mr 80,000 and 74,000 for MCase and PCase, respectively). The possibility that these subunits were derived from a single, larger precursor polypeptide via proteolysis was explored by purification and electrophoresis of each enzyme in the presence of protease inhibitors, but no evidence for proteolysis was obtained. Specific antisera directed towards each enzyme were prepared. The anti-PCase preparation was used to precipitate crossreacting PCase from a pig heart extract. Analysis of the immunoprecipitate obtained revealed a biotin-containing polypeptide (Mr 78,000) and a biotin-free polypeptide (Mr 55,000), suggesting that pig heart PCase also contains nonidentical subunits analogous to those seen in the kidney mitochondrial MCase and PCase. A bipartite subunit structure may be a common feature in mammalian MCase and PCase.
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Engledow AS, Medrano EG, Mahenthiralingam E, LiPuma JJ, Gonzalez CF. Involvement of a plasmid-encoded type IV secretion system in the plant tissue watersoaking phenotype of Burkholderia cenocepacia. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:6015-24. [PMID: 15342570 PMCID: PMC515160 DOI: 10.1128/jb.186.18.6015-6024.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2004] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia strain K56-2, a representative of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, is part of the epidemic and clinically problematic ET12 lineage. The strain produced plant tissue watersoaking (ptw) on onion tissue, which is a plant disease-associated trait. Using plasposon mutagenesis, mutants in the ptw phenotype were generated. The translated sequence of a disrupted gene (ptwD4) from a ptw-negative mutant showed homology to VirD4-like proteins. Analysis of the region proximal to the transfer gene homolog identified a gene cluster located on the 92-kb resident plasmid that showed homology to type IV secretion systems. The role of ptwD4, ptwC, ptwB4, and ptwB10 in the expression of ptw activity was determined by conducting site-directed mutagenesis. The ptw phenotype was not expressed by K56-2 derivatives with a disruption in ptwD4, ptwB4, or ptwB10 but was observed in a derivative with a disruption in ptwC. Complementation of ptw-negative K56-2 derivatives in trans resulted in complete restoration of the ptw phenotype. In addition, analysis of culture supernatants revealed that the putative ptw effector(s) was a secreted, heat-stable protein(s) that caused plasmolysis of plant protoplasts. A second chromosomally encoded type IV secretion system with complete homology to the VirB-VirD system was identified in K56-2. Site-directed mutagenesis of key secretory genes in the VirB-VirD system did not affect expression of the ptw phenotype. Our findings indicate that in strain K56-2, the plasmid-encoded Ptw type IV secretion system is responsible for the secretion of a plant cytotoxic protein(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Engledow
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, 2132 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Kareem SO, Akpan I, Osho MB. Calotropis procera (Sodom apple)--a potential material for enzyme purification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2003; 87:133-135. [PMID: 12733587 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A simple method based on precipitation with Calotropis procera latex was developed for the purification of crude enzyme from fermentation broth. C. procera latex (10(-2) dilution) clarified and concentrated the crude amylase of Aspergillus oryzae 4-fold with 97% recovery of the initial amylase activity in the filtrate in a single step operation. The latex was stable at pH < or = 4.5 and there was no significant difference (P < or = 0.05) in the purification potential of the latex at 4 and 28 degrees C. This method could prove useful to developing economies of the tropics where ambient temperature is around 28 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Kareem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Gonzalez CF, Pettit EA, Valadez VA, Provin EM. Mobilization, cloning, and sequence determination of a plasmid-encoded polygalacturonase from a phytopathogenic Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 1997; 10:840-851. [PMID: 9304858 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.1997.10.7.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic strains of Burkholderia cepacia (synonym Pseudomonas cepacia) produce endopolygalacturonase, whereas strains of clinical and soil origin do not. Growth of a phytopathogenic strain (ATCC25416) at elevated temperatures resulted in nonpectolytic derivatives that were either cured of a resident plasmid or contained a plasmid of reduced mass. The resident 200-kb plasmid (pPEC320) in strain ATCC25416 was tagged with Tn5-Mob. The pPEC320::Tn5-Mob (pPEC321) plasmid was mobilized in B. cepacia strains of soil and clinical origin. Transconjugants containing pPEC321 expressed the endopolygalacturonase and showed differential activity on plant tissue. No evidence for self-transfer of pPEC320 or the tagged derivative was observed. A 285-kb cloned fragment from pPEC320 containing the plasmid-borne pehA gene was sequenced and compared to the pehA gene from Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Ralstonia solanacearum and the polygalacturonase sequence from Lycopersicon esculentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2132, USA.
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16
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Danner S, Soppa J. Characterization of the distal promoter element of halobacteria in vivo using saturation mutagenesis and selection. Mol Microbiol 1996; 19:1265-76. [PMID: 8730868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The sequence and spacing requirements of the archaeal "distal promoter element' (DPE) were examined by randomizing positions -19 to -32 upstream of the transcriptional start site of the ferredoxin (fdx) promoter of Halobacterium salinarium. This randomized promoter library containing 4(14) entries was cloned in front of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) reporter gene and transformed into Haloferax volcanii. Two approaches were used to characterize these synthetic promoters. First, 1040 independent clones were randomly chosen and their degrees of trimethoprim resistance were determined. The sequences of 20 clones that were either sensitive, partially resistant or very resistant, respectively, were determined. Secondly, the transformed library was screened by direct selection for high-activity promoters by growing transformants in the presence of trimethoprim. Both approaches produced the following consensus sequence for a halobacterial promoter: (Formula: see text) (where R = A or G; Y = C or T; W = A or T; S = G or C; N = A, C, G or T). Further characterization of two sensitive, two partially resistant, and two very resistant clones verified that DHFR activity and cell phenotype are directly correlated. Sensitive clones did not contain detectable dhfr mRNA, whereas partially resistant clones contained a 700 nucleotide (nt)-long transcript, and very resistant clones contained both the 700nt-long transcript and a second, more abundant, 500nt-long truncated transcript. Quantification of the dhfr mRNA and DHFR enzyme activity suggests that the 3'-untranslated region of the dhfr transcript, missing from the shorter transcript, functions as a negative regulator of translation.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- Consensus Sequence
- DNA Probes/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Genes, Bacterial
- Genes, Reporter
- Halobacterium/genetics
- Halobacterium/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis
- Plasmids/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- S Danner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany
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17
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Physiology and polyester formation of Pseudomonas oleovorans in continuous two-liquid-phase cultures. Enzyme Microb Technol 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(91)90059-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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ter Steeg PF, van der Hoeven JS. Growth stimulation of Treponema denticola by periodontal microorganisms. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1990; 57:63-70. [PMID: 2321929 DOI: 10.1007/bf00403156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous experiments have indicated that enrichment of subgingival plaque in human serum can lead to the accumulation of Treponema denticola. T. denticola depends on bacterial interactions for its growth in serum. Aim of the present study was to identify specific microorganisms involved in the growth stimulation of T. denticola. To this end, strains isolated from previous plaque enrichment cultures were tested for growth stimulation in co-cultures with T. denticola. In addition, growth of T. denticola was tested in culture filtrates of the same strains, Bacteroides intermedius, Eubacterium nodatum, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum were found to enhance growth of T. denticola in co-cultures. A continuous co-culture of T. denticola, F. nucleatum and B. intermedius in human serum gave very high levels of T. denticola, up to 3.10(9).ml-1. Mechanisms involved in growth stimulation may include the ability of B. intermedius and E. nodatum to cleave the protein-core of serum (glyco-)proteins, making these molecules accessible for degradation by T. denticola. In addition, E. nodatum was found to produce a low-molecular weight growth-factor for T. denticola, that was heat-stable and acid as well as alkaline resistant. V. parvula may provide peptidase activities complementary to those of T. denticola. The nature of the growth enhancing activity of F. nucleatum is yet unknown. The data support the dependency of T. denticola on other bacterial species for growth in the periodontal pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F ter Steeg
- Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Nijmegen
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Zusman T, Rosenshine I, Boehm G, Jaenicke R, Leskiw B, Mevarech M. Dihydrofolate reductase of the extremely halophilic archaebacterium Halobacterium volcanii. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)47238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Akpan I, Uraih N, Obuekwe CO, Ikenebomeh MJ. Production of ethanol from cassava whey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370080106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Vasiliadis GE, Sloan J, Marshall JH, May JW. Glycerol and dihydroxyacetone metabolizing enzymes in fission yeasts of the genus Schizosaccharomyces. Arch Microbiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00463486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Vandenbergh PA, Cole RL. Cloning and Expression in
Escherichia coli
of the Polysaccharide Depolymerase Associated with Bacteriophage-Infected
Erwinia amylovora. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986; 51:862-4. [PMID: 16347044 PMCID: PMC238974 DOI: 10.1128/aem.51.4.862-864.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteriophage-encoded polysaccharide depolymerase produced in
Erwinia amylovora
has been cloned and expressed in
Escherichia coli
. The bacteriophage ERA103 genome was observed to consist of five
EcoR
I fragments, labeled as follows: A, 7.5 kilobases (kb); B, 5.0 kb; C, 2.7 kb; D, 2.1 kb; and E, 1.8 kb. A restriction map for ERA103 was also prepared. Each of the fragments were cloned into the positive-selection vector pOP203(A
2
+
) and pBR322.
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Marshall JH, Bridge PD, May JW. Source and avoidance of the "nothing dehydrogenase" effect, a spurious band produced during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of dehydrogenase enzymes from yeasts. Anal Biochem 1984; 139:359-62. [PMID: 6206745 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
During a study of the distribution of several NAD-linked dehydrogenase enzymes in various yeasts, in which polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by activity staining with phenazine methosulfate and a tetrazolium was used, a band was frequently detected, the production of which appeared to be independent of any added substrate (the "nothing dehydrogenase" effect). It has been shown that this effect is caused by alcohol dehydrogenase acting on traces of ethanol inadvertently introduced into the system. Two sources of ethanol were identified. They were (i) the enzyme extracts, which could be freed from ethanol by gel filtration, and (ii) the acrylamide used to prepare the gel, which could be freed from ethanol by recrystallization from ethanol-free chloroform. It is suggested that the use of commercial chloroform (stabilized with ethanol) as a recrystallizing solvent is the source of ethanol contamination in commercial preparations of acrylamide.
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Frey J, Einsfelder B. Induction of surface IgG receptors in cytomegalovirus-infected human fibroblasts. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 138:213-6. [PMID: 6319131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb07903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Binding studies on diploid human fibroblasts with human immunoglobulin G (IgG) demonstrate the existence of a specific receptor for this class of immunoglobulin. The receptor preferentially binds aggregated human IgG and recognizes these complexes via the Fc portion of the molecule. Cytomegalovirus infection of diploid human fibroblasts results in a more than 100-fold increase in the number of IgG-receptors present on the cell surface. The binding of aggregated IgG by these newly expressed receptors exhibits the characteristics of the binding mediated by the receptors detectable in uninfected cells.
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Hazen W, de Bruyn JC, van Dijken JP. Nocardia sp. 239, a facultative methanol utilizer with the ribulose monophosphate pathway of formaldehyde fixation. Arch Microbiol 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00414481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Watson D, Lindel DL, Fall R. Pseudomonas aeruginosa contains an inducible methylcitrate synthase. Curr Microbiol 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01567308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Williamson J, McLaren DJ. Localization of phosphatases in Trypanosoma rhodesiense. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1981; 28:460-7. [PMID: 6459452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb05320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase activity in Trypanosoma rhodesiense has been examined histochemically by light and electron microscopy and by enzymatic assay in homogenate fractions. Using a method with lead as capture ion, acid phosphatase was found in lysosome-like vesicles and in the flagellar pocket. No alkaline adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was detectable by this method. Direct assay of p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity in homogenate fractions showed that acid phosphatase activity was strongly membrane-bound, but that activity at pH 9 was minimal in both soluble and particulate fractions. "Endogenous" ATPase activity was localized specifically and reproducibly in the mitochondrial membranes and under the plasma membrane of he flagellum. This nonenzymic reaction product could not be eradicated by glycerol extraction or glucose depletion. Unlike the membrane staining, which was manifest only after lead treatment, heat-resistant electron-dense material was found in the matrix of lysosomal vesicles in trypanosomes fixed in glutaraldehyde only and not subjected to further treatment with heavy metal reagents. X-ray emission analysis showed the presence of calcium and phosphorus, indicating that the matrix might have a phosphate storage function.
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Abstract
The relationship between the rates of methane and ethane oxidation by washed suspensions of methane-oxidizing bacteria has been investigated. Considerable differences between bacterial strains were observed. Two closely related Methylomonas strains which differed in their oxidizing capacity were further investigated. The low ethane oxidation rate of one strain could be strongly stimulated by the addition of oxidizable co-substrates and the presence of ethane stimulated formate oxidation. The other strain had a much higher ethane oxidation rate and stimulation by co-substrates was negligible. Differences between the levels of dissimilative enzymes in cell-free extracts could not be detected. Attempts to produce extracts with methane mono-oxygenase activity failed. When cells were made permeable with chitosan the results suggested that strains with a low ethane oxidizing capacity obtain the required reductant for the moo-oxygenase from endogenous respiration. In strains with a high ethane oxidation rate, the reductant appears to be derived from oxidation of ethanol or acetaldehyde.
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31
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Collatz KG, Hoeger U. Age-related changes in the body composition of mated and unmated blowflies Phormia terrae novae. Exp Gerontol 1980; 15:433-41. [PMID: 7428863 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(80)90051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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33
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Differentiation of the sarcoplasmic proteins of white, yellowish and cardiac muscles of an antarctic hemoglobin-free fish, Champsocephalus gunnari. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(80)90003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Kahn A, Brachet E. The permeability coefficient of albumin of the isolated rat mesentery. Modification by some mediators of inflammation, cyclic AMP and calcium. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1979; 588:219-31. [PMID: 228757 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(79)90205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the mechanisms whereby mediators of inflammation exert their exudative effects, we used isolated rat mesentery placed as a separation membrane between the two compartments of a diffusion cell. In this experimental arrangement, the permeability coefficient of albumin (PA) can be easily computed from the equilibration rate of 125I-labelled albumin added to one compartment. Histamine, bradykinin, serotonin and prostaglandins A1, A2, E1, E2, F1 alpha and F2 alpha all increased PA to some extent, the maximal values being approx. +60%. Dibutyryl-cyclic AMP, theophylline and isoproterenol also increased PA, thus suggesting involvement of cyclic AMP. Direct measurements of this nucleotide confirmed this hypothesis; furthermore, a linear relation between cyclic AMP levels and PA could be demonstrated. In contrast, cyclic GMP is probably not involved in the control of PA. Calcium-depleted tissues had a low PA (approx. 40% below controls), and did not respond to exogenous prostaglandin E1. These results suggest that transmesenteric passage of albumin is at least partly controlled by cyclic AMP and intracellular Ca2+ levels.
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35
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Schook LB, Berk RS. Partial purification and characterization of thiosulfate oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 1979; 140:306-8. [PMID: 40955 PMCID: PMC216812 DOI: 10.1128/jb.140.1.306-308.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble thiosulfate oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was purified 85-fold and coverted thiosulfate to tetrathionate by using either ferricyanide or cytochrome c as an electron acceptor.
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36
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Cowman RA, Schaefer SJ, Fitzgerald RJ, Rosner D, Shklair IL, Walter RG. Differential utilization of proteins in saliva from caries-active and caries-free subjects as growth substrates by plaque-forming streptococci. J Dent Res 1979; 58:2019-27. [PMID: 291630 DOI: 10.1177/00220345790580101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed or parotid saliva from caries-active individuals consistently supported better growth of Streptococcus mutans (type c) than that from caries-free individuals. Electrophoretic studies revealed that certain proteins in caries-active salivas were susceptible to microbial attack, but similar proteins in caries-free salivas were refractory.
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37
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Fall RR, Brown JL, Schaeffer TL. Enzyme recruitment allows the biodegradation of recalcitrant branched hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas citronellolis. Appl Environ Microbiol 1979; 38:715-22. [PMID: 539823 PMCID: PMC243565 DOI: 10.1128/aem.38.4.715-722.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were carried out to construct pseudomonad strains capable of the biodegradation of certain recalcitrant branched hydrocarbons via a combination of alkane and citronellol degradative pathways. To promote the metabolism of the recalcitrant hydrocarbon 2,6-dimethyl-2-octene we transferred the OCT plasmid to Pseudomonas citronellolis, a pseudomonad containing the citronellol pathway. This extended the n-alkane substrate range of the organism, but did not permit utilization of the branched hydrocarbon even in the presence of a gratuitous inducer of the OCT plasmid. In a separate approach n-decane-utilizing (Dec+) mutants of P. citronellolis were selected and found to be constitutive for the expression of medium- to long-chain alkane oxidation. The Dec+ mutants were capable of degradation of 2,6-dimethyl-2-octene via the citronellol pathway as shown by (i) conversion of the hydrocarbon to citronellol, determined by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, (ii) induction of geranyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, a key enzyme of the citronellol pathway, and (iii) demonstration of beta-decarboxymethylation of the hydrocarbon by whole cells. The Dec+ mutants had also acquired the capacity to metabolize other recalcitrant branched hydrocarbons such as 3,6-dimethyloctane and 2,6-dimethyldecane. These studies demonstrate how enzyme recruitment can provide a pathway for the biodegradation of otherwise recalcitrant branched hydrocarbons.
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38
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Johnson MA, Carlson JA. Indoleacetic Acid Oxidase and Related Enzymes in Cultured and Seedling Douglas Fir. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(17)30564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Hamoir G, Gerardin-Otthiers N. The sarcoplasmic proteins of white muscle of an antarctic hemoglobin-free fish, Champsocephalus gunnari. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 64:17-23. [PMID: 318293 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(79)90178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1. The protein composition of the sarcoplasm of Champsocephalus gunnari white muscle has been examined by ultracentrifugation and starch-gel electrophoresis. 2. The extracts have been fractionated by several methods in order to compare them more closely to similar extracts of other fish species and to isolate creatine kinase and the parvalbumins IV and V. 3. The creatine kinase does not appear to differ from other fish creatine kinases. Both parvalbumins are also very similar to other parvalbumins except that they are more easily oxidized than all the parvalbumins described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hamoir
- Laboratoire de Biochimie musculaire, Université de Liège, Belgium
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40
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Mäntsälä P. Purification of pantoate and dimethylmalate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens UK-1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 526:25-33. [PMID: 99175 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(78)90286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pantoate dehydrogenase and dimethylmalate dehydrogenase were purified 69- and 112-fold, respectively, from Pseudomonas fluorescens UK-1 by ammonimu sulphate precipitation. Ultrogel AcA 34 gel filtration, hydroxyapatite column chromatography, heat treatment and Ultrogel AcA 44 gel filtration. The enzymes were evaluated for homogeneity (pantoate dehydrogenase was estimated to be about 95% pure) by disc and sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis and by immunodiffusion. Pantoate and dimethylmalate dehydrogenases have molecular weights of 83 000 and 138 000, respectively, and are dissociable into four identical subunits with molecular weights of 24 000 and 34 000.
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41
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Chew CS, Hersey SJ. Dissociation between oxyntic cell cAMP formation and HCl secretion in bullfrog gastric mucosa. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 1978; 235:E140-9. [PMID: 210674 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1978.235.2.e140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Abstract
Continuous processing has been applied to human plasma fractionation by the cold ethanol process. On-line pH control of +/- 0.05 pH units, flow control of +/- 1%, and temperature control of +/- 0.5 degree C have been achieved. Optimization of precipitation pHs has been carried out for purifying plasma protein fractions and albumin. During precipitation, the irreversible nature of the pH overshoots has been demonstrated. Compared to the batch processing mode, the continuous scheme produces an increased yield between 6 to 11%.
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43
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Kalthoff K, Urban K, Jackle H. Photoreactivation of RNA in UV-irradiated insect eggs (Smittia sp., Chironomidae, Diptera) II. Evidence for heterogeneous light-dependent repair activities. Photochem Photobiol 1978; 27:317-22. [PMID: 569866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1978.tb07606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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44
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Schook LB, Berk RS. Nutritional studies with Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown on inorganic sulfur sources. J Bacteriol 1978; 133:1378-82. [PMID: 417066 PMCID: PMC222175 DOI: 10.1128/jb.133.3.1378-1382.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was grown on a succinate-basal salts medium supplemented with various inorganic sulfur compounds as its sole source of sulfur. The organism was able to grow on the sodium salts of sulfide, thiosulfate, tetrathionate, dithionite, metabisulfite, sulfite, or sulfate, but not on those of dithionate. Analyses of the culture media after 24 h of growth indicated accumulation of sulfate from each inorganic sulfur source except sulfate. Manometric studies with resting cells obtained by growth on each of these sulfur sources yielded net oxygen uptake for all substrates except sulfite and dithionate. Similar results were obtained with extracts from these cells by spectrophotometric techniques. Thiosulfate oxidase activity appeared to be induced by growth on sulfide, thiosulfate, or tetrathionate, with little or no activity observed when cells were grown on inorganic sulfur sources of higher oxidative states. Metabisulfite oxidase appeared to be associated with growth on all inorganic sulfur compounds. Rhodanese activity appeared to be constitutively present, and its activity, observed only in soluble fraction, seemed independent of the growth medium employed. Thiosulfate and tetrathionate oxidase activities were studied in greater detail than some of the other sulfur oxidases, and both were found to be distributed between particulate and soluble fractions.
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45
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Werber MM, Mevarech M. Induction of a dissimilatory reduction pathway of nitrate in Halobacterium of the Dead Sea. A possible role for the 2 Fe-ferredoxin isolated from this organism. Arch Biochem Biophys 1978; 186:60-5. [PMID: 629538 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(78)90463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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Digestive enzymes of a spider (Tegenaria at rica Koch)—I. General remarks, digestion of proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(78)90001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Depew R, Liu L, Wang J. Interaction between DNA and Escherichia coli protein omega. Formation of a complex between single-stranded DNA and omega protein. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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48
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Comparison of digestive ?-amylases from two species of spiders (Tegenaria atrica andCupiennius salei). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00738421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Abstract
A radiometric assay was developed for fucokinase (ATP:6-deoxy-L-galactose 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.52) based on the conversion of L-[14C]fucose to L-[14C]fucose 1-phosphate which is trapped and counted on ion exchange paper. This assay was used to detect the presence of a fucokinase in canine thyroid tissue which was subsequently purified 2754-fold over the crude tissue extracts. The product of the fucokinase was identified as the beta-anomer. The pH versus activity curve for the enzyme appears biphasic with optima at pH 6.5 and pH 8.25. The enzyme was shown to be highly specific for L-fucose with a Km of 2.6 - 10(-5) M at pH 8.25. It was shown to be absolutely specific for ATP as a phosphate donor with a Km of 6.3 - 10(-4) M at pH 8.25. The enzyme requires a divalent cation. Mg2+ is slightly more effective than Mn2+ in meeting this need. The molecular weight of the enzyme has been determined to be 494 000 +/- 12 400.
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50
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Abstract
Reduced versus oxidized difference spectra of whole cells and pyridine hemochromogens of heme-requiring isolates of Bacteroides ruminicola are altered when deuteroporphyrin or mesoporphyrin replaces protoheme as a growth factor. During growth in the presence of either deuteroporphyrin or mesoporphyrin, whole cells exhibit peaks at 545 t547, 515 to 518, and 412 to 413 nm. Pyridine hemochromogen spectra confirm the presence of meso -or deuteroheme in cells grown in the presence of meso- or deuteroporphyrin. No evidence was found for the conversion of either meso- or deuteroporphyrin to protoheme. Cells grown in the presence of the manganese of magnesium chelates of protoheme form iron-containing hemes. Neither spontaneous decomposition of noniron metalloporphyrin chelates nor spontaneous formation of hemes from Fe2+ and metal-free porphyrins was detected. Protoheme-synthesizing isolates of B. ruminicola fail to use preformed metal-free porphyrins, but form both protoheme- and deuteroheme-containing cytochromes when grown in the presence of manganese deuteroheme. Versatility in tetrapyrrole utilization by B. ruminicola appears to reflect the ability of the organism to mediate the removal of nonferrous ions and to insert Fe2+ into the tetrapyrrole nucleus. The orgamism also forms functional b-type cytochromes with prosthetic groups other than protoheme.
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