1
|
Schäfer O, Huesmann D, Barz M. Poly(S-ethylsulfonyl-l-cysteines) for Chemoselective Disulfide Formation. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Schäfer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - David Huesmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Circular trimers of gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 constitute a distinct population of functional enzyme molecules differentially regulated by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. Biochem J 2015; 465:259-70. [PMID: 25360794 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) (EC 3.4.24.35) cleaves many substrates and is produced by most cell types as a zymogen, proMMP-9, in complex with the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). Natural proMMP-9 occurs as monomers, homomultimers and heterocomplexes, but our knowledge about the overall structure of proMMP-9 monomers and multimers is limited. We investigated biochemical, biophysical and functional characteristics of zymogen and activated forms of MMP-9 monomers and multimers. In contrast with a conventional notion of a dimeric nature of MMP-9 homomultimers, we demonstrate that these are reduction-sensitive trimers. Based on the information from electrophoresis, AFM and TEM, we generated a 3D structure model of the proMMP-9 trimer. Remarkably, the proMMP-9 trimers possessed a 50-fold higher affinity for TIMP-1 than the monomers. In vivo, this finding was reflected in a higher extent of TIMP-1 inhibition of angiogenesis induced by trimers compared with monomers. Our results show that proMMP-9 trimers constitute a novel structural and functional entity that is differentially regulated by TIMP-1.
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Baldwin AD, Kiick KL. Tunable degradation of maleimide-thiol adducts in reducing environments. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1946-53. [PMID: 21863904 DOI: 10.1021/bc200148v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Addition chemistries are widely used in preparing biological conjugates, and in particular, maleimide-thiol adducts have been widely employed. Here, we show that the resulting succinimide thioether formed by the Michael-type addition of thiols to N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), generally accepted as stable, undergoes retro and exchange reactions in the presence of other thiol compounds at physiological pH and temperature, offering a novel strategy for controlled release. Model studies ((1)H NMR, HPLC) of NEM conjugated to 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid (MPA), N-acetylcysteine, or 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MP) incubated with glutathione showed half-lives of conversion from 20 to 80 h, with extents of conversion from 20% to 90% for MPA and N-acetylcysteine conjugates. After ring-opening, the resultant succinimide thioether did not show retro and exchange reactions. The kinetics of the retro reactions and extent of exchange can be modulated by the Michael donor's reactivity; therefore, the degradation of maleimide-thiol adducts could be tuned for controlled release of drugs or degradation of materials at time scales different than those currently possible via disulfide-mediated release. Such approaches may find a new niche for controlled release in reducing environments relevant in chemotherapy and subcellular trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Baldwin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han GC, Peng Y, Hao YQ, Liu YN, Zhou F. Spectrofluorimetric determination of total free thiols based on formation of complexes of Ce(III) with disulfide bonds. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 659:238-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Maier S, Frank M, Rau H, Lewandrowski P, Uhrig R, Keil O, Deppe H, Müller N, Vanier C, Mannsperger H, Zepter S, Junker HD. Synthesis and Quality Control of Thiol Tagged Compound Libraries for Chemical Microarrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200640125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
7
|
Fu N, Wang H, Li M, Zheng G, Zhang H, Liang S. Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Thiols in Biological Samples with a New Fluorescent Probe 3‐Maleimidylbenzanthrone. ANAL LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/al-200051025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
8
|
Xu Y, Yamamoto N, Janda KD. Catalytic antibodies: hapten design strategies and screening methods. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:5247-68. [PMID: 15388154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic antibodies have emerged as powerful tools for the efficient and specific catalysis of a wide range of chemical transformations. Generating antibody catalysts that achieve enzymatic efficiency remains a challenging task, which has long been the source of great interest both in the design of more effective haptens for immunization and in the development of more direct and efficient screening methods for the selection of antibodies with desired catalytic capacities. In this review, we describe the development of different hapten design strategies, including a transition state analog (TSA) approach, 'bait-and-switch' catalysis, and reactive immunization. We also comment on recent developments in the screening process that allow for a more efficient identification of antibody catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shen Z, Wang H, Liang SC, Zhang ZM, Zhang HS. SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF REDUCED GLUTATHIONE IN HUMAN BLOOD USINGN-[ p-(2-BENZOTHIAZOYL)-PHENYL]MALEIMIDE. ANAL LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120016101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
10
|
Liang SC, Wang H, Zhang ZM, Zhang X, Zhang HS. Direct spectrofluorimetric determination of glutathione in biological samples using 5-maleimidyl-2-(m-methylphenyl) benzoxazole. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Sendl A. Allium sativum and Allium ursinum: Part 1 Chemistry, analysis, history, botany. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 1995. [PMID: 23196023 DOI: 10.1016/s0944-7113(11)80011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Sendl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Munich, Karlstra\gBe 29, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Litak PT, Kauffman JM. Syntheses of reactive fluorescent stains derived from 5(2)-aryl-2(5)-(4-pyridyl)oxazoles and bifunctionally reactive linkers. J Heterocycl Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570310236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
13
|
Schilsky ML, Blank RR, Czaja MJ, Zern MA, Scheinberg IH, Stockert RJ, Sternlieb I. Hepatocellular copper toxicity and its attenuation by zinc. J Clin Invest 1989; 84:1562-8. [PMID: 2478589 PMCID: PMC304022 DOI: 10.1172/jci114333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the mechanisms by which excess copper exerts, and zinc mitigates, toxic effects on HepG2 cells. Survival and cell growth were reduced in media containing greater than 500 microM copper chloride for 48 h; LD50 was 750 microM. At 1,000 microM copper for 1 h, there was a general reduction of protein synthesis, and no recognizable changes in cellular ultrastructure. Incubation of cells with 200 microM zinc acetate before exposure to copper, raised the LD50 for confluent cells to 1,250 microM copper chloride, improved protein synthesis, and increased synthesis of a 10-kD protein, apparently metallothionein. The mitigation, by zinc, of copper's toxicity may in part be mediated through induction of this protein in the hepatocyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Schilsky
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maehara M, Kinoshita S, Watanabe K. A simple fluorometric method for the determination of serum free carnitine. Clin Chim Acta 1988; 171:311-6. [PMID: 3370826 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(88)90157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorometric method for the determination of serum free carnitine is described. The addition of carnitine to a system containing carnitine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7) and acetyl-CoA gives rise to the formation of CoA. The system is coupled to N-(p-(2-benzimidazolyl)-phenyl)-maleimide (BIPM). A fluorescent agent, CoA-BIPM, is produced proportionally to concentration of carnitine. By measuring the fluorescence intensity of BIPM, the carnitine content of serum can be determined. The coefficients of variation, within-run and between-run, of the method were 5.2 and 2.6%, respectively. Recovery of carnitine added to serum was 98-113%. Comparison with a colorimetric method showed a good correlation (r greater than 0.90). The method has sufficient sensitivity to measure concentrations as low as 10 mumol/l.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Maehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chapter 4 Design and Choice of Suitable Labelling Reagents for Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
16
|
Alpert AJ, Gilbert HF. Detection of oxidized and reduced glutathione with a recycling postcolumn reaction. Anal Biochem 1985; 144:553-62. [PMID: 3993916 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, and selective method for the quantitation of both oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) glutathione in biological materials is described. Oxidized and reduced glutathione are resolved by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography and detected with an in-line, recycling postcolumn reaction. The recycling reaction specifically amplifies the response to oxidized and reduced glutathione 20-100 times over that obtained with a stoichiometric reaction, permitting the detection of 2 pmol glutathione. Oxidized and reduced glutathione levels were measured in rat liver and in dog heart mitochondria. Special precautions are necessary to avoid artifacts which lead to either underestimation or overestimation of GSSG levels. GSH/GSSG ratios of approximately 100-300 were observed in samples prepared from rapidly frozen rat liver. Somewhat higher GSH/GSSG ratios were observed in isolated dog heart mitochondria.
Collapse
|
17
|
Perrett D, Rudge SR. The determination of thiols and related compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1985; 3:3-27. [PMID: 16867706 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(85)80003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/1984] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Perrett
- Department of Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies againstClostridium perfringens Θ toxin with streptolysin O. Curr Microbiol 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01577135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Ushiki H, Okamoto A, Horie K, Mita I. Fluorescence as a Means for Kinetic Studies. III. Bimolecular Reaction of Fluorescent Reagent as Quenching Probes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1983. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.56.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
20
|
Okamoto A, Uchiyama K, Mita I. Study on the Reaction of Monofunctional Fluorescent Reagents in Organic Solutions by Fluorometry. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1982. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.55.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
21
|
Kågedal B, Källberg M. Reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography of mercaptoacetate and N-acetylcysteine after derivatization with N-(1-pyrene)maleimide and N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl)maleimide. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1982; 229:409-15. [PMID: 7096475 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a high-performance liquid chromatographic system capable of resolving mercaptoacetate and N-acetylcysteine as their N-(1-pyrene)maleimide (PM) and N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl)maleimide (DACM) derivatives. Good resolution was obtained by ion pairing with tetramethylammonium hydroxide and chromatography on reversed phase. The detection limits for the thiols were about 50 fmol as their DACM derivatives and about 400 fmol as their PM derivatives. The method is illustrated by chromatography of urinary thiols which indicates that the derivatization and chromatography procedures should be well applicable in bioanalytical work.
Collapse
|
22
|
Curtis SK, Cowden RR. Demonstration of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups by a fluorescent maleimide procedure. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1980; 68:23-8. [PMID: 7190963 DOI: 10.1007/bf00498497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Several fluorescent maleimide compounds were evaluated as possible substitutes for N-(4-aminophenyl)maleimide in the histochemical procedures developed by Sippel (1973, 1978a, b, 1980) for the demonstration of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups. The brightest and most selective fluorescence was obtained by using N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl)maleimide (DACM), although both eosin-5-maleimide and fluorescein-5-maleimide could also be used if adequate control preparations were made.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Yamamoto K, Takamitsu S, Kanaoka Y. Fluorescent thiol reagents. XII. Fluorescent tracer method for protein SH groups using N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl coumarinyl) maleimide. An application to the proteins separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 1977; 79:83-94. [PMID: 869207 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(77)90381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
25
|
Kanaoka Y. Organische Fluoreszenzreagentien für die Untersuchung von Enzymen und Proteinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19770890305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
26
|
Sekine T, Ohyashiki T, Machida M, Kanaoka Y. Studies on calcium ion-induced conformation changes in the actin-tropomyosin-troponin system by fluorimetry. I. Conformation changes around the fluorescence-labeled sulfhydryl group of actin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 351:205-13. [PMID: 4601317 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(74)90182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
27
|
|
28
|
|