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Chen Y, Li Z, Lin T, Li Z, Chen D, Xu X. Novel 2-aminothiazole analogues both as polymyxin E synergist and antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 279:116879. [PMID: 39341097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance poses a substantial challenge to global health. While polymyxin E serves as a final option in treatment, its effectiveness is hindered by dose-related toxicity. A crucial strategy for addressing this issue involves incorporating an antibiotic adjuvant to enhance the antibiotic's efficacy and decrease the required dosage. Here, we reported a multifunctional antibacterial compound A33, containing a 2-aminothiazole scaffold. In vitro studies demonstrated that A33 in combination with polymyxin E inhibited the growth of various Gram-negative bacteria, meanwhile with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5-4 μg/mL against twenty-three Gram-positive bacteria, including two drug-resistant strains. In vivo studies showed significant efficacy of the combined treatment of A33 and polymyxin E in a mouse infection model. The mice treated with compound A33 (64 mg/kg) and polymyxin E (0.5 mg/kg) in combination had a 100 % survival rate. Mechanistic studies suggested that A33 might exert its synergistic effect by targeting the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The ADMET data demonstrated that A33 possessed good pharmacokinetic profiles and drug-likeness properties. Overall, the optimized compound A33 assisted polymyxin E in combating various Gram-negative bacteria and exhibited bactericidal effects against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, offering a new potential therapeutic approach for managing mixed bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuce Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ting Lin
- Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Daijie Chen
- Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
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2
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Thao NTT, Oiwa M, Hayashi H, Saitoh T. Removal and detoxification of iprodione in water using didodecyldimethylammonium bromide-montmorillonite organoclay and manganese dioxide. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:1421-1428. [PMID: 38727928 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00576-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Combination of organoclay sorption with manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2) catalyzed catechol oxidation was studied for the removal of a dicarboximide fungicide, iprodione, from water. Iprodion in water was sorbed on didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB)-modified montmorillonite (MT) organoclay and converted into the degraded product, 3,5-dichloroaniline (DCA). The degree of sorption increased by the modification with DDAB, because of the formation of a hydrophobic region for the incorporation of iprodione and negligibly interfered by coexisting MnO2. The half-life for the degradation of irodione in water at 25 °C was 7 days, whreas it reduced to 15 min in the organoclay. The activation energy, 65.4 ± 4.8 kJ mol-1, for the first-order reaction in the aqueous solution (pH 7.0) decreased to 43.9 ± 1.8 kJ mol-1 in the organoclay, indicating the catalytic activity of the organoclay that accelerates the hydrolysis reaction of iprodione. In the coexistence of appropriate amounts of MnO2 and catechol, the degraded product, DCA, reacted with oxidized products of catechol to form a water-insoluble precipitate and was successfully eliminated from water. The results obtained in the present study strongly suggest the applicability of the combined method of organoclay sorption method and MnO2-catalyzed oxidation for the diffusion control of toxic agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngo Thi Thu Thao
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-Cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
| | - Mako Oiwa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-Cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Hayashi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Aomi 2-4-10, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tohru Saitoh
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-Cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan.
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3
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Dow XY, Gao Q, Sperduto JL, Wen X, Thai C, Zhang L, McCoy MA. High-Throughput Fluorometric Assay For Quantifying Polysorbate In Biopharmaceutical Products Using Micelle Activated Fluorescence Probe N-Phenyl-1-Naphthylamine. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1455-1473. [PMID: 38955997 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polysorbates are among the most used surfactants in biopharmaceutical products containing proteins. Our work aims to develop a high-throughput fluorometric assay to further diversify the analytical toolbox for quantification of PSs. METHOD The assay leverages the micelle activated fluorescence signal from N-Phenyl-1-Naphthylamine (NPN). The development and optimization of assay parameters were guided by the pre-defined analytical target profile. Furthermore, NMR was used to probe the interaction between protein, PS80 and NPN in the measurement system and understand protein interference. RESULTS All assay parameters including excitation and emission wavelengths, standard curve, NPN concentration, and incubation time have been optimized and adapted to a microplate format, making it compatible with automated solutions that will be pursued in the near future to drive consistency and efficiency in our workflows. The specificity, accuracy, and precision of the assay have been demonstrated through a case study. Furthermore, NMR results provided additional insight into the change of the interaction dynamics between PS80 and NPN as the protein concentration increases. The results indicate minimal interaction between the protein and PS80 at lower concentration. However, when the concentration exceeds 75 mg/mL, there is a significant interaction between the protein and PS-80 micelle and monomer. CONCLUSION A high-throughput fluorometric assay has been developed for quantification of polysorbates in biopharmaceutical samples including in-process samples, drug substance and drug product. The assay reported herein could serve as a powerful analytical tool for polysorbate quantification and control, complementing the widely used liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Y Dow
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.
| | - Qi Gao
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - John L Sperduto
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Xiaona Wen
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Christopher Thai
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Mark A McCoy
- Quantitative Biosciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
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4
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Peláez SS, Mahler HC, Vila PR, Huwyler J, Allmendinger A. Characterization of Freezing Processes in Drug Substance Bottles by Ice Core Sampling. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:102. [PMID: 38714592 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Freezing of biological drug substance (DS) is a critical unit operation that may impact product quality, potentially leading to protein aggregation and sub-visible particle formation. Cryo-concentration has been identified as a critical parameter to impact protein stability during freezing and should therefore be minimized. The macroscopic cryo-concentration, in the following only referred to as cryo-concentration, is majorly influenced by the freezing rate, which is in turn impacted by product independent process parameters such as the DS container, its size and fill level, and the freezing equipment. (At-scale) process characterization studies are crucial to understand and optimize freezing processes. However, evaluating cryo-concentration requires sampling of the frozen bulk, which is typically performed by cutting the ice block into pieces for subsequent analysis. Also, the large amount of product requirement for these studies is a major limitation. In this study, we report the development of a simple methodology for experimental characterization of frozen DS in bottles at relevant scale using a surrogate solution. The novel ice core sampling technique identifies the axial ice core in the center to be indicative for cryo-concentration, which was measured by osmolality, and concentrations of histidine and polysorbate 80 (PS80), whereas osmolality revealed to be a sensitive read-out. Finally, we exemplify the suitability of the method to study cryo-concentration in DS bottles by comparing cryo-concentrations from different freezing protocols (-80°C vs -40°C). Prolonged stress times during freezing correlated to a higher extent of cryo-concentration quantified by osmolality in the axial center of a 2 L DS bottle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Peláez
- ten23 health AG, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-Von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hanns-Christian Mahler
- ten23 health AG, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-Von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Huwyler
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Allmendinger
- ten23 health AG, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Freiburg, Sonnenstr. 5, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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5
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Mondal P, Roy S, Dey J, Dasgupta SB. Impact of Linker Groups on Self-Assembly, Gene Transfection, Antibacterial Activity, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Cationic Bolaamphiphiles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1703-1712. [PMID: 38433388 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Cationic bolaamphiphiles have gained significant attention in various research fields, including materials science, drug delivery, and gene therapy, due to their unique properties and potential applications. The objective of the current research is to develop more effective cationic bolaamphiphiles. Thus, we have designed and synthesized two cationic bolaamphiphiles (-(CH2)12(2,3-dihydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-ureidopropyl)propan-1-aminium chloride))2 (C12(DDUPPAC)2)) and (-(CH2)12(N-(3-(carbamoyloxy)propyl)-2,3-dihydroxy-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride)2 (C12(CPDDPAC)2) containing urea and urethane linkages, respectively. We have investigated their self-assembly properties in water using several techniques, including surface tension, electrical conductivity, fluorescence probe, calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. Their biological applications, e.g., in vitro gene transfection, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity, were studied. Both bolaamphiphiles were observed to produce aggregates larger than spherical micelles above a relatively low critical aggregation concentration (cac). The calorimetric experiments suggested the thermodynamically favorable spontaneous aggregation of both bolaforms in water. The results of interaction studies led to the conclusion that C12(CPDDPAC)2 binds DNA with a greater affinity than C12(DDUPPAC)2. Also, C12(CPDDPAC)2 is found to act as a more efficient gene transfection vector than C12(DDUPPAC)2 in 264.7 cell lines. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay using MTT, however, revealed that neither of the bolaamphiphiles was toxic, even at higher quantities. Additionally, both bolaforms show beneficial antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sadhana Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Joykrishna Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Somdeb Bose Dasgupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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6
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Kodama K, Hattori S, Yasuda K, Saitoh T. Evaluation of solvent property of air-water interface based on the fluorescence spectra of 1,2'-dinaphthylamine in the aqueous solution of ultrafine bubbles. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:341-345. [PMID: 37938520 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Solvent property of air-water interface was evaluated based on the fluorescence spectra of 1,2'-dinaphthylamine in water containing ultrafine bubbles (average diameter: 103 nm, standard deviation: 38 nm). Among naphthylamine derivatives whose fluorescence spectra were responsive to microscopic hydrophobicity, 1,2'-dinaphthylamine (DN) was selected because its wavelength of the maximum emission (λmax) was significantly dependent on the concentration and microenvironment of the ultrafine bubble. The λmax value of DN in water was 486 nm, while it shifted to shorter wavelength (408 nm) in the presence of 1.09 × 109 mL-1 of ultrafine bubbles. The shift of λmax value indicates that DN adsorbs on the surfaces of ultrafine bubbles and exists in hydrophobic region rather than in bulk water. By comparing with the λmax values in different solvents, the surface of ultrafine bubble was found to have similar solvent property to ethyl ether or ethyl acetate that are widely used as extracting solvents for hydrophobic organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-Cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
| | - Shogo Hattori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-Cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
| | - Keiji Yasuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tohru Saitoh
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-Cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan.
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7
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Carle S, Evers DH, Hagelskamp E, Garidel P, Buske J. All-in-one stability indicating polysorbate 20 degradation root-cause analytics via UPLC-QDa. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123955. [PMID: 38128165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Polysorbates (PS) are the most frequently used surfactants to stabilize biologicals. Ironically, these excellent stabilizing non-ionic surfactants have inherent structural properties, which lead to instabilities of their own. Such PS degradation can be triggered by multiple root-causes, like chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis or oxidative degradation. This can on the one hand reduce the concentration of surface-active PS and on the other hand lead to the formation of unfavorable degradants, like poorly soluble free fatty acids (FFA), which may phase separate and form visible FFA particles. Due to the potential criticality of PS degradation in biopharmaceutical formulations, various analytics have been established in recent years not only to monitor the PS content but also to evaluate specific PS markers and crucial degradants. However, in most cases sample preparations and several analytical assays have to be conducted to obtain a comprehensive picture of potential PS degradation root-causes. Here we show a novel approach for PS degradation UPLC-QDa based root-cause analytics, which utilizes previously established analytics for (i) most relevant polysorbate 20 (PS20) esters, (ii) PS20 free fatty acids and (iii) a newly developed method for the evaluation of PS20 specific oxidation markers. Thereby, this triad of analytical methods uses the same sample preparation and detector, which reduces the overall necessary effort, time investment and sample volume. Furthermore, the innovative PS20 oxidation marker method allows to quantify specific concentrations of the determined markers by external calibration and possible perception of oxidative degradation processes prior to relevant losses of PS20 esters, which could serve as an early indication during formulation development. The applicability of this method set was verified using several PS20 containing stress samples, which cover the most relevant root-causes, including acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, enzyme mediated hydrolysis, oxidative AAPH stress and Fe2+/H2O2 mediated degradation as well as autoxidation via long-term storage at elevated temperatures. Overall, this analytical setup has shown to deliver in-depth data about PS20 degradation, which can be used to narrow down the causative stress without the necessity of fundamentally different methods. Therefore, it can be seen as all-in-one solution during sometimes troublesome development of biopharmaceutical formulations, that supports the elucidation of the PS degradation mechanism(s) and thus establish mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Carle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Innovation Unit, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
| | - Dirk-H Evers
- RaDes GmbH, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Patrick Garidel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Innovation Unit, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
| | - Julia Buske
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Innovation Unit, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
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8
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Gregoritza K, Theodorou C, Heitz M, Graf T, Germershaus O, Gregoritza M. Enzymatic degradation pattern of polysorbate 20 impacts interfacial properties of monoclonal antibody formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 194:74-84. [PMID: 38042510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Polysorbate 20 (PS20) is widely used to maintain protein stability in biopharmaceutical formulations. However, PS20 is susceptible to hydrolytic degradation catalyzed by trace amounts of residual host cell proteins present in monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations. The resulting loss of intact surfactant and the presence of PS20 degradation products, such as free fatty acids (FFAs), may impair protein stability. In this study, two hydrolytically-active immobilized lipases, which primarily targeted either monoester or higher-order ester species in PS20, were used to generate partially-degraded PS20. The impact of PS20 degradation pattern on critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension, interfacial rheology parameters and agitation protection was assessed. CMC was slightly increased upon monoester degradation, but significantly increased upon higher-order ester degradation. The PS20 degradation pattern also significantly impacted the dynamic surface tension of a mAb formulation, whereas changes in the equilibrium surface tension were mainly caused by the adsorption of FFAs onto the air-water interface. In an agitation protection study, monoester degradation resulted in the formation of soluble mAb aggregates and proteinaceous particles, suggesting that preferential degradation of PS20 monoester species can significantly impair mAb stability. Additional mAbs should be tested in the future to assess the impact of the protein format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Gregoritza
- Pharmaceutical and Processing Development, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christos Theodorou
- Pharmaceutical and Processing Development, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Heitz
- Pharmaceutical and Processing Development, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Graf
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Germershaus
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Gregoritza
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Weber J, Buske J, Mäder K, Garidel P, Diederichs T. Oxidation of polysorbates - An underestimated degradation pathway? Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100202. [PMID: 37680877 PMCID: PMC10480556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To ensure the stability of biologicals over their entire shelf-life, non-ionic surface-active compounds (surfactants) are added to protect biologics from denaturation and particle formation. In this context, polysorbate 20 and 80 are the most used detergents. Despite their benefits of low toxicity and high biocompatibility, specific factors are influencing the intrinsic stability of polysorbates, leading to degradation, loss in efficacy, or even particle formation. Polysorbate degradation can be categorized into chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis and oxidation. Under pharmaceutical relevant conditions, hydrolysis is commonly originated from host cell proteins, whereas oxidative degradation may be caused by multiple factors such as light, presence of residual metal traces, peroxides, or temperature, which can be introduced upon manufacturing or could be already present in the raw materials. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on polysorbates with a focus on oxidative degradation. Subsequently, degradation products and key characteristics of oxidative-mediated polysorbate degradation in respect of different types and grades are summarized, followed by an extensive comparison between polysorbate 20 and 80. A better understanding of the radical-induced oxidative PS degradation pathway could support specific mitigation strategies. Finally, buffer conditions, various stressors, as well as appropriate mitigation strategies, reagents, and alternative stabilizers are discussed. Prior manufacturing, careful consideration and a meticulous risk-benefit analysis are highly recommended in terms of polysorbate qualities, buffers, storage conditions, as well as mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Weber
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Julia Buske
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, TIP, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, TIP, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Tim Diederichs
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, TIP, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
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10
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Glücklich N, Carle S, Diederichs T, Buske J, Mäder K, Garidel P. How enzymatic hydrolysis of polysorbate 20 influences colloidal protein stability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106597. [PMID: 37770006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Polysorbates (PS) are esters of ethoxylated sorbitol anhydrides of different composition and are widely used surfactants in biologics. PSs are applied to increase protein stability and concomitant shelf-life via shielding against e.g., interfacial stresses. Due to the presence of specific lipolytic host cell protein (HCP) contaminations in the drug substance, PSs can be degraded via enzymatic hydrolysis. Surfactant hydrolysis leads to the formation of degradants, such as free fatty acids that might form fatty acid particles. In addition, PS degradation may reduce surfactant functionality and thus reduce the protection of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Although enzymatic degradation was observed and reported in the last years, less is known about the relationship between certain polysorbate degradation patterns and the increase of mechanical and interfacial stress towards the API. In this study, the impact of specifically hydrolyzed polysorbate 20 (PS20) towards the stabilization of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) during accelerated shaking stress conditions was investigated. The results show that a specific enzymatic degradation pattern of PS20 can influence the colloidal stability of biopharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, the kinetics of the appearance of visual phenomena, opalescence, and particle formation depended on the polysorbate degradation fingerprint as induced via the presence of surrogate enzymes. The current case study shows the importance of focusing on specific polysorbate ester fractions to understand the overall colloidal protein stabilizing effect. The performed study gives first insight into the functional properties of PS and helps to evaluate the impact of PS degradation in the formulation development of biopharmaceuticals in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Glücklich
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Stefan Carle
- Innovation Unit, PDB, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Tim Diederichs
- Innovation Unit, PDB, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Julia Buske
- Innovation Unit, PDB, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Innovation Unit, PDB, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany; Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany.
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11
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Belanger JM, Cirilo JA. Metastable Amorphous Dispersions of Hydrophobic Naphthalene Compounds Can Be Formed in Water without Stabilizing Agents via the "Ouzo Effect". J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8032-8039. [PMID: 37699852 PMCID: PMC10518816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic molecules dissolved in water-miscible organic solvents are used in vitro for biological membrane studies and for testing of potential pharmaceuticals in high-throughput screenings. When these solutions are introduced into an aqueous environment, it is possible that metastable "ouzo-like" dispersions form from liquid-liquid phase separation. It is therefore hypothesized that when solutions of naphthalene compounds in water-miscible solvents are added to water, metastable dispersions will form. Millimolar solutions of naphthalene, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN), 1-aminonaphthalene, 1-iodonaphthalene (INAP), 1,4-dimethoxynaphthalene, and 1-naphthol were prepared in either dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, or acetone at concentrations similar to those used in biological membrane studies. Each solution was diluted 10-fold in water. Particle formation was characterized by qualitative observations, dynamic light-scattering, nephelometry, and optical microscopy. It was discovered that two of the compounds tested made metastable dispersions: INAP and NPN. The initial particle sizes were ∼400 nm (radius), with turbidity ranging from 1,000 to 20,000 NTU, depending on the initial concentrations used. Fluorescence microscopy imaging showed spherical particles that do not aggregate while under observation. Slow-nucleating crystallization occurs over days, presumably from a heterogeneous nucleation process. The formation of these dispersions has implications for in vitro delivery of hydrophobic molecules to biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Belanger
- King’s College, Department of Chemistry and Physics, 133 N. River St., Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18711, United States
| | - Joseph A. Cirilo
- King’s College, Department of Chemistry and Physics, 133 N. River St., Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18711, United States
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12
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Mondal P, Dey J, Roy S, Bose Dasgupta S. Self-Assembly, In Vitro Gene Transfection, and Antimicrobial Activity of Biodegradable Cationic Bolaamphiphiles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37454394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bolaamphiphiles or bolaforms have drawn particular interest in drug and gene delivery, and studies of bolaforms have been growing continuously. Bolaforms, due to their unique structure, exhibit specific self-assembly behavior in water. The present work aims to develop biodegradable cationic bolaforms with a better gene transfection ability. In this work, a novel cationic bolaform (Bola-1) with head groups bearing hydroxyl (OH) functionality was designed and synthesized to investigate self-assembly and gene transfection efficiency. The self-assembly behavior of Bola-1 in water was compared with that of the hydrochloride salt (Bola-2) of its precursor molecule to investigate the effect of the -OH functionality on their solution properties. Several techniques, including surface tension, electrical conductivity, fluorescence probe, calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy, were employed for the physicochemical characterization of Bola-1 and Bola-2. Despite the presence of polar urea groups in the spacer chain, both bolaforms were found to form spherical or elongated micelles above a relatively low critical aggregation concentration (CAC). The presence of the OH group was found to significantly affect the CAC value. The results of calorimetric measurements suggested a thermodynamically favorable aggregate formation in salt-free water. Despite stronger binding efficiency with calf thymus DNA, in vitro gene transfection studies performed using adherent cell Hek 293 suggested that both Bola-1 and Bola-2 have gene transfection efficiency comparable to that of turbofectamine standard. Both bolaforms were found to exhibit significant in vitro cytotoxicity at higher concentrations. Also, the bolaforms showed beneficial antibacterial activity at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Joykrishna Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sadhana Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Somdeb Bose Dasgupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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13
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Bai L, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Lu Y, Li Z, Huang G, Meng B. Investigation of excipients impact on polysorbate 80 degradation in biopharmaceutical formulation buffers. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115496. [PMID: 37285658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A study on the polysorbate 80 stability in various formulation buffers commonly used in biopharmaceuticals was performed, to investigate the excipients influence on polysorbate 80 degradation. Polysorbate 80 is a common excipient in biopharmaceutical products. However, its degradation will potentially impact the drug product quality, and may trigger protein aggregation and particles formation. Due to the heterogeneity of the polysorbates and the mutual effects with other formulation compositions, the study of polysorbate degradation is challenging. Herein, a real-time stability study was designed and performed. The polysorbate 80 degradation trend was monitored by fluorescence micelle-based assay (FMA), reversed-phase-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (RP-UPLC-ELSD) assay, and LC-MS assay. These assays provide orthogonal results to reveal both the micelle-forming capability and the compositional changes of polysorbate 80 in different buffer systems. The degradation occurred after a period of storage under 25 °C in different trend, which indicates the excipients could impact the degradation kinetics. Upon comparison, the degradation is prone to happen in histidine buffer than in acetate, phosphate or citrate buffers. LC-MS confirms oxidation as an independent degradation pathway with detection of the oxidative aldehyde. Thus, it is necessary to pay more attention to the excipients selection and their potential impact on polysorbate 80 stability to achieve longer shelf life for the biopharmaceuticals. Besides, the protective roles of several additives were figured out, which could be applied as potential industrial solutions to the polysorbate 80 degradation issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Bai
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Yanlan Zhang
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Yuchen Lu
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Analytical Sciences, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China.
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Uehara N, Takita M, Sato K, Ito S, Inagawa A. Ionic thermoresponsive fluorescent polymers for detecting countercharged surfactants without phase separation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hussain S, Hung SH, Tsay RY, Lin SY. On the determination of critical micelle concentration of partially dissociated ionic surfactants using contact angle data. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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16
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Lucarelli V, Colbert D, Cumming M, Hamiaux C, Loxley G, Linklater W, Travas-Sejdic J, Kralicek A. Expression, purification and characterisation of the recombinant possum lipocalin vulpeculin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130205. [PMID: 35908580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipocalins are a large family of proteins, which possess a highly conserved eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel structure as distinctive trait. This family includes Major Urinary Proteins (MUPs) from rats and mouse, studied for their role in urinary protein-mediated chemosignalling. Vulpeculin has been identified as the most abundant protein in the urine of the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula. On the basis of high similarity with other MUPS, we hypothesised that vulpeculin might have a role in possum chemosignalling and investigated its stability and binding ability. METHODS We expressed and purified vulpeculin using an E.coli-based system and confirmed correct folding by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Thermal stability was studied by CD and binding properties were investigated using two optical probes N-phenyl-naphthylamine (NPN) and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid (ANS). RESULTS CD revealed a secondary structure typical of a predominantly β-sheet protein, consistent with the beta barrel structure of the lipocalin family. Vulpeculin showed a high level of thermostability, as assessed by CD, exhibiting a small shift in the secondary structure even at 95 °C. Binding assays indicated that vulpeculin cannot accommodate the NPN ligand but can bind ANS. CONCLUSION The urinary secretion, high degree of sequence similarity with other lipocalins, its beta sheet structure assessed by CD and potential to bind hydrophobic ligands in the hydrophobic cavity or an external hydrophobic pocket, suggest vulpeculin may be involved in possum chemosignalling. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work represents a first step towards the further investigation of the newly discovered lipocalin and its role in possum chemosignalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lucarelli
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Damon Colbert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mathew Cumming
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Cyril Hamiaux
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Grace Loxley
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L697ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Linklater
- Department of Environmental Studies, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew Kralicek
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Nyssen P, Maho A, Malempre R, Matagne A, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Hoebeke M. Propofol inhibits the myeloperoxidase activity by acting as substrate through a redox process. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130100. [PMID: 35150774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is frequently used as intravenous anesthetic agent, especially in its injectable form (Diprivan), to initiate and maintain sedative state during surgery or in intensive care units. Numerous studies have reported the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of propofol. The oxidant enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), released from activated neutrophils, plays a key role in host defense. An increase of the circulating MPO concentration has been observed in patients admitted in intensive care unit and presenting a systemic inflammatory response related to septic shock or trauma. METHODS This study investigates the immunomodulatory action of propofol and Diprivan as inhibitor of the oxidant activity of MPO. The understanding of the redox action mechanism of propofol and Diprivan on the myeloperoxidase chlorination and peroxidase activities has been refined using the combination of fluorescence and absorption spectroscopies with docking and cyclic voltammetry. RESULTS Propofol acts as a reversible MPO inhibitor. The molecule interacts as a reducing substrate in the peroxidase cycle and promotes the accumulation of compound II. At acidic pH (5.5), propofol and Diprivan do not inhibit the chlorination activity, but their action increases at physiological pH (7.4). The main inhibitory action of Diprivan could be attributed to its HOCl scavenging property. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Propofol can act as a reversible MPO inhibitor at clinical concentrations. This property could, in addition to other previously proven anti-inflammatory actions, induce an immunomodulatory action, beneficial during clinical use, particularly in the treatment of systemic inflammation response syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nyssen
- Biomedical Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, CESAM, University of Liège, Building B5a, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, 19, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - A Maho
- Greenmat, Department of Chemistry, CESAM, University of Liège, Building B6c, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, 19, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R Malempre
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS, University of Liège, Building B6a, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, 19, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - A Matagne
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS, University of Liège, Building B6a, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, 19, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - A Mouithys-Mickalad
- CORD, Department of Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Building B6a, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, 13, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Hoebeke
- Biomedical Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, CESAM, University of Liège, Building B5a, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, 19, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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18
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Zhang S, Riccardi C, Kamen D, Xiao H, Li N. Monitoring polysorbate hydrolysis in therapeutic proteins using an ultrasensitive extraction-free fatty acid quantitation method. Anal Biochem 2022; 637:114472. [PMID: 34801481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polysorbates (PSs) are surfactants commonly added to therapeutic protein drug product formulations to protect proteins from denaturation and aggregation during storage, transportation, and delivery. However, enzymatic hydrolysis of PSs has been recognized as the primary route of PS degradation in monoclonal antibody formulations, resulting in the release of free fatty acids that drive undesired particulate formation. Here, we present a rapid lipase activity assay with optimized incubation conditions for accurate quantitation of free fatty acids without a fatty acid extraction step. This assay can detect low levels of PS degradation (0.000024% PS20 degradation) within 1 day with minimal sample preparation. The levels of released free fatty acids were found to strongly correlate with the degree of PS20 degradation. The case study described herein suggests that this approach can detect low levels of PS20 degradation caused by sub-ppm lipase levels within 1 day, compared with the duration of 14 days needed for PS degradation assays based on two-dimensional liquid chromatography-charge aerosol detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zhang
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Caterina Riccardi
- Formulation Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Douglas Kamen
- Formulation Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Hui Xiao
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA.
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
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Hipper E, Blech M, Hinderberger D, Garidel P, Kaiser W. Photo-Oxidation of Therapeutic Protein Formulations: From Radical Formation to Analytical Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:72. [PMID: 35056968 PMCID: PMC8779573 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UV and ambient light-induced modifications and related degradation of therapeutic proteins are observed during manufacturing and storage. Therefore, to ensure product quality, protein formulations need to be analyzed with respect to photo-degradation processes and eventually protected from light exposure. This task usually demands the application and combination of various analytical methods. This review addresses analytical aspects of investigating photo-oxidation products and related mediators such as reactive oxygen species generated via UV and ambient light with well-established and novel techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hipper
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (E.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Michaela Blech
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany;
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (E.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Kaiser
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany;
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Fioretto L, Ziaco M, Gallo C, Nuzzo G, d'Ippolito G, Lupetti P, Paccagnini E, Gentile M, DellaGreca M, Appavou MS, Paduano L, De Palma R, Fontana A, Manzo E. Direct evidence of the impact of aqueous self-assembly on biological behavior of amphiphilic molecules: The case study of molecular immunomodulators Sulfavants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 611:129-136. [PMID: 34933191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sulfavant A and Sulfavant R, sulfoquinovoside-glycerol lipids under study as vaccine adjuvants, structurally differ only for the configuration of glyceridic carbon, R/S and R respectively. The in vitro activity of these substances follows a bell-shaped dose-response curve, but Sulfavant A gave the best response around 20 µM, while Sulfavant R at 10 nM. Characterization of aqueous self-assembly of these molecules by a multi-technique approach clarified the divergent and controversial biological outcome. Supramolecular structures were present at concentrations much lower than critical aggregation concentration for both products. The kind and size of these aggregates varied as a function of the concentration differently for Sulfavant A and Sulfavant R. At nanomolar range, Sulfavant A formed cohesive vesicles, while Sulfavant R arranged in spherical micellar particles whose reduced stability was probably responsible for an increase of monomer concentration in accordance with immunomodulatory profile. Instead, at micromolar concentrations transition from micellar to vesicular state of Sulfavant R occurred and thermodynamic stability of the aggregates, assessed by surface tensiometry, correlated with the bioactivity of Sulfavant A at 20 µM and the complete loss of efficacy of Sulfavant R. The study of Sulfavants provides clear evidence of how self-aggregation, often neglected, and the equilibria between monomers and aqueous supramolecular forms of lipophilic molecules deeply determine the overall bio-response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fioretto
- Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- BioSearch Srl., Villa Comunale c/o Stazione Zoologica "A. Dohrn" 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pietro Lupetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, San Miniato, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Paccagnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, San Miniato, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Gentile
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, San Miniato, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Marina DellaGreca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80136 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Forschungszentrum, Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80136 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; Medicina Interna, Immunologia Clinica e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Genova and IRCCS-Ospedale S. Martino, 16131 Genova, Italy.
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Biology, Via Cinthia - Bld. 7, 80126 -Napoli, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
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Nguyen TL, Mukai M, Ihara D, Takahara A, Yusa SI. Association Behavior of a Homopolymer Containing Choline Phosphonate Groups in Aqueous Solutions. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Lien Nguyen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671–2280, Japan
| | - Masaru Mukai
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819–0395, Japan
| | - Daiki Ihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819–0395, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819–0395, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819–0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819–0395, Japan
- Research Center for Negative Emissions Technologies, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671–2280, Japan
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Glücklich N, Carle S, Buske J, Mäder K, Garidel P. Assessing the polysorbate degradation fingerprints and kinetics of lipases - how the activity of polysorbate degrading hydrolases is influenced by the assay and assay conditions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 166:105980. [PMID: 34419573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two of the most widely used surfactants to stabilize biologicals against e.g. interfacial stresses are polysorbate 20 (PS20) and polysorbate 80 (PS80). In recent years, numerous cases of hydrolytic polysorbate (PS) degradation in liquid formulations of biopharmaceuticals have been observed. Concomitant with the degradation of PSs, formulated proteins become inherently instable and more susceptible to aggregation. Furthermore, poorly soluble fatty acids (FA) are released from the PSs, which might lead to FA precipitation and the formation of visible and subvisible particles. Therefore, possible particle inducing factors have to be monitored closely. The major root cause of hydrolytic PS degradation in biologicals is the presence of enzymatic active host cell proteins (HCP), like lipases and esterases, which are co-purified with the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Such contaminants can be detected via their hydrolytic activity, either using ester-based substrates or PS itself. However, each approach has its up- and downsides, which makes the comparison of the results from other publications difficult. It was therefore the aim of the present study to investigate the impact of lipase specificities on the assay readouts. This study evaluates three different surrogate (model) lipases with distinctively different degradation kinetics and substrate specificities using specific analytical methods. The analytical panel contains on one hand two lipase activity assays with ester-based substrates, either detecting the release of para-nitrophenol or 4-methylumbelliferone, and on the other hand two PS-based monitoring analyses (fluorescence micelle assay and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography - charged aerosol detection), which detect hydrolytic "activity" directly in the target substrate. Thereby, strengths and weaknesses of each assay are discussed, and recommendations are made for the respective use cases. Our results show that the determined lipase activities vary not only from assay to assay, but also significantly for the lipase tested, thus showing a different degradation fingerprint in the RP-HPLC-CAD chromatogram. This demonstrates that a comprehensive monitoring approach is essential to assess potential HCP contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Glücklich
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Carle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Julia Buske
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Doshi N, Ritchie K, Shobha T, Giddings J, Gregoritza K, Taing R, Rumbelow S, Chu J, Tomlinson A, Kannan A, Saggu M, Cai SK, Nicoulin V, Liu W, Russell S, Luis L, Yadav S. Evaluating a Modified High Purity Polysorbate 20 Designed to Reduce the Risk of Free Fatty Acid Particle Formation. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1563-1583. [PMID: 34495486 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a modified high purity polysorbate 20 (RO HP PS20)-with lower levels of stearate, palmitate and myristate esters than the non-modified HP PS20-as a surfactant in biopharmaceutical drug products (DP). RO HP PS20 was designed to provide functional equivalence as a surfactant while delaying the onset of free fatty acid (FFA) particle formation upon hydrolytic degradation relative to HP PS20. METHODS Analytical characterization of RO HP PS20 raw material included fatty acid ester (FAE) distribution, higher order ester (HOE) fraction, FFA levels and trace metals. Functional assessments included 1) vial and intravenous bag agitation; 2) oxidation via a placebo and methionine surrogate study; and 3) hydrolytic PS20 degradation studies to evaluate FFA particle formation with and without metal nucleation. RESULTS Interfacial protection and oxidation propensity were comparable between the two polysorbates. Upon hydrolytic degradation, FFA particle onset was delayed in RO HP PS20. The delay was more pronounced when HOEs of PS20 were preferentially degraded. Furthermore, the hydrolytic degradants of RO HP PS20 formed fewer particles in the presence of spiked aluminum. CONCLUSION This work highlights the criticality of having tighter control on long chain FAE levels of PS20 to reduce the occurrence of FFA particle formation upon hydrolytic degradation and lower the variability in its onset. By simultaneously meeting compendial PS20 specifications while narrowing the allowable range for each FAE and shifting its composition towards the shorter carbon chain species, RO HP PS20 provides a promising alternative to HP PS20 for biopharmaceutical DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Doshi
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
| | - Kyle Ritchie
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Tamanna Shobha
- Pharmaceutical Technical Innovation, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Jamie Giddings
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Kathrin Gregoritza
- Pharma Technical Development Biologics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4054, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rosalynn Taing
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Stephen Rumbelow
- Croda Inc, 777 Scudders Mill Road, Bldg. 2, Plainsboro, NJ, 08536, USA
| | - Jeff Chu
- Analytical Operations, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Anthony Tomlinson
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Aadithya Kannan
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Miguel Saggu
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Si Kai Cai
- Pharma Technical Development Biologics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4054, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victor Nicoulin
- Pharma Technical Development Biologics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4054, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Steve Russell
- Analytical Operations, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Lin Luis
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Pharmaceutical Technical Innovation, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
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Hydrolytic polysorbate 20 degradation - Sensitive detection of free fatty acids in biopharmaceuticals via UPLC-QDa analytics with isolator column. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1174:122717. [PMID: 33975273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of polysorbates, e.g. induced by specific host cell proteins in biologics, is a known risk factor regarding the potential particle formation in the product over time. One of the root causes for this observation is an increase in free fatty acids (FA) within the formulation, which indicates the need for convenient monitoring of FA release. This study presents a novel UPLC-QDa based method to evaluate the content of the FAs esterified to polysorbate 20 (PS20) after hydrolysis. The presented method is label-free, i.e. independent of elaborate fluorophore-labeling and able to directly measure the ionized FAs. Furthermore, the method allows the determination of released FAs as percentage of ester bond hydrolysis and as absolute concentration expressed in ng/mL. Additionally, we describe for the first time in FA analytics the application of an isolator column, to remove trace levels of FAs present in the eluents to improve the sensitivity of the method. Lastly, the capabilities of the newly developed method are proven in case studies with three different monoclonal antibodies, which display characteristic FA release patterns in PS20-containing formulations. In summary, we developed a reliable, sensitive method for FA quantification in biologics, which could also be used as a predictive tool, considering FA solubility, regarding the formation of particles.
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25
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Water-soluble polymer micelles formed from amphiphilic diblock copolymers bearing pendant phosphorylcholine and methoxyethyl groups. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Mulder I, Schmittdiel M, Frei H, Hofmann L, Gerbig D, Siemens J. Soil water solutes reduce the critical micelle concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45311-45323. [PMID: 32789630 PMCID: PMC7686171 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quaternary alkyl ammonium compounds (QAACs) are produced in large quantities for use as surfactants and disinfectants and also found in soils, sediments, and surface waters, where they are potentially involved in the selection of antibiotic resistance genes. Micelle formation influences fate and effects of QAACs. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of six homologs of benzylalkylammonium chlorides (BAC) was determined in deionized water, 0.01 M CaCl2 solution, and aqueous soil extracts, using both spectrofluorometric and tensiometric methods. Additionally, eight organic model compounds were employed at concentrations of 15 mg C L-1 as background solutes in order to test the effect of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on CMCs. Results found CMCs decreased with an increasing length of the alkyl chain from 188 mM for BAC-C8 to 0.1 mM for BAC-C18. Both methods yielded similar results for measurements in water and CaCl2 solution; however, the spectrofluorescence method did not work for soil extracts due to fluorescence quenching phenomena. In soil extracts, CMCs of BAC-C12 were reduced below 3.7 mM, while the CMC reduction in soil extracts was less pronounced for BAC-C16. Besides ionic strength, molecular structures of BACs and dissolved organic compounds also affected the CMC. The number of carboxyl groups and small molecular weights of the DOC model compounds reduced the CMCs of BAC-C12 and BAC-C16 at pH 6. This study highlights that CMCs can be surpassed in soil solution, pore waters of sediments, or other natural waters even at (small) concentrations of QAACs typically found in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Mulder
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, iFZ Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Malte Schmittdiel
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, iFZ Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Henning Frei
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, iFZ Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laura Hofmann
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, iFZ Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dennis Gerbig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan Siemens
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, iFZ Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Messal HA, Almagro J, Zaw Thin M, Tedeschi A, Ciccarelli A, Blackie L, Anderson KI, Miguel-Aliaga I, van Rheenen J, Behrens A. Antigen retrieval and clearing for whole-organ immunofluorescence by FLASH. Nat Protoc 2020; 16:239-262. [PMID: 33247285 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in light-sheet and confocal microscopy now allow imaging of cleared large biological tissue samples and enable the 3D appreciation of cell and protein localization in their native organ environment. However, the sample preparations for such imaging are often onerous, and their capability for antigen detection is limited. Here, we describe FLASH (fast light-microscopic analysis of antibody-stained whole organs), a simple, rapid, fully customizable technique for molecular phenotyping of intact tissue volumes. FLASH utilizes non-degradative epitope recovery and membrane solubilization to enable the detection of a multitude of membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear antigens in whole mouse organs and embryos, human biopsies, organoids and Drosophila. Retrieval and immunolabeling of epithelial markers, an obstacle for previous clearing techniques, can be achieved with FLASH. Upon volumetric imaging, FLASH-processed samples preserve their architecture and integrity and can be paraffin-embedded for subsequent histopathological analysis. The technique can be performed by scientists trained in light microscopy and yields results in <1 week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik A Messal
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Antonio Tedeschi
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Laura Blackie
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kurt I Anderson
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. .,Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Convergence Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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Evers DH, Schultz-Fademrecht T, Garidel P, Buske J. Development and validation of a selective marker-based quantification of polysorbate 20 in biopharmaceutical formulations using UPLC QDa detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1157:122287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Doshi N, Martin J, Tomlinson A. Improving Prediction of Free Fatty Acid Particle Formation in Biopharmaceutical Drug Products: Incorporating Ester Distribution during Polysorbate 20 Degradation. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4354-4363. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Doshi
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joelle Martin
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Anthony Tomlinson
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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30
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Liang W, Xie F, Yang Z, Zeng Z, Xia C, Li Y, Zhu Z, Chen X. Mono/Dual Amination of Phenols with Amines in Water. Org Lett 2020; 22:8291-8295. [PMID: 32915584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe a practical direct amination of phenols through a palladium-catalyzed hydrogen-transfer-mediated activation method to synthesize the secondary and tertiary amines. In this conversion, environmentally friendly water and inexpensive ammonium formate were used as solvent and reductant, respectively. A range of amines, including aliphatic amines, aniline, secondary amines, and diamines, could be coupled effectively by this method to achieve mono/dual amination and cyclization of phenols. This study not only provides a green and mild strategy for the synthesis of secondary and tertiary naphthylamines but also expands the synthesis of chloroquine in organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Liang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Feng Xie
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhihai Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Chuanjiang Xia
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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31
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Jahn M, Zerr A, Fedorowicz FM, Brigger F, Koulov A, Mahler HC. Measuring Lipolytic Activity to Support Process Improvements to Manage Lipase-Mediated Polysorbate Degradation. Pharm Res 2020; 37:118. [PMID: 32495187 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polysorbates are critical stabilizers in biopharmaceutical protein formulations. However, they may degrade in drug substance (DS) or drug product (DP) during storage. Degradation catalyzed by lipases present in host cell proteins (HCPs) is one suspected root cause. The purpose of this study was to develop an assay to detect lipolytic activity in biopharmaceutical DS and DP formulations. METHODS The assay is based on the hydrolysis of the lipase substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate to yield the fluorescent product 4-methylumbelliferone. RESULTS First, the assay components and their concentrations (buffer salts and pH, solvent and inhibitor Orlistat) were established and optimized using a model lipase (Porcine pancreatic lipase) and cell culture harvest fluid that exhibited lipolytic activity. The assay was then successfully applied and thereby qualified in protein formulations and at lipase concentrations possibly encountered in actual biopharmaceutical DS and DP formulations. CONCLUSION The lipase assay can be used to detect lipolytic activity in intermediate and final DS, for example during process optimization in downstream purification, to better and specifically reduce the level, or deplete, lipases from HCPs. The assay is also suitable to be applied during root cause investigations related to polysorbate degradation in biopharmaceutical DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jahn
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, 60 A, CH-4057, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Zerr
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, 60 A, CH-4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Finn Brigger
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, 60 A, CH-4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Atanas Koulov
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, 60 A, CH-4057, Basel, Switzerland
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Schmidt A, Koulov A, Huwyler J, Mahler HC, Jahn M. Stabilizing Polysorbate 20 and 80 Against Oxidative Degradation. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1924-1932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tomlinson A, Zarraga IE, Demeule B. Characterization of Polysorbate Ester Fractions and Implications in Protein Drug Product Stability. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2345-2353. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tomlinson
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Isidro E. Zarraga
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Barthélemy Demeule
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
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34
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Kaneo Y. [Nanoparticle Formation and Delivery of Poorly Water-soluble Drugs by Hydrophobized Polymers]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:555-567. [PMID: 32238638 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When a hydrophobic group is introduced into a water-soluble polymer, self-assembly with the hydrophobic group as nucleus occurs in water. In the 1990s, many researchers focused on this phenomenon and various self-aggregates were prepared. Among them, a block copolymer consisting of a hydrophilic chain and a hydrophobic chain is associated in water, producing polymer micelles with the hydrophilic chain oriented in the outer shell and the hydrophobic chain as core. Meanwhile, many studies were conducted to create polymer self-associates by introducing hydrophobic groups into water-soluble polymers. In this review, the author describes hydrophobized polymers with polysaccharides and synthetic polymers that are frequently used as pharmaceutical raw materials. In addition are outlined the usefulness of hydrophobized polymers as carriers with the function of encapsulating and solubilizing poorly water-soluble drugs, along with the results of our research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Kaneo
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
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35
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Bechnak L, Patra D. Salt and bile salt accelerate self-assembly behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) probed by curcumin fluorescence. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Tarif E, Mukherjee K, Kumbhakar K, Barman A, Biswas R. Dynamics at the non-ionic micelle/water interface: Impact of linkage substitution. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:154902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5121334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ejaj Tarif
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences (CBMS), S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Kallol Mukherjee
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences (CBMS), S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Kajal Kumbhakar
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences (CBMS), S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Anjan Barman
- Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences (CMPMS), S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Ranjit Biswas
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences (CBMS), S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
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Novel High-Throughput Assay for Polysorbate Quantification in Biopharmaceutical Products by Using the Fluorescent Dye DiI. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:646-655. [PMID: 31606542 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polysorbates (PSs) are the most common surfactants in therapeutic protein formulations, and it is crucial to monitor their concentration along the life cycle of biopharmaceuticals. We developed a simple multi-well plate fluorescence-based assay for the rapid determination of PS20 and PS80 content in biopharmaceutical products. The method is based on the detection of the fluorescence emission intensity of the fluorescent dye 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate in the presence of PSs at concentrations below their critical micelle concentration. This method can be applied for PS content determination in protein formulations (≤100 mg/mL) without the need of a previous protein removal step. The 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate assay implemented in multi-well plate format is suitable for high-throughput concentration screening. It has a linear range from 0.00020% to 0.0025% (w/v) PS20, and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.00020% and 0.00055% (w/v), respectively. This assay is markedly more selective and shows no or lower interferences due to hydrophobic components (e.g., silicone oil) potentially present in finished products than the fluorescence micelle assay based on N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine. It also provides comparable results for the PS content in liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection analysis with protein removal, providing a fast alternative.
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Salem JK, El-Nahhal IM, Salama SF. Determination of the critical micelle concentration by absorbance and fluorescence techniques using fluorescein probe. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Chatterjee S, Das A, Raghuraman H. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of a prokaryotic Mg 2+ ion channel: Implications for cost-effective purification of membrane proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 161:8-16. [PMID: 31028884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although magnesium is the second most abundant cation present in the cell, the transport mechanism of Mg2+ across membranes is poorly understood. Importantly, the prokaryotic MgtE Mg2+ channel is related to mammalian SLC41A1 transporters and, therefore, biochemical and biophysical characterization of MgtE and its orthologs assumes significance. To date, the purification and structure determination of MgtE from Thermus thermophilus has been carried out using the widely used nonionic detergent, n-dodecyl-β-d-maltopyranoside (DDM). However, DDM is an expensive detergent and alternative methods to produce high-quality proteins in stable and functional form will be practically advantageous to carry out structural studies in a cost-effective manner. In this work, we have utilized 'dual-detergent strategy' to successfully purify MgtE channel in a stable and functional form by employing relatively inexpensive detergents (Triton X-100 and Anzergent 3-14) for membrane solubilization and subsequently changed to DDM during purification. Our results show that Triton X-100 and Anzergent 3-14 extract MgtE well and the quality of purified protein is comparable to DDM-extracted MgtE. Interestingly, addition of high concentration of salt and glycerol during solubilization does not significantly affect the quantity and quality of MgtE. Importantly, limited proteolysis assay, circular dichroism spectroscopy and ensemble tryptophan fluorescence strongly support the use of Triton X-100, in particular, as an inexpensive, alternative detergent for the purification of MgtE without compromising the structural integrity of the channel and Mg2+-induced gating-related conformational dynamics. Overall, these results are relevant for the cost-effective purification of stable and functional membrane proteins in general, and magnesium channels, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaki Chatterjee
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - Anindita Das
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - H Raghuraman
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India.
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Monitoring polysorbate hydrolysis in biopharmaceuticals using a QC-ready free fatty acid quantification method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1116:1-8. [PMID: 30951966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysis of the non-ionic surfactant polysorbate upon long-term storage poses significant challenges to development of biopharmaceutical liquid formulations. Low concentrations of intact surfactant may compromise its protective properties and thus affect protein stability. In addition, accumulation of polysorbate hydrolysis products is increasingly put into context with the formation of visible and subvisible particulates based on the low solubility of the main degradation products. Despite of this potential negative impact on product quality, quantification of the released free fatty acids is performed commonly in an indirect and consequently insensitive manner by determining the remaining PS content or by cumbersome methods, which are unsuitable for routine testing in quality control laboratories. For this purpose, this study describes the development and qualification of a label-free, reliable liquid-chromatography single quad mass detector (LC-QDa)-based method capable of resolving slight changes in the free fatty acid profile which can be readily integrated into quality control facilities. The practical utility of the herein described method is outlined by a case study on the real-time storage stability of a formulated monoclonal antibody.
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Yari H, Nkepang G, Awasthi V. Surface Modification of Liposomes by a Lipopolymer Targeting Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen for Theranostic Delivery in Prostate Cancer. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050756. [PMID: 30841602 PMCID: PMC6427334 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a marker for diagnosis and targeted delivery of therapeutics to advanced/metastasized prostate cancer. We report a liposome-based system for theranostic delivery to PSMA-expressing (PSMA+) LNCaP cells. A lipopolymer (P3) comprising of PSMA ligand (PSMAL), polyethylene glycol (PEG2000), and palmitate was synthesized and post-inserted into the surface of preformed liposomes. These P3-liposomes were loaded with doxorubicin and radiolabeled with 99mTc radionuclide to study their theranostic characteristics. Differential expression of PSMA on LNCaP and PC3 cells was confirmed by immunoblotting as well as by uptake of PSMAL labeled with 18F radionuclide. We found that the uptake of 99mTc-labeled P3-liposomes by LNCaP cells was >3-fold higher than 99mTc-labeled Plain-liposomes; the amount of doxorubicin delivered to LNCaP cells was also found to be >3-fold higher by P3-liposomes. Cell-based cytotoxicity assay results showed that doxorubicin-loaded P3-liposomes were significantly more toxic to LNCaP cells (p < 0.05), but not to PSMA-negative PC3 cells. Compared to doxorubicin-loaded Plain-liposomes, the IC50 value of doxorubicin-loaded P3-liposomes was reduced by ~5-fold in LNCaP cells. Together, these results suggest that surface functionalization of liposomes with small PSMA-binding motifs, such as PSMAL, can provide a viable platform for specific delivery of theranostics to PSMA+ prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Yari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
| | - Gregory Nkepang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
| | - Vibhudutta Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
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Ma J, Fei Y, Wu N, Sun S, Wang Y. The influence of high temperature oxidation on molecular structure and performance of aviation base oils. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Air Force Logistics College Xuzhou China
| | - Yiwei Fei
- Air Force Logistics College Xuzhou China
| | - Nan Wu
- Air Force Logistics College Xuzhou China
| | - Shian Sun
- Air Force Logistics College Xuzhou China
| | - Yuelun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of EducationChina University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou China
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Jones MT, Mahler HC, Yadav S, Bindra D, Corvari V, Fesinmeyer RM, Gupta K, Harmon AM, Hinds KD, Koulov A, Liu W, Maloney K, Wang J, Yeh PY, Singh SK. Considerations for the Use of Polysorbates in Biopharmaceuticals. Pharm Res 2018; 35:148. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bisso PW, Tai M, Katepalli H, Bertrand N, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Molecular Rotors for Universal Quantitation of Nanoscale Hydrophobic Interfaces in Microplate Format. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:618-628. [PMID: 29244511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic self-assembly pairs diverse chemical precursors and simple formulation processes to access a vast array of functional colloids. Exploration of this design space, however, is stymied by lack of broadly general, high-throughput colloid characterization tools. Here, we show that a narrow structural subset of fluorescent, zwitterionic molecular rotors, dialkylaminostilbazolium sulfonates [DASS] with intermediate-length alkyl tails, fills this major analytical void by quantitatively sensing hydrophobic interfaces in microplate format. DASS dyes supersede existing interfacial probes by avoiding off-target fluorogenic interactions and dye aggregation while preserving hydrophobic partitioning strength. To illustrate the generality of this approach, we demonstrate (i) a microplate-based technique for measuring mass concentration of small (20-200 nm), dilute (submicrogram sensitivity) drug delivery nanoparticles; (ii) elimination of particle size, surfactant chemistry, and throughput constraints on quantifying the complex surfactant/metal oxide adsorption isotherms critical for environmental remediation and enhanced oil recovery; and (iii) more reliable self-assembly onset quantitation for chemically and structurally distinct amphiphiles. These methods could streamline the development of nanotechnologies for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Bisso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michelle Tai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hari Katepalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Laval University , Quebec City, Quebec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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45
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Palombo M, Bonucci A, Etienne E, Ciurli S, Uversky VN, Guigliarelli B, Belle V, Mileo E, Zambelli B. The relationship between folding and activity in UreG, an intrinsically disordered enzyme. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5977. [PMID: 28729736 PMCID: PMC5519622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature on intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) led scientists to rethink the structure-function paradigm of protein folding. Enzymes are often considered an exception to the rule of intrinsic disorder (ID), believed to require a unique structure for catalysis. However, recent studies revealed the presence of disorder in several functional native enzymes. In the present work, we address the importance of dynamics for catalysis, by investigating the relationship between folding and activity in Sporosarcina pasteurii UreG (SpUreG), a P-loop GTPase and the first discovered native ID enzyme, involved in the maturation of the nickel-containing urease. The effect of denaturants and osmolytes on protein structure and activity was analyzed using circular dichroism (CD), Site-Directed Spin Labeling (SDSL) coupled to EPR spectroscopy, and enzymatic assays. Our data show that SpUreG needs a "flexibility window" to be catalytically competent, with both too low and too high mobility being detrimental for its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Palombo
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Alessio Bonucci
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM (FR 3479), BIP (UMR 7281), 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille, 13402, France
| | - Emilien Etienne
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM (FR 3479), BIP (UMR 7281), 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille, 13402, France
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, MDC07, USA
| | - Bruno Guigliarelli
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM (FR 3479), BIP (UMR 7281), 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille, 13402, France
| | - Valérie Belle
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM (FR 3479), BIP (UMR 7281), 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille, 13402, France
| | - Elisabetta Mileo
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM (FR 3479), BIP (UMR 7281), 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille, 13402, France.
| | - Barbara Zambelli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, Bologna, 40127, Italy.
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Martos A, Koch W, Jiskoot W, Wuchner K, Winter G, Friess W, Hawe A. Trends on Analytical Characterization of Polysorbates and Their Degradation Products in Biopharmaceutical Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1722-1735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dong J, Zhang Q, Huang G, Meng Q, Li S. An efficient reduction of nitro and bromine naphthalene derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Meng F, Liu T, Schneider E, Alzobaidi S, Gil M, Zhang F. Self-Association of Rafoxanide in Aqueous Media and Its Application in Preparing Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1790-1799. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Meng
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tongzhou Liu
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Elizabeth Schneider
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Shehab Alzobaidi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200
East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marco Gil
- Hovione LLC, 40 Lake Drive, East Windsor, New Jersey 08520, United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Lippold S, Koshari SH, Kopf R, Schuller R, Buckel T, Zarraga IE, Koehn H. Impact of mono- and poly-ester fractions on polysorbate quantitation using mixed-mode HPLC-CAD/ELSD and the fluorescence micelle assay. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 132:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Coreta-Gomes FM, Vaz WLC, Wasielewski E, Geraldes CFG, Moreno MJ. Quantification of Cholesterol Solubilized in Dietary Micelles: Dependence on Human Bile Salt Variability and the Presence of Dietary Food Ingredients. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:4564-4574. [PMID: 27079626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The solubility of cholesterol in bile salt (BS) micelles is important to understand the availability of cholesterol for absorption in the intestinal epithelium and to develop strategies to decrease cholesterol intake from the intestinal lumen. This has been the subject of intense investigation, due to the established relation between the development of diseases such as atherosclerosis and high levels of cholesterol in the blood. In this work we quantify the effect of BS variability on the amount of cholesterol solubilized. The effect of some known hypocholesterolemic agents usually found in the diet is also evaluated, as well as some insight regarding the mechanisms involved. The results show that, depending on the bile salt composition, the average value of sterol per micelle is equal to or lower than 1. The amount of cholesterol solubilized in the BS micelles is essentially equal to its total concentration until the solubility limit is reached. Altogether, this indicates that the maximum cholesterol solubility in the BS micellar solution is the result of saturation of the aqueous phase and depends on the partition coefficient of cholesterol between the aqueous phase and the micellar pseudophase. The effect on cholesterol maximum solubility for several food ingredients usually encountered in the diet was characterized using methodology developed recently by us. This method allows the simultaneous quantification of both cholesterol and food ingredient solubilized in the BS micelles even in the presence of larger aggregates, therefore avoiding their physical separation with possible impacts on the overall equilibrium. The phytosterols stigmasterol and stigmastanol significantly decreased cholesterol solubility with a concomitant reduction in the total amount of sterol solubilized, most pronounced for stigmasterol. Those results point toward coprecipitation being the major cause for the decrease in cholesterol solubilization by the BS micelles. The presence of tocopherol and oleic acid leads to a small decrease in the amount of cholesterol solubilized while palmitic acid slightly increases the solubility of cholesterol. Those dietary food ingredients are completely solubilized by the BS micelles, indicating that the effects on cholesterol solubility are due to changes in the properties of the mixed micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M Coreta-Gomes
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra Rua Larga , Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, CQC, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Winchil L C Vaz
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra Rua Larga , Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emeric Wasielewski
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, CQC, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos F G Geraldes
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra 3000-393 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, CQC, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Moreno
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra Rua Larga , Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, CQC, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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