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Uversky VN, Madeira PP, Zaslavsky BY. What Can Be Learned from the Partitioning Behavior of Proteins in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6339. [PMID: 38928046 PMCID: PMC11203663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review covers the analytical applications of protein partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs). We review the advancements in the analytical application of protein partitioning in ATPSs that have been achieved over the last two decades. Multiple examples of different applications, such as the quality control of recombinant proteins, analysis of protein misfolding, characterization of structural changes as small as a single-point mutation, conformational changes upon binding of different ligands, detection of protein-protein interactions, and analysis of structurally different isoforms of a protein are presented. The new approach to discovering new drugs for a known target (e.g., a receptor) is described when one or more previous drugs are already available with well-characterized biological efficacy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Pedro P. Madeira
- Centro de Investigacao em Materiais Ceramicos e Compositos, Department of Chemistry, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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2
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Zhang J, Kumru B, Schmidt BVKJ. Supramolecular Compartmentalized Hydrogels via Polydopamine Particle-Stabilized Water-in-Water Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11141-11149. [PMID: 31373496 PMCID: PMC6748668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalized hydrogels constitute a significant research area, for example, for catalytic and biomedical applications. As presented here, a generic method is used for compartmentalization of supramolecular hydrogels by using water-in-water emulsions based on aqueous two-phase systems. By forming the supramolecular hydrogel throughout the continuous phase of all-aqueous emulsions, distinct, microcompartmentalized materials were created. The basis for the presented compartmentalized water-in-water hydrogels is polydopamine particle-stabilized water-in-water emulsions from dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Addition of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) led to supramolecular complexation with PEG and subsequent hydrogel formation showing no signs of creaming. Due to the supramolecular nature of the compartmentalized hydrogels, selective network cleavage could be induced via competing guest addition, while keeping the emulsion substructure intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Zhang
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
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3
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Shibata C, Iwashita K, Shiraki K. Salt-containing aqueous two-phase system shows predictable partition of proteins with surface amino acids residues. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:1182-1186. [PMID: 31055113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) containing salts has been used for protein purification and enrichment. However, it is unclear how proteins are partitioned in the top or bottom phases of the system. In this study, we demonstrate that the partition of proteins in salt-containing ATPS (SATPS) depends only on the relation between the protein-surface amino acids and the type of salt using SATPS. The partition coefficients of four proteins changed depending on the kind of salt, according to the Hofmeister series. Interestingly, the partition coefficients of the proteins correlated to those of the combination of the amino acids in the surface of the protein with the correlation coefficients of >0.9. The results suggest that the interaction between the protein surface and aqueous ions plays an indispensable role for the partition of proteins in SATPS that can help in the design of protein partition in ATPS for purification and enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Shibata
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kazuki Iwashita
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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4
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Mytnyk S, Ziemecka I, Olive AG, van der Meer JWM, Totlani KA, Oldenhof S, Kreutzer MT, van Steijn V, van Esch JH. Microcapsules with a permeable hydrogel shell and an aqueous core continuously produced in a 3D microdevice by all-aqueous microfluidics. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the continuous production of microcapsules composed of an aqueous core and permeable hydrogel shell, made stable by the controlled photo-cross-linking of the shell of an all-aqueous double emulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Mytnyk
- Advanced Soft Matter Group
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Delft University of Technology
- Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Iwona Ziemecka
- Advanced Soft Matter Group
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Delft University of Technology
- Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre G. L. Olive
- Advanced Soft Matter Group
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Delft University of Technology
- Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - J. Wim M. van der Meer
- Product and Process Engineering Group
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Delft University of Technology
- Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Kartik A. Totlani
- Product and Process Engineering Group
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Delft University of Technology
- Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Sander Oldenhof
- Advanced Soft Matter Group
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Delft University of Technology
- Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Michiel T. Kreutzer
- Product and Process Engineering Group
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Delft University of Technology
- Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Volkert van Steijn
- Product and Process Engineering Group
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Delft University of Technology
- Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. van Esch
- Advanced Soft Matter Group
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Delft University of Technology
- Delft
- The Netherlands
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5
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Chow YH, Yap YJ, Show PL, Juan JC, Anuar MS, Ng EP, Ooi CW, Ling TC. Characterization of partitioning behaviors of immunoglobulin G in polymer-salt aqueous two-phase systems. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:613-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Zalipsky S, Barany G. Facile Synthesis of α-Hydroxy-ω-Carboxymethylpolyethylene Oxide. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088391159000500206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Zalipsky
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - George Barany
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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7
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Dong Y, Pang B, Yu F, Li L, Liu W, Xiu Z. Extraction and purification of IgG by hydrophilic organic solvent salting-out extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1012-1013:137-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Abd-Rabboh HS, Albassami NA, Zidan NM. Single-Use Probes for the Determination of Dextran Sulfate in Food, Drug, and Industrial Samples. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2016; 11:1345-1354. [DOI: 10.1016/s1452-3981(23)15926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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9
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Kumar AA, Walz JA, Gonidec M, Mace CR, Whitesides GM. Combining Step Gradients and Linear Gradients in Density. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6158-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna A. Walz
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Charles R. Mace
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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10
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Wingfield PT. Overview of the purification of recombinant proteins. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2015; 80:6.1.1-6.1.35. [PMID: 25829302 PMCID: PMC4410719 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps0601s80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
When the first version of this unit was written in 1995, protein purification of recombinant proteins was based on a variety of standard chromatographic methods and approaches, many of which were described and mentioned throughout Current Protocols in Protein Science. In the interim, there has been a shift toward an almost universal usage of the affinity or fusion tag. This may not be the case for biotechnology manufacture where affinity tags can complicate producing proteins under regulatory conditions. Regardless of the protein expression system, questions are asked as to which and how many affinity tags to use, where to attach them in the protein, and whether to engineer a self-cleavage system or simply leave them on. We will briefly address some of these issues. Also, although this overview focuses on E.coli, protein expression and purification, other commonly used expression systems are mentioned and, apart from cell-breakage methods, protein purification methods and strategies are essentially the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T. Wingfield
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NIAMS - NIH, Building 6B, Room 1B130, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, Tel: 301-594-1313,
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11
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Pérez RL, Loureiro DB, Nerli BB, Tubio G. Optimization of pancreatic trypsin extraction in PEG/citrate aqueous two-phase systems. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 106:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Dorn U, Enders S. Mixing enthalpy and liquid–liquid equilibrium of aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.887800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Reschke T, Naeem S, Sadowski G. Osmotic Coefficients of Aqueous Weak Electrolyte Solutions: Influence of Dissociation on Data Reduction and Modeling. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:7479-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3005629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reschke
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical
and Chemical Engineering, Dortmund University of Technology, Emil-Figge-Straße 70, D-44227 Dortmund
| | - Shahbaz Naeem
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical
and Chemical Engineering, Dortmund University of Technology, Emil-Figge-Straße 70, D-44227 Dortmund
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical
and Chemical Engineering, Dortmund University of Technology, Emil-Figge-Straße 70, D-44227 Dortmund
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14
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15
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Participation of cell-surface hydrophobins for hemin binding in Helicobacter pylori. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 56:241-5. [PMID: 21611690 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-011-0043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori cells with several chaotropic agents resulted in different degrees of inhibition in the binding of the bacteria to hemin and Congo-red dye. Polyanions also yielded a >50% inhibitory effect. Furthermore, hydrophobic interaction chromatography was used to determine the relative surface hydrophobicity of cell-associated proteins extracted with 3 mol/L urea, revealing proteins with a significant hydrophobic profile.
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16
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17
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Lu YM, Yang YZ, Zhao XD, Xia CB. Bovine serum albumin partitioning in polyethylene glycol (PEG)/potassium citrate aqueous two-phase systems. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Kautharapu K, Pujari NS, Golegaonkar SB, Ponrathnam S, Nene SN, Bhatnagar D. Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone derivatized guar gum based aqueous two-phase system. Sep Purif Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Tubio G, Picó GA, Nerli BB. Extraction of trypsin from bovine pancreas by applying polyethyleneglycol/sodium citrate aqueous two-phase systems. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 877:115-20. [PMID: 19109075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to determine the optimal conditions for separating trypsin (TRP) from alpha-chymotrypsin (ChTRP) and to apply them for trypsin purification from bovine pancreas by liquid-liquid extraction with polyethyleneglycol/sodium citrate (PEG/NaCit) aqueous two-phase systems. Partitioning behaviours of TRP and ChTRP are demonstrated to be very sensitive to variables such as PEG molecular weight, pH and tie line length. Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by PEG of MW 3350 and NaCit pH 5.20 showed the best separation capability. The addition of NaCl up to a final concentration of 7% (w/w) and the decrease of top/bottom volume ratio to 0.1 led to the recovery of 60% of pancreatic TRP in a concentrated form in the top phase with a 3-fold purification. Biomass presence up to 25% (w/w) of the total system mass did not affect significantly yield and purification parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Tubio
- Chemical Physics Department, CONICET, FonCyT, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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20
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Wingfield PT. Overview of the purification of recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 6:6.1.1-6.1.37. [PMID: 18429246 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps0601s30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The updated version of this unit presents an overview of recombinant protein purification with special emphasis on proteins expressed in E. coli. The first section deals with information pertinent to protein purification that can be derived from translation of the cDNA sequence. This is followed by a discussion of common problems associated with bacterial protein expression. A flow chart summarizes approaches for establishing solubility and localization of bacterially produced proteins. Purification strategies for both soluble and insoluble proteins are also reviewed. A section on glycoproteins produced in bacteria in the nonglycosylated state is included to emphasize that, although they may not be useful for in vivo studies, such proteins are well suited for structural studies. Finally, protein handling, scale and aims of purification, and specialized equipment needed for recombinant protein purification and characterization are discussed. The methodologies and approaches described here are essentially suitable for laboratory-scale operations.
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21
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Hansson UB, Wingren C. Separation of Antibodies by Liquid-Liquid Aqueous Partition and by Liquid-Liquid Partition Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/03602549809351640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Van Alstine JM, Synder RS, Karr LJ, Harris JM. Cell Separation with Counter-Current Chromatography and Thin-Layer Countercurrent Distribution in Aqueous Two-Phase System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918508074132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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24
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Teotia S, Mondal K, Gupta M. Integration of Affinity Precipitation with Partitioning Methods for Bioseparation of Chitin Binding Lectins. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2006. [DOI: 10.1205/fbp.05133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Mondal
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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26
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Fee CJ, Van Alstine JM. Prediction of the Viscosity Radius and the Size Exclusion Chromatography Behavior of PEGylated Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2004; 15:1304-13. [PMID: 15546197 DOI: 10.1021/bc049843w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to determine the viscosity radii of equivalent spheres for proteins covalently grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The viscosity radius of such PEGylated proteins was found to depend on the molecular weight of the native protein and the total weight of grafted PEG but not on PEG molecular weight, or PEG-to-protein molar grafting ratio. Results suggest grafted PEG's form a dynamic layer over the surface of proteins. The geometry of this layer results in a surface area-to-volume ratio approximately equal to that of a randomly coiled PEG molecule of equivalent total molecular weight. Two simple methods are given to predict the viscosity radius of PEGylated proteins. Both methods accurately predicted (3% absolute error) the viscosity radii of various PEG-proteins produced using three native proteins, alpha-lactalbumin (14.2 kDa MW), beta-lactoglobulin dimer (37.4 kDa MW), and bovine serum albumin (66.7 kDa MW), three PEG reagents (2400, 5600, and 22500 MW), and molar grafting ratios of 0 to 8. Accurate viscosity radius prediction allows calculation of the distribution coefficient, K(av), for PEG-proteins in SEC. The suitability of a given SEC step for the analytical or preparative fractionation of different PEGylated protein mixtures may therefore be assessed mathematically. The methods and results offer insight to several factors related to the production, purification, and uses of PEGylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conan J Fee
- Department of Materials and Process Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 2020, New Zealand.
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27
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28
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Tolstoguzov V. Thermodynamic aspects of biopolymer functionality in biological systems, foods, and beverages. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2003; 22:89-174. [PMID: 12135168 DOI: 10.1080/07388550290789478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mimicry and molecular symbiosis are proposed to be the main factors controlling thermodynamic activity and phase behavior of macromolecular compounds in foods, beverages, and chyme. Molecular mimicry implies a chemical resemblance of hydrophilic surfaces of globular proteins with their chemical information hidden in the hydrophobic interior and low excluded volume of the globules. The molecular mimicry contributes to the efficiency of enzymes. Molecular symbiosis means that interactions attraction or repulsion) between biopolymer molecules greatly differing in conformation (globular and rod-like) favor the biological efficiency of one of them at least. The symbiosis is based on excluded volume effects of macromolecules in mixed solutions. Association-dissociation of rod-like macromolecules can dictate thermodynamic activity of an enzyme in the mixed solution. Thermodynamic incompatibility is typical of food macromolecules, whose denaturation, association, complexing, and chemical modification reduce their mimicry and co-solubility. Foods are normally phase-separated systems with highly volume-occupied phases. The phase-separated nature of the gel-like chyme is important to the efficiency of digestion of mixed diets. Phase separation of biopolymer mixtures, presumably, underlies mechanisms of nonspecific immune defense. The phase behavior-functionality relationships is presented through concrete examples of some foods (such as milk products, low-fat spreads, ice cream, wheat and rye doughs, thermoplastic extrudates, etc.), beverages (tea and coffee), and chyme.
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29
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31
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Fernandes S, Kim HS, Hatti-Kaul R. Affinity extraction of dye- and metal ion-binding proteins in polyvinylpyrrolidone-based aqueous two-phase system. Protein Expr Purif 2002; 24:460-9. [PMID: 11922763 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2001.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Affinity extraction of dye- and metal ion-binding proteins, respectively, in a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP40)-Reppal PES 100 two-phase system was investigated. Due to the ability of PVP to complex azo dyes and inorganic ions, covalent coupling of the ligands was not essential. Cibacron Blue F3GA was used as the ligand for extraction of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from porcine muscle, while copper ions were used for extraction of B. stearothermophilus LDH with a fusion tag of six histidine residues (His6-LDH) from recombinant Escherichia coli homogenate. The binding strength of the enzymes to their respective ligands was only slightly reduced in the presence of PVP. The partition coefficient of Cibacron Blue and Cu2+ ions in the two-phase systems composed of different concentrations of PVP and Reppal was in the range of 20-30, with maximal partitioning being observed in the 17% (w/w) PVP40-10% Reppal PES100 system. Only a minor leakage of the ligands to the bottom phase was observed with time. The partitioning of porcine LDH to the PVP phase was increased 100-fold, and a maximal recovery of 89% was obtained in the two-phase system loaded with 0.2% (w/w) Cibacron Blue. The enzyme was quantitatively recovered with further purification from the PVP-dye phase using a secondary extraction step with 170 mM phosphate or alternatively with 100 mM phosphate containing NADH or NaCl. A more than 10-fold increase in the partition coefficient of His6-LDH was achieved in the two-phase system loaded with 0.4% (w/w) copper sulfate compared to the system lacking the metal ions. The enzyme was also back-extracted into phosphate phase in the presence of imidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Fernandes
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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32
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Vergara A, Paduano L, Sartorio R. Velocity-correlation analysis in polymer-solvent mixtures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Di Nucci H, Nerli B, Picó G. Comparison between the thermodynamic features of alpha1-antitrypsin and human albumin partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems of polyethyleneglycol-dextran. Biophys Chem 2001; 89:219-29. [PMID: 11254214 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(00)00237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The partitioning features of human serum albumin and alpha1-antitrypsin in aqueous two-phase systems of dextran and polyethyleneglycol were studied. The effect of factors that affect the electrostatic term of Albertsson equation such as pH, ionic strength, presence of neutral salts as well as those which affect the non-electrostatic term such as polyethyleneglycol mol. wt. and temperature were assayed. At room temperature, the positive entropy and enthalpy changes associated to the partition may be due to a release of part of the structured water in the domain of proteins caused by H-bonds rupture when the proteins are transferred to the upper phase. This behaviour may be explained on the basis of a preferential hydration of the proteins in presence of dextran (bottom phase) and a preferential interaction of polyethyleneglycols with the protein domain (top phase). The electrostatic interactions were similar for both proteins due to the proximity of their isoelectric point and similar dissociation profiles of their prototropic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Di Nucci
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas and Conicet, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
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34
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Jiang J, Prausnitz JM. Molecular Thermodynamics for Partitioning of Native and Denatured Proteins in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp994371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Jiang
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - John M. Prausnitz
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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Johansson HO, Brooks DE, Haynes CA. Macromolecular crowding and its consequences. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1999; 192:155-70. [PMID: 10553278 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Incompatible pairs of polymers separate into two phases in aqueous solution above a few percentage points total concentration. Protein pairs can also produce phase separation, but at somewhat higher concentrations. In this chapter, we explore the effect of high background concentrations of macromolecules on phase separation of pairs of species which would not be at sufficiently high concentration to separate in the absence of the uninvolved species. Effects produced by such high background concentrations are known as macromolecular crowding. Dramatic enhancements in various association reactions due to crowding have been predicted and observed but its effects on phase separation in biological mixtures typical of the cytoplasm have not been examined. Here, we describe a calculation based on the Flory-Huggins treatment of concentrated polymer solutions that sheds some light on this issue. We find that a background of 20 wt % of a high molecular weight species greatly reduces the concentrations needed to produce phase separation in a mixture of two incompatible macromolecules if one is more hydrophobic than the other. Given the high total concentration of macromolecules in cytoplasm, it is perhaps surprising that phases have not been observed. This issue is discussed and some explanations offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Johansson
- Biotechnology Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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36
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Truust H, Johansson G. Fractionation of wheat gliadins by counter-current distribution using an organic two-phase system. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 711:245-54. [PMID: 9699993 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A liquid liquid two-phase system based on N,N-dimethylformamide and the two polymers, poly(ethyleneglycol) and Ficoll, useful for partitioning of hydrophobic proteins, has been developed. The system has been applied to a counter-current distribution process in 56 steps for analysing the heterogeneity of proteins extracted with N,N-dimethylformamide from wheat flour. The counter-current distribution patterns of proteins, extracted from eight kinds of wheat, have been analysed. The minimum number of hypothetical proteins necessary to describe the patterns was found to be seven. The relative amount of these hypothetical components varied among the wheats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Truust
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lund, Sweden
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Stenekes RJ, Franssen O, van Bommel EM, Crommelin DJ, Hennink WE. The preparation of dextran microspheres in an all-aqueous system: effect of the formulation parameters on particle characteristics. Pharm Res 1998; 15:557-61. [PMID: 9587951 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011925709873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the formulation parameters on the characteristics of dextran-based microspheres, prepared in an all-aqueous system. METHODS Dextran microspheres were formed by polymerization of methacryloyl groups attached to dextran (dexMA), emulsified in an aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solution. DexMA/PEG/water phase diagrams were established. RESULTS The binodals in the phase diagrams shifted to higher concentrations of dextran and PEG with decreasing molecular weight of both polymers, and with increasing degree of MA substitution. The volume-number mean diameter of the microspheres, varied between 2.5 and 20 microns. For a given formulation, the particle size was independent of the PEG/dexMA volume ratio > 40 and increased for volume ratios < 40. Furthermore, larger particles were obtained with decreasing viscosity of the continuous phase and increasing viscosity of the discontinuous phase. CONCLUSIONS Particle characteristics of dextran microspheres prepared in an all-aqueous system, among which the size and initial water content, can be tailored by adjusting the formulation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Stenekes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), The Netherlands.
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38
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Protein Inactivations During Novel Bioseparation Techniques. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(98)80034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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39
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Grimonprez B, Johansson G. Liquid-liquid partitioning of some enzymes, especially phosphofructokinase, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae at sub-zero temperature. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 680:55-63. [PMID: 8798881 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of low temperature (-18 degrees C) on the stability and partitioning of some glycolytic enzymes within an aqueous two-phase system were studied. The enzymes were phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase present in a crude extract of bakers' yeast. The partitioning of pure phosphofructokinase, isolated from bakers' yeast, was also examined. The two-phase systems were composed of water, poly(ethylene glycol), dextran, and ethylene glycol and buffer. THe influence on the partitioning of the presence of ethylene glycol, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and poly(ethylene glycol)-bound Cibacron Blue F3G-A was investigated at -18, 0 and (in some cases) 20 degrees C. The presence of ethylene glycol, phase polymers and low temperature stabilized all three enzyme activities. Cibacron Blue, an affinity ligand for phosphofructokinase, increased its partitioning into the upper phase with decreasing temperature. Depending on the conditions, various amounts of the enzymes were recovered at the interface, also in systems not containing ethylene glycol. The implications of the observed effects on the use of aqueous two-phase systems for the extraction and fractionation of proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Grimonprez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lund, Sweden
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40
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Johansson G. Aqueous two-phase systems with a liquid protein (bovine serum albumin) phase for partitioning of enzymes. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 680:123-30. [PMID: 8798889 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
New aqueous liquid-liquid two-phase systems based on bovine serum albumin and sodium thiocyanate in combination with either poly(vinyl alcohol) or poly(ethylene glycol) were investigated. Phase diagrams are presented. Lactate dehydrogenase and some mitochondrial enzymes were partitioned in the systems. All the phase components used influenced, either positively or negatively, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. The enzymes showed a strong preference for the albumin phase. Possible scientific and biotechnological uses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Johansson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lund, Sweden
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41
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Nishimura H, Munakata N, Hayashi K, Hayakawa M, Iwamoto H, Terayama S, Takahata Y, Kodera Y, Tsurui H, Shirai T. Polyethylene glycol-modified avidin: a novel agent for the selective extraction of biotinylated immune-complex in an aqueous two-phase system. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1996; 7:289-96. [PMID: 7577831 DOI: 10.1163/156856295x00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chicken avidin was chemically modified with 2,4-bis[O-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)]-6-chloro-s-triazine (activated PEG2) to form PEG-avidin. The PEG-avidin, in which 78% of the amino groups were modified, retained 49% of the active biotin-binding sites. The modified avidin was partitioned preferentially into the PEG-phase in an aqueous two-phase system (PEG/dextran). Using PEG-avidin, the immune-complex formed between biotinylated anti-mouse IgG and its antigen IgG (mouse) molecules, was successfully transferred into the PEG-phase in an aqueous two-phase system. This finding leads to the effective isolation of a specific antigen among various kinds of antigens by partitioning with a two-phase system using PEG-avidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nishimura
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Toin University of Yokohama, Japan
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42
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Protein mass transfer studies on a spray column using the PEG-Reppal PES 100 aqueous two-phase system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00417636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Paquet V, Myint M, Roque C, Soucaille P. Partitioning of pristinamycins in aqueous two-phase systems: A first step toward the development of antibiotic production by extractive fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 1994; 44:445-51. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260440407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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44
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Raymond FD, Moss DW, Fisher D. Separation of alkaline phosphatase isoforms with and without intact glycan-phosphatidylinositol anchors in aqueous polymer phase systems. Clin Chim Acta 1994; 227:111-20. [PMID: 7525117 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(94)90140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoforms can be distinguished from each other by their partition characteristics in aqueous two-phase systems composed of water-soluble polymers, the phases of which are differentially sensitive to the presence of glycan-phosphatidylinositol anchors. Compared with detergent-based systems, the aqueous polymer systems have the advantage that micelle formation does not take place. Partition of anchor-intact and anchor-degraded molecules in the latter systems is further improved by attachment of a hydrophobic ligand to one of the phase forming polymers. In this way, anchor-intact molecules can be separated from molecules with degraded anchors in a single partition step. The method has been used to confirm that ALP in human serum is predominantly anchor degraded, whereas in bile it retains its anchor intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Raymond
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK
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45
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Andreasen PA. Molecular mass of proteins and their partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Sánchez-Ferrer A, Bru R, García-Carmona F. Phase separation of biomolecules in polyoxyethylene glycol nonionic detergents. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 1994; 29:275-313. [PMID: 8001397 DOI: 10.3109/10409239409083483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The advantage of aqueous two-phase systems based on polyoxyethylene detergents over other liquid-liquid two-phase systems lies in their capacity to fractionate membrane proteins simply by heating the solution over a biocompatible range of temperatures (20 to 37 degrees C). This permits the peripheral membrane proteins to be effectively separated from the integral membrane proteins, which remain in the detergent-rich phase due to the interaction of their hydrophobic domains with detergent micelles. Since the first reports of this special characteristic of polyoxyethylene glycol detergents in 1981, numerous reports have consolidated this procedure as a fundamental technique in membrane biochemistry and molecular biology. As examples of their use in these two fields, this review summarizes the studies carried out on the topology, diversity, and anomalous behavior of transmembrane proteins on the distribution of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins, and on a mechanism to describe the pH-induced translocation of viruses, bacterial endotoxins, and soluble cytoplasmic proteins related to membrane fusion. In addition, the phase separation capacity of these polyoxyethylene glycol detergents has been used to develop quick fractionation methods with high recoveries, on both a micro- and macroscale, and to speed up or increase the efficiency of bioanalytical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez-Ferrer
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Spain
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47
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Johansson G. [3] Partitioning procedures and techniques: Small molecules and macromolecules. Methods Enzymol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(94)28005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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48
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Walter H. Analytical applications of partitioning: detection of differences or changes in surface properties of mammalian cell populations. Methods Enzymol 1994; 228:299-320. [PMID: 7519288 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(94)28029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Walter
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California 90822
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hammar
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Otto A, Birkenmeier G. Recognition and separation of isoenzymes by metal chelates. Immobilized metal ion affinity partitioning of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. J Chromatogr A 1993; 644:25-33. [PMID: 7690357 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80116-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-bound chelated metal ions partition preferentially into the top, PEG-rich, phase of a PEG-salt or PEG-dextran aqueous two-phase system. Extraction by this soluble affinity ligand of proteins is due to a selective interaction of the chelated metal ion with accessible histidine residues on the protein surface. Using Cu-iminodiacetate-PEG (Cu-IDA-PEG) the surface of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes from different species was probed for the presence of metal chelate binding sites. It was demonstrated that the homotetramers (LDH-1)(H4) from rabbit, bovine and pig displayed weak binding to chelated copper whereas the M4-type isoenzymes (LDH-5) bound strongly to this ligand. The binding of the different heterotetramers increases as the number of M-type subunits increases. In contrast, the human isoenzymes are bound to chelated copper in a reversed sequence. The comparison of the affinity partitioning effect of Cu-IDA-PEG in PEG-salt and PEG-dextran systems revealed that the discriminatory effect of copper is promoted by high salt concentrations. Resolution of isoenzymes by multiple extraction using counter-current distribution provides valuable data on the partitioning of enzymes relative to that of the bulk proteins. The efficacy of metal chelate affinity partitioning for the purification of LDH from tissue samples by batchwise extraction was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Otto
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
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