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Williams PA, Peacocke AR. The binding of calcium and yttrium ions to a glycoprotein from bovine cortical bone. Biochem J 2010; 105:1177-85. [PMID: 16742544 PMCID: PMC1198439 DOI: 10.1042/bj1051177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The binding of Ca(2+) and Y(3+) to an acidic glycoprotein from bovine cortical bone, bone sialoprotein, was determined from the titration curves at I 0.2 in the presence and absence of the cations. The binding of Y(3+) was greater than that of Ca(2+). The value for the association constant, k, for the interaction with Y(3+) increased with pH, from log k 2.93 at pH3.4 to log k 3.50 at pH4.4, and the number of binding sites/mol. increased from 4.6 at pH3.4 to 9.1 at pH4.4. It is proposed that the binding site consists of three carboxyl groups, but it is likely that the binding is a strong electrostatic interaction rather than a co-ordination linkage. A chondroitin sulphate-protein complex also extracted from bovine cortical bone interacted with Y(3+) and Ca(2+) to a similar extent as did bone sialoprotein. It is suggested that these materials are present in bone at the resting and resorbing surfaces and that they contribute to the deposition of yttrium, americium and plutonium at these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Williams
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford
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Byers S, van Rooden JC, Foster BK. Structural changes in the large proteoglycan, aggrecan, in different zones of the ovine growth plate. Calcif Tissue Int 1997; 60:71-8. [PMID: 9030483 DOI: 10.1007/s002239900188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The large cartilage proteoglycan, aggrecan, was found to vary throughout the ovine physis corresponding to the maturational state of the resident chondrocytes. Two populations of proteoglycan monomer were observed in articular, epiphyseal, and in the resting zone of growth plate cartilage. These proteoglycans contained chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains sulfated predominantly in the 4 position along with lesser amounts of chondroitin-6-sulfate and keratan sulfate. In the proliferative zone of the growth plate, chondrocytes synthesize one population of proteoglycan monomer which was significantly larger than monomer populations in articular, epiphyseal, or resting zone and this size increase could be attributed to an increase in its constituent chondroitin sulfate side chains. As these chondrocytes progress through their life cycle they continue to modify the structural characteristics of the aggrecan molecule they synthesize. Thus, in the hypertrophic region of the growth plate, the proteoglycan monomer is larger again than in the proliferative region. Variation in sulfation pattern on aggrecan chondroitin sulfate side chains is also observed in the hypertrophic region with an increasing proportion of unsulfated residues present, which may play a role in the initiation of mineralization. In addition, increasing amounts of the carbohydrate sequence recognized by monoclonal antibody 7-D-4 are observed in the hypertrophic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Byers
- Departments of Chemical Pathology and Orthopaedic Surgery Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, Nth. Adelaide, S.A. 5006, Australia
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Ferro DR, Provasoli A, Ragazzi M, Casu B, Torri G, Bossennec V, Perly B, Sinaÿ P, Petitou M, Choay J. Conformer populations of L-iduronic acid residues in glycosaminoglycan sequences. Carbohydr Res 1990; 195:157-67. [PMID: 2331699 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)84164-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The 1H-n.m.r. 3J values for the L-iduronic acid (IdoA) residues for solutions in D2O of natural and synthetic oligosaccharides that represent the biologically important sequences of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and heparin have been rationalized by force-field calculations. The relative proportions of the low-energy conformers 1C4, 2S0, and 4C1 vary widely as a function of sequence and of pattern of sulfation. When IdoA or IdoA-2-sulfate units are present inside saccharide sequences, only 1C4 and 2S0 conformations contribute significantly to the equilibrium. This equilibrium is displaced towards the 2S0 form when IdoA-2-sulfate is preceded by a 3-O-sulfated amino sugar residue, and towards the 1C4 form when it is a non-reducing terminal. For terminal non-sulfated IdoA, the 4C1 form also contributes to the equilibrium. N.O.e. data confirm these conclusions. Possible biological implications of the conformational flexibility and the counter-ion induced changes in conformer populations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Ferro
- Istituto di Chimica delle Macromolecole del C.N.R., Milano, Italy
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Parker KH, Winlove CP, Maroudas A. The theoretical distributions and diffusivities of small ions in chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronate. Biophys Chem 1988; 32:271-82. [PMID: 3150816 DOI: 10.1016/0301-4622(88)87013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The electrostatic interactions between polyionic glycosaminoglycans and small mobile ions are investigated using the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and a rod-in-cell model of the polyelectrolyte. Calculations are made for the range of polyelectrolyte concentrations and buffer compositions for which measurements of ion distributions and diffusivities are reported in a companion paper (Maroudas et al., Biophys. Chem. 32 (1988) 257). We conclude that the distribution of mobile ions is largely determined by the 'far-field' potential and is adequately described by the Poisson-Boltzmann theory and also by more approximate theories such as ideal Donnan or 'condensation' theory. The measured variations in cation diffusivities, particularly the increase in diffusivity with increasing matrix concentration at low ionic strengths, are predicted qualitatively using an approximate diffusion theory together with the calculated potential fields. However, the same theory applied to anion diffusion gives qualitatively wrong results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Parker
- Physiological Flow Studies Unit Imperial College, London, U.K
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Casu B, Petitou M, Provasoli M, Sinaÿ P. Conformational flexibility: a new concept for explaining binding and biological properties of iduronic acid-containing glycosaminoglycans. Trends Biochem Sci 1988; 13:221-5. [PMID: 3076283 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0004(88)90088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Middleton JF, Hunt S. Cation movement in rat articular and non-articular cartilage and in isolated chondrocytes: calcium influx and efflux. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1988; 91:837-47. [PMID: 2907451 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(88)90972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. Calcium ion influx varies between different types of young adult rat cartilage. Sternal cartilage accumulates significantly less Ca2+ than other cartilage types. 2. Influxes of Ca2+ into young adult and ageing tibial cartilage display no significant differences. 3. Efflux of Ca2+ from sternal and tibial cartilage resolves into exponential phases indicative of three compartments. Tracheal cartilage displays two compartment behaviour only. 4. Efflux of Ca2+ from isolated chondrocytes has different characteristics to cartilage efflux with the third slow compartment reduced. 5. Modification of Ca2+ efflux by lanthanum and barium is suggestive of an exchange of strongly bound extracellular calcium during the slow phase of the efflux from young adult tibial cartilage. 6. The metabolic inhibitor 2,4-dinitrophenol is without effect on the efflux of Ca2+ from tibial articular cartilage. 7. The degree of calcium binding exhibited during efflux depends upon cartilage type. Non-articular sternal cartilage binds calcium more strongly than articular tibial, both binding more strongly than non-articular tracheal cartilage. 8. In articular cartilage calcium binding shows an age-related increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Middleton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lancaster, England
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7
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Dais P, Peng QJ, Perlin AS. A relationship between 13C-chemical-shift displacements and counterion-condensation theory, in the binding of calcium ion by heparin. Carbohydr Res 1987; 168:163-79. [PMID: 3123055 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(87)80023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Characteristics of the interaction between heparin and calcium ion in the presence of sodium ion have been examined by monitoring the 13C-chemical shift changes as a function of the calcium ion concentration and the total ionic strength. The results indicated that the association between the polyanion and the divalent cation is a delocalized process, as opposed to one involving specific binding. The correspondence found between chemical shift and the number of Ca2+ ions bound per charged group, as derived from the Manning counterion-condensation model, showed that the stoichiometry is not a constant quantity but, rather, varies throughout the titration, and approaches a limiting value of 2 at high dilution. Additional measurements of T1 and line-width were consistent with an intramolecular order-disorder conformational process induced by the binding of calcium ion. Moreover, binding does not occur or is relatively weak with N-desulfated heparin, or chondroitin 4-sulfate and 6-sulfate, each of which possesses fewer sulfate groups than heparin. These differences serve to emphasize the importance of the charge-density parameter in the control of counterion condensation according to the Manning model, and suggest that the spacing between the negatively charged groups is an associated factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dais
- Dept. of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Balt S, de Bolster MW, Booij M, van Herk AM, Visser-Luirink G. Binding of metal ions to polysaccharides. V. Potentiometric, spectroscopic, and viscosimetric studies of the binding of cations to chondroitin sulfate and chondroitin in neutral and acidic aqueous media. J Inorg Biochem 1983; 19:213-26. [PMID: 6417269 DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(83)85026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Binding of cations to chondroitin sulfate A and C, chondroitin, and D-glucuronate was investigated in neutral and acidic aqueous media using H+, Cu2+, and Na+ ion-specific electrodes, viscometry, electron spin resonance (esr), and ligand-field spectroscopy. Site binding to the carboxylate group and only electrostatic interaction with the sulfate group could describe the results well. The nitrogen atom of the N-acetyl group appeared not to be involved in bonding of cations to chondroitin(sulfate) systems. The interaction of the divalent metal ions follows the Irving-Williams series. The value of the electrostatic potential at the carboxylate group of chondroitin(sulfate), as experienced by a cation, was determined in dependence of cation bonding. It proved to be difficult to establish the composition of a complex of a metal ion with a polyion by means of a molar ratio curve.
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De Bolster MW, Booij M, Ruessink BH, Visser-Luirink G. Binding of metal ions to polysaccharides III. Partial molar volumes of chondroitin sulphate systems. Inorganica Chim Acta 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)86501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Asghar A, Henrickson RL. Chemical, biochemical, functional, and nutritional characteristics of collagen in food systems. ADVANCES IN FOOD RESEARCH 1982; 28:231-372. [PMID: 6762058 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2628(08)60113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Grossman WD. The Polyelectrolyte Behavior of Articular Cartilage. Bioengineering (Basel) 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-026000-6.50104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Chakrabarti B, Park JW. Glycosaminoglycans: structure and interaction. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 8:225-313. [PMID: 6774852 DOI: 10.3109/10409238009102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, there has been considerable progress in the studies on glycosaminoglycans, a group of acidic polysaccharides present in the intercellular matrix of connective tissue. X-ray diffraction studies have indicated that these polymers can exist in the condensed phase in some helical form. Chiroptical and hydrodynamic measurements have provided significant information regarding the molecular conformation in solution and other physicochemical properties of the polymers. Studies related to the interaction properties of glycosaminoglycans with polypeptides, metal ions, and other molecules are numerous. This review covers mainly the results and their interpretations of both published and as yet unpublished material of the 1970s, but certain previous data are also included. A present-day concept regarding the structure and interaction properties of these molecules on the basis of various physicochemical measurements is presented. The biosynthesis and metabolism of glycosaminoglycans, and the structure of proteoglycans and glycoproteins, are not discussed.
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Casu B. Structure and biological activity of heparin and other glycosaminoglycans. PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1979; 11:1-18. [PMID: 370843 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-6989(79)80093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Resolution-enhanced 1H-n.m.r. spectra of dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfates: conformation of the uronic acid residues. Carbohydr Res 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)84070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Temperature-driven association of chondroitin-6-sulfate studied by quasi-elastic laser light scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(78)90128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Saito H, Nakamura A, Iida T. A comparison of acidic glycosaminoglycans in the inner ear and other organs: electrophoretic microanalysis. ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY 1976; 214:149-55. [PMID: 1036683 DOI: 10.1007/bf00453611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acidic glycosaminoglycans in the ground substance of the membranous cochlear lateral wall, kidney, brain and liver of the guinea pigs were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed, using electrophoretic microanalysis. The lateral wall of the cochlea showed highest content (0.46 +/- 0.08%/D.W.) of acidic glycosmainoglycans, which were chondroitin sulfate-B (75%), chondroitin sulfate-A (12%) and hyaluronic acid (13%). However, the pattern of these acidic glycosaminoglycans in the inner ear differed from the other organs. A possible role of acidic glycosaminoglycans in the inner ear was discussed.
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Gelman RA, Blackwell J. Collagen-mucopolysaccharide interactions at acid pH. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 342:254-61. [PMID: 4275494 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(74)90080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Griffith RW, Umminger BL, Grant BF, Pang PK, Pickford GE. Serum composition of the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae Smith. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1974; 187:87-102. [PMID: 4810011 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401870111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Matsusaka T. The fine structure of the inner limiting membrane of the rat retina as revealed by ruthenium red staining. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1971; 36:312-7. [PMID: 4106433 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(71)80106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ashhurst DE, Costin NM. Insect mucosubstances. II. The mucosubstances of the central nervous system. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1971; 3:297-310. [PMID: 4108052 DOI: 10.1007/bf01005228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Fiedler H. Action of cobalt compounds on vascular permeability, mast cells and blood clotting in rats and rabbits. J Pharm Pharmacol 1970; 22:648. [PMID: 4394555 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1970.tb10598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Dobiasova M, Linhart J. Association of phospholipid-cholesterol micelles with rat heart mitochondria: stimulators and inhibitors. Lipids 1970; 5:445-51. [PMID: 5483446 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Stefanovich V, Akiyama K. Comparative studies of aortic acid mucopolysaccharides in fifteen species. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1970; 34:125-30. [PMID: 4246622 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(70)90059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Regelson W. The growth-regulating activity of polyanions: a theoretical discussion of their place in the intercellular environment and their role in cell physiology. Adv Cancer Res 1969; 11:223-304. [PMID: 4181095 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Abstract
Heparin, dextran sulphate, dextran phosphate, chondroitin sulphate and degraded Λ-carrageenan inhibit peptic activity by substrate occlusion or depletion. This holds for various substrates and enzyme preparations, but the amount of inhibition observed varies with method and inhibitor used. The most active inhibitors of the series are disulphated on at least alternate sugar residues and in addition to disulphation high molecular weight confers, in certain conditions, greatest activity. High and low molecular weight macroanions have different inhibition characteristics and it is concluded that activity may depend upon the structure of the substrate-inhibitor complexes formed. Inhibition is not observed when substrate-inhibitor interaction does not occur, as when pepsin or N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine-L-diiodotyrosine (APDT) are used as substrate.
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Eyring EJ, Kraus H, Yang JT. Induced optical activity of chondroitin sulfate C--acridine orange complexes. Biopolymers 1968; 6:703-14. [PMID: 5648277 DOI: 10.1002/bip.1968.360060507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Nakagaki M, Ikeda K. Effect of the Ionic Strength on the Behavior of Sodium Chondroitin Sulfate C in Aqueous Solutions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1968. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.41.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
1. Soluble sodium chondroitin sulphate, from bovine ribs or puppy epiphyseal plate, at a concentration 80mm in terms of glucuronate, decreased the amounts of calcium and phosphate precipitated from a solution 6.9mm in phosphate and 6.9 or 13.8mm in calcium, buffered in the pH range 6.6-8.2 with 20-25mm-collidine and 5-20mn-hydrochloric acid when incubated for 2hr. at 30 degrees , and for 0.25-24hr. when buffered at pH7.0. 2. An insoluble fraction of puppy epiphyseal plate, containing chondroitin sulphate and collagen, was found to have the same effect at lower concentrations of chondroitin sulphate and a higher calcium/chondroitin sulphate glucuronate ratio, but the formation of calcium phosphate from calcium bound to this material appeared to proceed more rapidly than from calcium in solution, when both were present in the same system. 3. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the calcium/chondroitin sulphate glucuronate ratios found in different parts of non-calcifying and calcifying cartilage in vivo and to the calcium and phosphate gradients between blood and calcified tissue.
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Bondareff W. An intercellular substance in rat cerebral cortex: Submicroscopic distribution of ruthenium red. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091570312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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GRAHAM HORACED, WILLIAMS JOSEPHLEE. Quantitative Aspects of the Interaction of Carrageenan and Other Hydrocolloids with Polyvalent Cobalt Complexes. J Food Sci 1966. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1966.tb00507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bondareff W. Electron microscopic evidence for the existence of an intercellular substance in rat cerebral cortex. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1966; 72:487-95. [PMID: 4168188 DOI: 10.1007/bf00319254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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