1
|
Guarini N, Saliba E, André B. Phosphoregulation of the yeast Pma1 H+-ATPase autoinhibitory domain involves the Ptk1/2 kinases and the Glc7 PP1 phosphatase and is under TORC1 control. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011121. [PMID: 38227612 PMCID: PMC10817110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases of the P-type family are highly conserved in yeast, other fungi, and plants. Their main role is to establish an H+ gradient driving active transport of small ions and metabolites across the PM and providing the main component of the PM potential. Furthermore, in both yeast and plant cells, conditions have been described under which active H+-ATPases promote activation of TORC1, the rapamycin-sensitive kinase complex controlling cell growth. Fungal and plant PM H+-ATPases are self-inhibited by their respective cytosolic carboxyterminal tails unless this domain is phosphorylated at specific residues. In the yeast H+-ATPase Pma1, neutralization of this autoinhibitory domain depends mostly on phosphorylation of the adjacent Ser911 and Thr912 residues, but the kinase(s) and phosphatase(s) controlling this tandem phosphorylation remain unknown. In this study, we show that S911-T912 phosphorylation in Pma1 is mediated by the largely redundant Ptk1 and Ptk2 kinase paralogs. Dephosphorylation of S911-T912, as occurs under glucose starvation, is dependent on the Glc7 PP1 phosphatase. Furthermore, proper S911-T912 phosphorylation in Pma1 is required for optimal TORC1 activation upon H+ influx coupled amino-acid uptake. We finally show that TORC1 controls S911-T912 phosphorylation in a manner suggesting that activated TORC1 promotes feedback inhibition of Pma1. Our results shed important new light on phosphoregulation of the yeast Pma1 H+-ATPase and on its interconnections with TORC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Guarini
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biopark, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Elie Saliba
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biopark, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bruno André
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biopark, Gosselies, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Young MR, Heit S, Bublitz M. Structure, function and biogenesis of the fungal proton pump Pma1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119600. [PMID: 37741574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The fungal plasma membrane proton pump Pma1 is an integral plasma membrane protein of the P-type ATPase family. It is an essential enzyme responsible for maintaining a constant cytosolic pH and for energising the plasma membrane to secondary transport processes. Due to its importance for fungal survival and absence from animals, Pma1 is also a highly sought-after drug target. Until recently, its characterisation has been limited to functional, mutational and localisation studies, due to a lack of high-resolution structural information. The determination of three cryo-EM structures of Pma1 in its unique hexameric state offers a new level of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the protein's stability, regulated activity and druggability. In light of this context, this article aims to review what we currently know about the structure, function and biogenesis of fungal Pma1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Young
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Heit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Maike Bublitz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Primo C, Navarre C, Chaumont F, André B. Plasma membrane H +-ATPases promote TORC1 activation in plant suspension cells. iScience 2022; 25:104238. [PMID: 35494253 PMCID: PMC9046228 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The TORC1 (Target of Rapamycin Complex 1) kinase complex plays a pivotal role in controlling cell growth in probably all eukaryotic species. The signals and mechanisms regulating TORC1 have been intensely studied in mammals but those of fungi and plants are much less known. We have previously reported that the yeast plasma membrane H+-ATPase Pma1 promotes TORC1 activation when stimulated by cytosolic acidification or nutrient-uptake-coupled H+ influx. Furthermore, a homologous plant H+-ATPase can substitute for yeast Pma1 to promote this H+-elicited TORC1 activation. We here report that TORC1 activity in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells is also strongly influenced by the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPases. In particular, stimulation of H+-ATPases by fusicoccin activates TORC1, and this response is also observed in cells transferred to a nutrient-free and auxin-free medium. Our results suggest that plant H+-ATPases, known to be regulated by practically all factors controlling cell growth, contribute to TOR signaling. Isolation of a tobacco BY-2 cell line suitable for analyzing TOR signaling Activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases in BY-2 suspension cells elicits TOR signaling TOR signaling upon H+-ATPase activation also occurs in the absence of nutrients and auxin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Primo
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biopark, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Catherine Navarre
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bruno André
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biopark, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heit S, Geurts MMG, Murphy BJ, Corey RA, Mills DJ, Kühlbrandt W, Bublitz M. Structure of the hexameric fungal plasma membrane proton pump in its autoinhibited state. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj5255. [PMID: 34757782 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.30.442159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The fungal plasma membrane H+-ATPase Pma1 is a vital enzyme, generating a proton-motive force that drives the import of essential nutrients. Autoinhibited Pma1 hexamers in the plasma membrane of starving fungi are activated by glucose signaling and subsequent phosphorylation of the autoinhibitory domain. As related P-type adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) are not known to oligomerize, the physiological relevance of Pma1 hexamers remained unknown. We have determined the structure of hexameric Pma1 from Neurospora crassa by electron cryo-microscopy at 3.3-Å resolution, elucidating the molecular basis for hexamer formation and autoinhibition and providing a basis for structure-based drug development. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations in a lipid bilayer suggest lipid-mediated contacts between monomers and a substantial protein-induced membrane deformation that could act as a proton-attracting funnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Maxwell M G Geurts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Bonnie J Murphy
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str.3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robin A Corey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Deryck J Mills
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str.3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Werner Kühlbrandt
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str.3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maike Bublitz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heit S, Geurts MMG, Murphy BJ, Corey RA, Mills DJ, Kühlbrandt W, Bublitz M. Structure of the hexameric fungal plasma membrane proton pump in its autoinhibited state. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj5255. [PMID: 34757782 PMCID: PMC8580308 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The fungal plasma membrane H+-ATPase Pma1 is a vital enzyme, generating a proton-motive force that drives the import of essential nutrients. Autoinhibited Pma1 hexamers in the plasma membrane of starving fungi are activated by glucose signaling and subsequent phosphorylation of the autoinhibitory domain. As related P-type adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) are not known to oligomerize, the physiological relevance of Pma1 hexamers remained unknown. We have determined the structure of hexameric Pma1 from Neurospora crassa by electron cryo-microscopy at 3.3-Å resolution, elucidating the molecular basis for hexamer formation and autoinhibition and providing a basis for structure-based drug development. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations in a lipid bilayer suggest lipid-mediated contacts between monomers and a substantial protein-induced membrane deformation that could act as a proton-attracting funnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Maxwell M. G. Geurts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Bonnie J. Murphy
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str.3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robin A. Corey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Deryck J. Mills
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str.3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Werner Kühlbrandt
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str.3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maike Bublitz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Oligomeric State of the Plasma Membrane H⁺-ATPase from Kluyveromyces lactis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050958. [PMID: 30857224 PMCID: PMC6429222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane H+-ATPase was purified from the yeast K. lactis. The oligomeric state of the H+-ATPase is not known. Size exclusion chromatography displayed two macromolecular assembly states (MASs) of different sizes for the solubilized enzyme. Blue native electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) showed the H+-ATPase hexamer in both MASs as the sole/main oligomeric state—in the aggregated and free state. The hexameric state was confirmed in dodecyl maltoside-treated plasma membranes by Western-Blot. Tetramers, dimers, and monomers were present in negligible amounts, thus depicting the oligomerization pathway with the dimer as the oligomerization unit. H+-ATPase kinetics was cooperative (n~1.9), and importantly, in both MASs significant differences were determined in intrinsic fluorescence intensity, nucleotide affinity and Vmax; hence suggesting the large MAS as the activated state of the H+-ATPase. It is concluded that the quaternary structure of the H+-ATPase is the hexamer and that a relationship seems to exist between ATPase function and the aggregation state of the hexamer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nguyen TT, Sabat G, Sussman MR. In vivo cross-linking supports a head-to-tail mechanism for regulation of the plant plasma membrane P-type H +-ATPase. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17095-17106. [PMID: 30217814 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In higher plants, a P-type proton-pumping ATPase generates the proton-motive force essential for the function of all other transporters and for proper growth and development. X-ray crystallographic studies of the plant plasma membrane proton pump have provided information on amino acids involved in ATP catalysis but provided no information on the structure of the C-terminal regulatory domain. Despite progress in elucidating enzymes involved in the signaling pathways that activate or inhibit this pump, the site of interaction of the C-terminal regulatory domain with the catalytic domains remains a mystery. Genetic studies have pointed to amino acids in various parts of the protein that may be involved, but direct chemical evidence for which ones are specifically interacting with the C terminus is lacking. In this study, we used in vivo cross-linking experiments with a photoreactive unnatural amino acid, p-benzoylphenylalanine, and tandem MS to obtain direct evidence that the C-terminal regulatory domain interacts with amino acids located within the N-terminal actuator domain. Our observations are consistent with a mechanism in which intermolecular, rather than intramolecular, interactions are involved. Our model invokes a "head-to-tail" organization of ATPase monomers in which the C-terminal domain of one ATPase molecule interacts with the actuator domain of another ATPase molecule. This model serves to explain why cross-linked peptides are found only in dimers and trimers, and it is consistent with prior studies suggesting that within the membrane the protein can be organized as homopolymers, including dimers, trimers, and hexamers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao T Nguyen
- From the Biotechnology Center and.,Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - Michael R Sussman
- From the Biotechnology Center and .,Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kienzle C, Basnet N, Crevenna AH, Beck G, Habermann B, Mizuno N, von Blume J. Cofilin recruits F-actin to SPCA1 and promotes Ca2+-mediated secretory cargo sorting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 206:635-54. [PMID: 25179631 PMCID: PMC4151145 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201311052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cofilin CFL-1 recruits actin to the P-type calcium ATPase SPCA1 at the trans-Golgi network, thereby activating the ATPase, promoting Ca2+ influx, and driving secretory cargo sorting. The actin filament severing protein cofilin-1 (CFL-1) is required for actin and P-type ATPase secretory pathway calcium ATPase (SPCA)-dependent sorting of secretory proteins at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). How these proteins interact and activate the pump to facilitate cargo sorting, however, is not known. We used purified proteins to assess interaction of the cytoplasmic domains of SPCA1 with actin and CFL-1. A 132–amino acid portion of the SPCA1 phosphorylation domain (P-domain) interacted with actin in a CFL-1–dependent manner. This domain, coupled to nickel nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) agarose beads, specifically recruited F-actin in the presence of CFL-1 and, when expressed in HeLa cells, inhibited Ca2+ entry into the TGN and secretory cargo sorting. Mutagenesis of four amino acids in SPCA1 that represent the CFL-1 binding site also affected Ca2+ import into the TGN and secretory cargo sorting. Altogether, our findings reveal the mechanism of CFL-1–dependent recruitment of actin to SPCA1 and the significance of this interaction for Ca2+ influx and secretory cargo sorting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nirakar Basnet
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alvaro H Crevenna
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Beck
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bianca Habermann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julia von Blume
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kienzle C, von Blume J. Secretory cargo sorting at the trans-Golgi network. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:584-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
10
|
Rodrigues RB, Sabat G, Minkoff BB, Burch HL, Nguyen TT, Sussman MR. Expression of a translationally fused TAP-tagged plasma membrane proton pump in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochemistry 2014; 53:566-78. [PMID: 24397334 PMCID: PMC3985734 DOI: 10.1021/bi401096m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The Arabidopsis thaliana plasma
membrane proton ATPase genes, AHA1 and AHA2, are the two most highly expressed isoforms of an 11 gene family
and are collectively essential for embryo development. We report the
translational fusion of a tandem affinity-purification tag to the
5′ end of the AHA1 open reading frame in a genomic clone. Stable
expression of TAP-tagged AHA1 in Arabidopsis rescues the embryonic lethal phenotype of endogenous double aha1/aha2 knockdowns. Western blots of SDS-PAGE and Blue
Native gels show enrichment of AHA1 in plasma membrane fractions and
indicate a hexameric quaternary structure. TAP-tagged AHA1 rescue
lines exhibited reduced vertical root growth. Analysis of the plasma
membrane and soluble proteomes identified several plasma membrane-localized
proteins with alterred abundance in TAP-tagged AHA1 rescue lines compared
to wild type. Using affinity-purification mass spectrometry, we uniquely
identified two additional AHA isoforms, AHA9 and AHA11, which copurified
with TAP-tagged AHA1. In conclusion, we have generated transgenic Arabidopsis lines in which a TAP-tagged AHA1 transgene
has complemented all essential endogenous AHA1 and AHA2 functions
and have shown that these plants can be used to purify AHA1 protein
and to identify in planta interacting proteins by
mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin , 425 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Permyakov S, Suzina N, Valiakhmetov A. Activation of H+-ATPase of the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by glucose: the role of sphingolipid and lateral enzyme mobility. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30966. [PMID: 22359558 PMCID: PMC3281057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by glucose is a complex process that has not yet been completely elucidated. This study aimed to shed light on the role of lipids and the lateral mobility of the enzyme complex during its activation by glucose. The significance of H(+)-ATPase oligomerization for the activation of H(+)-ATPase by glucose was shown using the strains lcb1-100 and erg6, with the disturbed synthesis of sphyngolipid and ergosterol, respectively. Experiments with GFP-fused H(+)-ATPase showed a decrease in fluorescence anisotropy during the course of glucose activation, suggesting structural reorganization of the molecular domains. An immunogold assay showed that the incubation with glucose results in the spatial redistribution of ATPase complexes in the plasma membrane. The data suggest that (1) to be activated by glucose, H(+)-ATPase is supposed to be in an oligomeric state, and (2) glucose activation is accompanied by the spatial movements of H(+)-ATPase clusters in the PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Nataliya Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Airat Valiakhmetov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Greie JC. The KdpFABC complex from Escherichia coli: a chimeric K+ transporter merging ion pumps with ion channels. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 90:705-10. [PMID: 21684627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The KdpFABC complex represents a multi-subunit ATP-driven potassium pump, which is only found in bacteria and archaea. Based on the properties of the ATP-hydrolyzing subunit (KdpB) the transporter has been classified as a type IA P-type ATPase. However, structural and functional properties of the remaining subunits clearly show homologies to members of the potassium channel as well as the ABC transporter family, thus rendering the KdpFABC complex to represent an inimitable chimera of ion pumps and ion channels. Accordingly, this striking juxtaposition entails special features of KdpFABC with respect to typical members of each of the transporter families, involving not only the concepts but also the structures of ion channels and ion pumps. For example, the sites of ATP hydrolysis and substrate transport are spatially separated on two different polypeptides, which, in turn, leads to a unique coupling mechanism. During catalysis, the KdpFABC complex cycles between two main conformational states, each of which comprises different structural properties together with different binding affinities for both ATP and the transport substrate. These structural configurations have recently been directly visualized in the working enzyme. Translocation of potassium is mediated by the KdpA subunit, which comprises structural as well as functional homologies to potassium channels of the MPM-type. The KdpC subunit participates in the binding of ATP, thus acting as a catalytic chaperone, which increases the ATP binding affinity of the KdpB subunit via a mechanism typical of nucleotide binding in ABC transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg-Christian Greie
- University of Osnabrück, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Microbiology, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Heitkamp T, Kalinowski R, Böttcher B, Börsch M, Altendorf K, Greie JC. K+-Translocating KdpFABC P-Type ATPase from Escherichia coli Acts as a Functional and Structural Dimer. Biochemistry 2008; 47:3564-75. [DOI: 10.1021/bi702038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heitkamp
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Arbeitsgruppe Mikrobiologie, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany, Scriptor Dokumentations Service GmbH, Krackser Strasse 12C, 33659 Bielefeld, Germany, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, and Physikalisches Institut, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - René Kalinowski
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Arbeitsgruppe Mikrobiologie, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany, Scriptor Dokumentations Service GmbH, Krackser Strasse 12C, 33659 Bielefeld, Germany, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, and Physikalisches Institut, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Arbeitsgruppe Mikrobiologie, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany, Scriptor Dokumentations Service GmbH, Krackser Strasse 12C, 33659 Bielefeld, Germany, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, and Physikalisches Institut, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Börsch
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Arbeitsgruppe Mikrobiologie, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany, Scriptor Dokumentations Service GmbH, Krackser Strasse 12C, 33659 Bielefeld, Germany, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, and Physikalisches Institut, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Altendorf
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Arbeitsgruppe Mikrobiologie, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany, Scriptor Dokumentations Service GmbH, Krackser Strasse 12C, 33659 Bielefeld, Germany, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, and Physikalisches Institut, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg-Christian Greie
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Arbeitsgruppe Mikrobiologie, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany, Scriptor Dokumentations Service GmbH, Krackser Strasse 12C, 33659 Bielefeld, Germany, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, and Physikalisches Institut, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kanczewska J, Marco S, Vandermeeren C, Maudoux O, Rigaud JL, Boutry M. Activation of the plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase by phosphorylation and binding of 14-3-3 proteins converts a dimer into a hexamer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11675-80. [PMID: 16081536 PMCID: PMC1187987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0504498102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PMAs) can be activated by phosphorylation of their penultimate residue (a Thr) and the subsequent binding of regulatory 14-3-3 proteins. Although 14-3-3 proteins usually exist as dimers and can bind two targets, the in vivo effects of their binding on the quaternary structure of H+-ATPases have never been examined. To address this question, we used a Nicotiana tabacum cell line expressing the Nicotiana plumbaginifolia PMA2 isoform with a 6-His tag. The purified PMA2 was mainly nonphosphorylated and 14-3-3-free, and it was shown by blue native gel electrophoresis and chemical cross-linking to exist as a dimer. Fusicoccin treatment of the cells resulted in a dramatic increase in Thr phosphorylation, 14-3-3 binding, and in vivo and in vitro ATPase activity, as well as in the conversion of the dimer into a larger, possibly hexameric, complex. PMA2 phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding were observed also when cells in stationary growth phase were metabolically activated by transfer to fresh medium. When expressed in yeast, PMA2 was also phosphorylated and formed a complex with 14-3-3 proteins without requiring fusicoccin; no complex was observed when phosphorylation was prevented by mutagenesis. Single-particle analysis by cryoelectron microscopy showed that the PMA2-14-3-3 complex is a wheel-like structure with a 6-fold symmetry, suggesting that the activated complex consists of six H+-ATPase molecules and six 14-3-3 molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kanczewska
- Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, University of Louvain, Croix du Sud, 2-20, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lefebvre B, Boutry M, Morsomme P. The yeast and plant plasma membrane H+ pump ATPase: divergent regulation for the same function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 74:203-37. [PMID: 14510077 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(03)01014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Lefebvre
- Unité de biochimie physiologique, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, University of Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Magalhães PP, Paulino TP, Thedei G, Larson RE, Ciancaglini P. A 100 kDa vanadate and lanzoprazole-sensitive ATPase from Streptococcus mutans membrane. Arch Oral Biol 2003; 48:815-24. [PMID: 14596871 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(03)00177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cariogenic potential of Streptococcus mutans is due to the production of organic acids derived from energy metabolism, which implies the need of mechanisms for the organism to tolerate this acidic environment. The F(1)F(o)-ATPase is generally considered as the main enzyme responsible for cytoplasmic proton extrusion, but mutations that resulted in a 50% reduction in F(1)F(o)-ATPase activity in S. mutans still allowed the micro-organism to grow and extrude acid, keeping the intracellular pH one pH unit above the extracellular ambient. This finding suggests the existence of other enzymatic (or cellular) mechanisms that keep the cytosolic pH neutral during micro-organism growth. This paper describes a membrane protein in S. mutans, with a molecular weight of 100 kDa, which exhibits ATPase activity inhibited by classic inhibitors of P-type ATPases (orthovanadate) and H(+),K(+)-ATPase (lanzoprazole), has an optimum pH comparable to other H(+)-ATPases and undergoes phosphorylation during the catalytic reaction, like that of H(+)-ATPases described in yeast and plant plasma membrane. Together, these results strongly suggest that the enzyme we describe here is a P-type H(+)-ATPase or H(+),ion-ATPase that can act in association with F(1)F(o)-ATPase during the growth of the S. mutans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prislaine P Magalhães
- Departamento de Qui;mica, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 14040-901, SP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rhee KH, Scarborough GA, Henderson R. Domain movements of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase: 3D structures of two states by electron cryo-microscopy. EMBO J 2002; 21:3582-9. [PMID: 12110571 PMCID: PMC126128 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
H(+)-ATPase is a P-type ATPase that transports protons across membranes using the energy from ATP hydrolysis. This hydrolysis is coupled to a conformational change between states of the protein, in which the proton-binding site is alternately accessible to the two sides of the membrane with an altered affinity. When isolated from Neurospora crassa, H(+)-ATPase is a 600 kDa hexamer of identical 100 kDa polypeptides. We have obtained the three-dimensional structures of both ligand-free and Mg(2+)/ADP-bound states of this complex using single-particle electron cryo- microscopy. Structural comparisons, together with the difference map, indicate that there is a rearrangement of the cytoplasmic domain on Mg(2+)/ADP binding, which consists of a movement of mass towards the 6-fold axis causing the structure to become more compact, accompanied by a modest conformational change in the transmembrane domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Hi Rhee
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK and
The University of North Carolina, Department of Pharmacology, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Gene A. Scarborough
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK and
The University of North Carolina, Department of Pharmacology, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee MCS, Hamamoto S, Schekman R. Ceramide biosynthesis is required for the formation of the oligomeric H+-ATPase Pma1p in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:22395-401. [PMID: 11950838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m200450200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase Pma1p is one of the most abundant proteins to traverse the secretory pathway. Newly synthesized Pma1p exits the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via COPII-coated vesicles bound for the Golgi. Unlike most secreted proteins, efficient incorporation of Pma1p into COPII vesicles requires the Sec24p homolog Lst1p, suggesting a unique role for Lst1p in ER export. Vesicles formed with mixed Sec24p-Lst1p coats are larger than those with Sec24p alone. Here, we examined the relationship between Pma1p biosynthesis and the requirement for this novel coat subunit. We show that Pma1p forms a large oligomeric complex of >1 MDa in the ER, which is packaged into COPII vesicles. Furthermore, oligomerization of Pma1p is linked to membrane lipid composition; Pma1p is rendered monomeric in cells depleted of ceramide, suggesting that association with lipid rafts may influence oligomerization. Surprisingly, monomeric Pma1p present in ceramide-deficient membranes can be exported from the ER in COPII vesicles in a reaction that is stimulated by Lst1p. We suggest that Lst1p directly conveys Pma1p into a COPII vesicle and that the larger size of mixed Sec24pLst1p COPII vesicles is not essential to the packaging of large oligomeric complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus C S Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ferreira T, Mason AB, Slayman CW. The yeast Pma1 proton pump: a model for understanding the biogenesis of plasma membrane proteins. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:29613-6. [PMID: 11404364 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r100022200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Ferreira
- Departments of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vitart V, Baxter I, Doerner P, Harper JF. Evidence for a role in growth and salt resistance of a plasma membrane H+-ATPase in the root endodermis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 27:191-201. [PMID: 11532165 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane of plant cells is energized by an electrochemical gradient produced by P-type H+-ATPases (proton pumps). These pumps are encoded by at least 12 genes in Arabidopsis. Here we provide evidence that isoform AHA4 contributes to solute transport through the root endodermis. AHA4 is expressed most strongly in the root endodermis and flowers, as suggested by promoter-GUS reporter assays. A disruption of this pump (aha4-1) was identified as a T-DNA insertion in the middle of the gene (after VFP(574)). Truncated aha4-1 transcripts accumulate to approximately 50% of the level observed for AHA4 mRNA in wild-type plants. Plants homozygous for aha4-1 (-/-) show a subtle reduction in root and shoot growth compared with wild-type plants when grown under normal conditions. However, a mutant phenotype is very clear in plants grown under salt stress (e.g., 75 or 110 mM NaCl). In leaves of mutant plants subjected to Na stress, the ratio of Na to K increased 4-5-fold. Interestingly, the aha4-1 mutation appears to be semidominant and was only partially complemented by the introduction of additional wild-type copies of AHA4. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that aha4-1 may produce a dominant negative protein or RNA that partially disrupts the activity of other pumps or functions in the root endodermal tissue, thereby compromising the function of this cell layer in controlling ion homeostasis and nutrient transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Vitart
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jahn T, Dietrich J, Andersen B, Leidvik B, Otter C, Briving C, Kühlbrandt W, Palmgren MG. Large scale expression, purification and 2D crystallization of recombinant plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase. J Mol Biol 2001; 309:465-76. [PMID: 11371165 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
P-type ATPases convert chemical energy into electrochemical gradients that are used to energize secondary active transport. Analysis of the structure and function of P-type ATPases has been limited by the lack of active recombinant ATPases in quantities suitable for crystallographic studies aiming at solving their three-dimensional structure. We have expressed Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane H+-ATPase isoform AHA2, equipped with a His(6)-tag, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The H+-ATPase could be purified both in the presence and in the absence of regulatory 14-3-3 protein depending on the presence of the diterpene fusicoccin which specifically induces formation of the H+-ATPase/14-3-3 protein complex. Amino acid analysis of the purified complex suggested a stoichiometry of two 14-3-3 proteins per H+-ATPase polypeptide. The purified H(+)-ATPase readily formed two-dimensional crystals following reconstitution into lipid vesicles. Electron cryo-microscopy of the crystals yielded a projection map at approximately 8 A resolution, the p22(1)2(1) symmetry of which suggests a dimeric protein complex. Three distinct regions of density of approximately equal size are apparent and may reflect different domains in individual molecules of AHA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Jahn
- Department of Plant Biology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Morsomme P, Slayman CW, Goffeau A. Mutagenic study of the structure, function and biogenesis of the yeast plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1469:133-57. [PMID: 11063881 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4157(00)00015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Morsomme
- Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morsomme P, Boutry M. The plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase: structure, function and regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1465:1-16. [PMID: 10748244 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The proton-pumping ATPase (H(+)-ATPase) of the plant plasma membrane generates the proton motive force across the plasma membrane that is necessary to activate most of the ion and metabolite transport. In recent years, important progress has been made concerning the identification and organization of H(+)-ATPase genes, their expression, and also the kinetics and regulation of individual H(+)-ATPase isoforms. At the gene level, it is now clear that H(+)-ATPase is encoded by a family of approximately 10 genes. Expression, monitored by in situ techniques, has revealed a specific distribution pattern for each gene; however, this seems to differ between species. In the near future, we can expect regulatory aspects of gene expression to be elucidated. Already the expression of individual plant H(+)-ATPases in yeast has shown them to have distinct enzymatic properties. It has also allowed regulatory aspects of this enzyme to be studied through random and site-directed mutagenesis, notably its carboxy-terminal region. Studies performed with both plant and yeast material have converged towards deciphering the way phosphorylation and binding of regulatory 14-3-3 proteins intervene in the modification of H(+)-ATPase activity. The production of high quantities of individual functional H(+)-ATPases in yeast constitutes an important step towards crystallization studies to derive structural information. Understanding the specific roles of H(+)-ATPase isoforms in whole plant physiology is another challenge that has been approached recently through the phenotypic analysis of the first transgenic plants in which the expression of single H(+)-ATPases has been up- or down-regulated. In conclusion, the progress made recently concerning the H(+)-ATPase family, at both the gene and protein level, has come to a point where we can now expect a more integrated investigation of the expression, function and regulation of individual H(+)-ATPases in the whole plant context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Morsomme
- Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 2-20, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The P-type ATPases are integral membrane proteins that generate essential transmembrane ion gradients in virtually all living cells. The structures of two of these have recently been elucidated at a resolution of 8 A. When considered together with the large body of biochemical information that has accrued for these transporters and for enzymes in general, this new structural information is providing tantalizing insights regarding the molecular mechanism of active ion transport catalyzed by these proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Scarborough
- Department of Pharmacology, CB 7365 Mary Ellen Jones Building, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Goormaghtigh E, Raussens V, Ruysschaert JM. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy of proteins and lipids in biological membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1422:105-85. [PMID: 10393271 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4157(99)00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Goormaghtigh
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique des Macromolécules aux Interfaces, P. O. Box 206/2, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed exciting progress in studies on the biosynthesis of cellulose. In the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum, discovery of the activator of the cellulose synthase, cyclic diguanylic acid, opened the way for obtaining high rates of in vitro synthesis of cellulose. This, in turn, led to purification of the cellulose synthase and for the cloning of genes that encode the catalytic subunit and other proteins that bind the activator and regulate its synthesis and degradation, or that control secretion and crystallization of the microfibrils. In higher plants, a family of genes has been discovered that show interesting similarities and differences from the gene in bacteria that encodes the catalytic subunit of the synthase. Genetic evidence now supports the concept that members of this family encode the catalytic subunit in these organisms, with various members showing tissue-specific expression. Although the cellulose synthase has not yet been purified to homogeneity from plants, recent progress in this area suggests that this will soon be accomplished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah P. Delmer
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616; e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Auer M, Scarborough GA, Kühlbrandt W. Surface crystallisation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase on a carbon support film for electron crystallography. J Mol Biol 1999; 287:961-8. [PMID: 10222203 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Large two-dimensional crystals of H+-ATPase, a 100 kDa integral membrane protein, were grown directly onto the carbon surface of an electron microscope grid. This procedure prevented the fragmentation that is normally observed upon transfer of the crystals from the air-water interface to a continuous carbon support film. Crystals grown by this method measure approximately 5 microm across and have a thickness of approximately 240 A. They are of better quality than the monolayers previously obtained at the air-water interface, yielding structure factors to at least 8 A in-plane resolution by electron image processing. Unlike most other two-dimensional crystals of membrane proteins they do not contain a lipid bilayer, but consist of detergent-protein micelles of H+-ATPase hexamers tightly packed on a trigonal lattice. The crystals belong to the two-sided plane group p321 (a=b=165 A), containing two layers of hexamers related by an in-plane axis of 2-fold symmetry. The protein is in contact with the carbon surface through its large, hydrophilic 70 kDa cytoplasmic portion, yet due to the presence of detergent in the crystallizing buffer, the hydrophobicity of the carbon surface does not appear to affect crystal formation. Surface crystallisation may be a useful method for other proteins which form fragile two-dimensional crystals, in particular if conditions for obtaining three-dimensional crystals are known, but their quality or stability is insufficient for X-ray structure determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Auer
- Abt. Strukturbiologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 7, Frankfurt am Main, D-60528, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Electron cryocrystallography of precipitant-induced two-dimensional surface crystals of the neurospora plasma membrane H+ - ATPase and tubular crystals of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase has recently yielded structure maps for these ion transporters at a resolution of about 8 A. The membrane-embedded regions of these closely related enzymes are similar, but the cytoplasmic regions appear to be significantly different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Kühlbrandt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Abteilung Strukturbiologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Auer M, Scarborough GA, Kühlbrandt W. Three-dimensional map of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in the open conformation. Nature 1998; 392:840-3. [PMID: 9572146 DOI: 10.1038/33967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The H+-ATPase from the plasma membrane of Neurospora crassa is an integral membrane protein of relative molecular mass 100K, which belongs to the P-type ATPase family that includes the plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase and the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. The H+-ATPase pumps protons across the cell's plasma membrane using ATP as an energy source, generating a membrane potential in excess of 200mV. Despite the importance of P-type ATPases in controlling membrane potential and intracellular ion concentrations, little is known about the molecular mechanism they use for ion transport. This is largely due to the difficulty in growing well ordered crystals and the resulting lack of detail in the three-dimensional structure of these large membrane proteins. We have now obtained a three-dimensional map of the H+-ATPase by electron crystallography of two-dimensional crystals grown directly on electron microscope grids. At an in-plane resolution of 8 A, this map reveals ten membrane-spanning alpha-helices in the membrane domain, and four major cytoplasmic domains in the open conformation of the enzyme without bound ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Abteilung Strukturbiologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- G A Scarborough
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mahanty SK, Scarborough GA. Site-directed mutagenesis of the cysteine residues in the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:367-71. [PMID: 8550588 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.1.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-yield yeast expression system for site-directed mutagenesis of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase has recently been reported (Mahanty, S. K., Rao, U. S., Nicholas, R. A., and Scarborough, G. A. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17705-17712). Using this system, each of the eight cysteine residues in the ATPase was changed to a serine or an alanine residue, producing strains C148S and C148A, C376S and C376A, C409S and C409A, C472S and C472A, C532S and C532A, C545S and C545A, C840S and C840A, and C869S and C869A, respectively. With the exception of C376S and C532S, all of the mutant ATPases are able to support the growth of yeast cells to different extents, indicating that they are functional. The C376S and C532S enzymes appear to be non-functional. After solubilization of the functional mutant ATPase molecules from isolated membranes with lysolecithin, all behaved similar to the native enzyme when subjected to glycerol density gradient centrifugation, indicating that they fold in a natural manner. The kinetic properties of these mutant enzymes were also similar to the native ATPase with the exception of C409A, which has a substantially higher Km. These results clearly indicate that none of the eight cysteine residues in the H(+)-ATPase molecule are essential for ATPase activity, but that Cys376, Cys409, and Cys532 may be in or near important sites. They also demonstrate that the previously described disulfide bridge between Cys148 and Cys840 or Cys869 plays no obvious role in the structure or function of this membrane transport enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Mahanty
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vigneron L, Scarborough GA, Ruysschaert JM, Goormaghtigh E. Reconstitution of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H(+)-adenosine triphosphatase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1236:95-104. [PMID: 7794959 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(95)00028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The purified H(+)-ATPase of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane has been reconstituted by a gel filtration method into lipidic vesicles using sodium deoxycholate as the detergent. Reconstitution was performed for lipid/ATPase ratios ranging from 1000:1 to 5:1 (w/w). Whatever the lipid/ATPase ratio, the ATPase molecules completely associate with the lipid vesicles. The ATPase specific activity is identical for all proteoliposomes regardless of the lipid/ATPase ratio, but the H+ transport decreases at high protein/lipid ratios, suggesting that the proteoliposomes are more leaky to H+ as the amount of protein inserted into the lipidic membrane increases. Analysis of the fragments generated by trypsin proteolysis in the presence and in the absence of MgATP+ vanadate indicate that most of the reconstituted ATPase molecules are able to assume the transition state of the enzyme dephosphorylation reaction, and are therefore functional. The orientation (inside-out or rightside-out) of the ATPase molecules in the vesicles is independent of the lipid/ATPase ratio chosen for the reconstitution. For all the lipid/ATPase ratios tested, most of the ATPase molecules (> 99%) expose their cytoplasmic side to the outside of the reconstituted proteoliposomes. The size of the vesicles increases parallel to the ATPase amount. Although the H+ leakiness of our preparation at low lipid/protein ratios prevents proton pumping measurements, the reconstitution procedure described here has the main advantage on other procedures to allow the obtention of vesicles at high protein-to-lipid ratios, facilitating further structural characterization of the ATPase by biochemical and biophysical techniques. Therefore, the procedure described here could be of general interest in the field of membrane protein study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Vigneron
- Laboratoire des Macromolécules aux Interfaces, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tertiary conformational changes of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase monitored by hydrogen/deuterium exchange kinetics. A Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy approach. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
34
|
High yield expression of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
35
|
Chapter 4 The Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H+ -ATPase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
36
|
Addison R. Studies on the sedimentation behavior of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase synthesized in vitro and integrated into homologous microsomal membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1030:127-33. [PMID: 2148269 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(90)90247-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RNA transcripts that encoded the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase (pma+), a polytopic integral membrane protein, and the pma+344, a truncated pma+ with the amino terminal 344 amino acids, were translated in a N. crassa in vitro system. The microsomal membranes integrated products were insensitive to extraction by Na2CO3 (pH 11.5). The velocity sedimentation behavior of the in vitro synthesized pma+ were examined under various conditions. The pma+ migrated on linear sucrose gradients as aggregates which were heterogeneous in size, in the regions of 9-13 S; whereas, these values were reduced when Triton X-100 was presence in the gradients. The formation of these aggregates is interpreted to suggest a mechanism that maintains this polytopic integral membrane protein in a soluble form until it is targeted to the membranes. The sedimentation coefficient of the Triton X-100 solubilized microsomal membranes integrated pma+ corresponded roughly to a monomer of the pma+. Furthermore, a comparison of the trypsin cleavage patterns of the in vitro synthesized pma+ and of the microsomal membranes integrated pma+ suggest that they have different tertiary, or quaternary, structures. The latter did not give the characteristic trypsin cleavage patterns that have been observed for the native pma+ in the presence of its ligands MgATP and vanadate (Addison, R. and Scarborough, G.A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 10421-10426). This was interpreted to suggest that the microsomal membranes integrated pma+ cannot interact with its substrate, suggesting that it is catalytically inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Addison
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis 38163
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The plasma membrane H+-ATPase of higher plant cells: biochemistry and transport function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90129-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
38
|
Huang LS, Berry EA. Purification and characterization of the proton translocating plasma membrane ATPase of red beet storage tissue. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1039:241-52. [PMID: 2142002 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(90)90192-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membranes were prepared from red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) storage tissue by partition in an aqueous two-phase system. A highly active proton-translocating ATPase was purified from these membranes by lysophosphatidylcholine extraction and glycerol density gradient centrifugation. The ATPase activity was inhibited by vanadate or dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, but was insensitive to azide, nitrate and molybdate at concentrations which inhibit the F1ATPase, the tonoplast ATPase, and acid phosphatase. Inhibition by vanadate was consistent with a non-competitive mechanism, with Ki = 10 microM. The Km for Mg-ATP was about 1 mM, magnesium ions were required, and the activity was stimulated by KCl and by lysophosphatidylcholine. The optimal pH was 6.5. The molecular mass by gel filtration in the presence of 2 g/liter octyl glucoside was 600 kDa, while dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis gave a polypeptide molecular mass of 100 kDa. After blotting onto nitrocellulose, the purified enzyme did not bind concanavalin A, although a concanavalin A-binding peptide of the plasma membrane runs to nearly the same position on the gel and showed some tendency to co-purify with the ATPase. Phospholipid vesicles into which the purified ATPase had been incorporated by the freeze-thaw technique showed vanadate-sensitive, ATP-dependent proton uptake. When the ATPase was reconstituted into lipid membranes at high protein to lipid ratios and incubated with ATP, two-dimensionally crystalline arrays of protein molecules were formed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Huang
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chemical state of the cysteine residues in the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
40
|
Hennessey JP, Scarborough GA. Direct evidence for the cytoplasmic location of the NH2- and COOH-terminal ends of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H+-ATPase. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
41
|
Nakamoto RK, Slayman CW. Molecular properties of the fungal plasma-membrane [H+]-ATPase. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1989; 21:621-32. [PMID: 2531740 DOI: 10.1007/bf00808117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The fungal plasma membrane contains a proton-translocating ATPase that is closely related, both structurally and functionally, to the [Na+, K+]-, [H+, K+]-, and [Ca2+]-ATPases of animal cells, the plasma-membrane [H+]-ATPase of higher plants, and several bacterial cation-transporting ATPases. This review summarizes currently available information on the molecular genetics, protein structure, and reaction cycle of the fungal enzyme. Recent efforts to dissect structure-function relationships are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Nakamoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lai FA, Misra M, Xu L, Smith HA, Meissner G. The Ryanodine Receptor-Ca2+ Release Channel Complex of Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
43
|
Bidwai AP, Morjana NA, Scarborough GA. Studies on the active site of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H+-ATPase with periodate-oxidized nucleotides. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)80135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
44
|
Subrahmanyeswara Rao U, Hennessey JP, Scarborough GA. Protein chemistry of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Anal Biochem 1988; 173:251-64. [PMID: 2903697 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(88)90187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A highly effective procedure for fragmenting the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H+-ATPase and purifying the resulting peptides is described. The enzyme is cleaved with trypsin to form a limit digest containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptides, and the hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptides are then separated by extraction with an aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solution. The hydrophilic peptides are fractionated by Sephadex G-25 column chromatography into three pools, and the individual peptides in each pool are purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The hydrophobic peptides are dissolved in neat trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), diluted with chloroform-methanol (1:1), and the hydrophobic peptide solution thus obtained is then fractionated by Sephadex LH-60 column chromatography in chloroform-methanol (1:1) containing 0.1% TFA. The recoveries in all of the above procedures are greater than 90%. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of three of the hydrophobic H+-ATPase peptides purified by this methodology have been determined, which establishes the position of these peptides in the 100,000 Da polypeptide chain by reference to the published gene sequence, and documents the sequencability of the hydrophobic peptides purified in this way. This methodology should facilitate the identification of a variety of amino acid residues important for the structure and function of the H+-ATPase molecule. Moreover, the overall strategy for working with the protein chemistry of the H+-ATPase should be applicable to other amphiphilic integral membrane proteins as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Subrahmanyeswara Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hennessey JP, Scarborough GA. Secondary structure of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane H+-ATPase as estimated by circular dichroism. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)69044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
46
|
Serrano R. Structure and function of proton translocating ATPase in plasma membranes of plants and fungi. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 947:1-28. [PMID: 2894226 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(88)90017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Serrano
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg (F.R.G.)
| |
Collapse
|