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Yin A, Margolis HC, Grogan J, Yao Y, Troxler RF, Oppenheim FG. Physical parameters of hydroxyapatite adsorption and effect on candidacidal activity of histatins. Arch Oral Biol 2003; 48:361-8. [PMID: 12711380 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(03)00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Histatins 1, 3 and 5 are the major members of a histidine-rich protein family present in human salivary secretions. These proteins are distinct from many salivary proteins in their high positive charge density at neutral pH, and their antibacterial and antifungal properties. In this study, the hydroxyapatite adsorption characteristics of histatin 1, containing a single phosphoserine residue, recombinantly expressed histatin 1, native histatin 3, synthetic histatin 5 and an internal 12-residue sequence of histatin 5 were investigated. A Langmuir-type model was used to analyse the adsorption. A comparison of the affinities and binding sites of phosphorylated and recombinant histatin 1 provided an estimate of the positive influence of the single phosphoseryl group on mineral adsorption. Furthermore, an apparent correlation was shown to exist between peptide chain length and the number of binding sites. The influence of histatin 5 adsorption on its anticandidal activity was also investigated by performing Candida albicans killing assays with histatin 5 and histatin 5/hydroxyapatite suspensions. A decrease in killing activity was observed with the increase of hydroxyapatite present. The results suggest that the anticandidal properties of histatin 5 could be impaired by the conformations resulting from mineral adsorption, or that putative cellular receptors necessary for candidacidal activity are inaccessible when histatin 5 is adsorbed on hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yin
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Suite W201, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118-2392, USA
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Abstract
The author pays tribute to the contributions of Michael J. Levine to the field of salivary biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, 109 Foster Hall, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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3
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Goto T, Suzuki Y, Wada A, Nozawa I, Sato S, Kawai S, Mizushima Y. A Novel Approach for Gene Medicine: Synthetic Poly-L-lysine/serine Copolymer Enhances Bioactivity of Antisense Oligonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319708006238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Scannapieco FA, Torres GI, Levine MJ. Salivary amylase promotes adhesion of oral streptococci to hydroxyapatite. J Dent Res 1995; 74:1360-6. [PMID: 7560386 DOI: 10.1177/00220345950740070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that several species of oral streptococci, such as Streptococcus gordonii, bind soluble salivary alpha-amylase. The goal of the present study was to determine if amylase immobilized onto a surface such as hydroxyapatite can serve as an adhesion receptor for S. gordonii. Initially, human parotid saliva was fractionated on Bio-Gel P60, and fractions were screened for their ability to promote adhesion of S. gordonii to hydroxyapatite. Fractions containing alpha-amylase and proline-rich proteins promoted the adhesion of [3H]-labeled S. gordonii to hydroxyapatite. Similar findings were obtained with purified amylase and acidic proline-rich protein 1 (PRP1). Incubation of S. gordonii G9B in the presence of starch and maltotriose increased the binding of this strain to amylase-coated hydroxyapatite, while the adhesion of S. sanguis 10556 to amylase-coated hydroxyapatite was not affected by these saccharides. These results suggest that amylase may serve as a hydroxyapatite pellicle receptor for amylase-binding streptococci. Furthermore, starch and starch metabolites may enhance the adhesion of amylase-binding streptococci to amylase in dental pellicles to augment the formation of dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo 14214, USA
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5
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Nesbitt WE, Beem JE, Leung KP, Clark WB. Isolation and characterization of Actinomyces viscosus mutants defective in binding salivary proline-rich proteins. Infect Immun 1992; 60:1095-100. [PMID: 1347286 PMCID: PMC257599 DOI: 10.1128/iai.60.3.1095-1100.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have provided evidence for human salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) serving as potential receptors in the acquired pellicle for Actinomyces viscosus type 1 fimbriae. We report here the isolation of mutants derived from A. viscosus T14V-J1 which are defective in binding to PRPs partially purified from parotid gland saliva. Mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate preceded enrichment for cells nonreactive with PRPs by successive adsorptions with PRP-treated latex beads. Screening was accomplished by random selection of 250 isolated colonies from each of four enrichment cycles and reaction with PRP-treated latex beads in microtiter plates. Two mutants of independent origin were examined for adherence to hydroxyapatite treated with either PRPs, proline-rich glycoproteins, deglycosylated proline-rich glycoproteins, or whole saliva. Additional surface properties that were examined included agglutination with polyclonal antisera to type 1 and type 2 fimbriae, agglutination by a monoclonal antibody to type 1 fimbriae that inhibits adherence of the parent strain to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite, the ability to bind monoclonal antibody to the type 1 fimbrial subunit, and lactose-reversible coaggregation with Streptococcus sanguis 34. Both mutants exhibited reduced binding to hydroxyapatite treated with whole saliva or salivary protein preparations but were still capable of reaction with antiserum to type 1 and type 2 fimbriae. In addition, these mutants possessed the ability to bind monoclonal antibody to the type 1 fimbrial subunit in amounts comparable to the amount bound by the parent strain but were not agglutinated by the adherence-inhibiting monoclonal antibody. When considered with previously published data, these results suggest that an adhesive molecule is probably associated with type 1 fimbriae and allows for the interaction of A. viscosus with constituents in the salivary pellicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Nesbitt
- Periodontal Disease Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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Gans RF, Watson GE, Tabak LA. A new assessment in vitro of human salivary lubrication using a compliant substrate. Arch Oral Biol 1990; 35:487-92. [PMID: 2222251 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(90)90077-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The lubrication effect of salivary secretions was assessed in terms of separating a rigid object from a compliant substrate. There was little difference among the various secretions of a single donor. The viscosity of salivas increased as a function of time. Neither the friction testing nor viscometry provided an adequate model of the tissue-coating function ascribed to saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Gans
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, NY 14642
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Clark WB, Beem JE, Nesbitt WE, Cisar JO, Tseng CC, Levine MJ. Pellicle receptors for Actinomyces viscosus type 1 fimbriae in vitro. Infect Immun 1989; 57:3003-8. [PMID: 2570751 PMCID: PMC260762 DOI: 10.1128/iai.57.10.3003-3008.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinomyces viscosus T14V-J1 and its fimbria-deficient mutant strain possessing type 1 fimbriae strongly aggregated with latex beads treated with acidic proline-rich protein 1, basic proline-rich proteins, and proline-rich glycoprotein and its deglycosylated derivative. These type 1+ strains did not aggregate with latex beads treated with other proteins, such as salivary amylase, salivary histidine-rich polypeptides, laminin, type 1 collagen, fibronectin, or C1q. The type 1+ strains also adsorbed well to experimental pellicles formed with acidic proline-rich protein 1, basic proline-rich proteins, and proline-rich glycoprotein and its deglycosylated derivative on hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces. These interactions were inhibited with immunoglobulins and Fabs specific for type 1 fimbriae. Type 1- actinomyces exhibited feeble adsorption to latex beads or HA treated with any of the aforementioned proteins. Collectively, these data indicate that actinomyces type 1 fimbriae may specifically interact with several proline-rich salivary molecules, forming experimental pellicles on HA or polystyrene surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Clark
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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Minaguchi K, Suzuki K. Genetic polymorphisms of the Pmo1 and Pmo2 salivary proteins detected by the modified protein staining method. Ann Hum Genet 1988; 52:177-87. [PMID: 3250329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1988.tb01095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two polymorphic proteins, Pmo1 and Pmo2, were found in human parotid saliva by modifying the protein staining method of Sung & Smithies (1969). The inheritance of each polymorphism was controlled by a dominant allele at an autosomal locus. This hypothesis was supported by studies in 50 families including 103 children. The gene frequencies were Pmo1+ = 0.308, Pmo1- = 0.692, Pmo2+ = 0.026, Pmo2- = 0.974. The Pmo1 and Pmo2 proteins reacted immunologically with antisera prepared to salivary proline-rich proteins (Pr and Gl). The isoelectric point was in excess of 8.58. These results showed that the Pmo1 and Pmo2 proteins belong to the basic proline-rich proteins in human parotid saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Minaguchi
- Department of Forensic Odontology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba City, Japan
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Loomis RE, Bhandary KK, Tseng CC, Bergey EJ, Levine MJ. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and computer-stimulated structural analyses of a heptapeptide sequence found around the N-glycosylation site of a proline-rich glycoprotein from human parotid saliva. Biophys J 1987; 51:193-203. [PMID: 3828456 PMCID: PMC1329880 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(87)83325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proline-rich glycoprotein from human parotid saliva has a common heptapeptide sequence around four of six N-glycosylation sites (Maeda, N., H. S. Kim, E. A. Azen, and O. J. Smithies, 1985, J. Biol. Chem., 20:11123-11130). A synthetic model of the heptamer protein sequence, NH2-Q(1)-G(2)-G(3)-N(4)-Q(5)-S(6)-Q(7)-CONH2, was examined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and the ECEPP/2-VAO4A (Empirical Conformation Energy Program for Peptides) energy minimization computer algorithm (Scheraga, H. A., 1982, Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange, 454; Powell, M. J. D., 1964, Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange, 60). The NMR spectrum was almost completely assigned in dimethylsulfoxide-d6 (DMSO), and the amide chemical shift temperature dependence, phi dihedral angles, and chi 1 rotamer populations elucidated. These data indicated that a significant population of the heptamer could exist as a type I beta-turn [4----1 between Q(5) and G(2)] and/or a type II' beta-turn [4----1 between (Q)5 and G(2) and/or a gamma-turn [3----1 between Q(5) and G(3)] with the amino acid chi 1 torsion angles weighted toward the gauche- conformation. Starting from these three possible conformations, the ECEPP/2-VAO4A rigid geometry energy minimization program was used to find the localized predominant in vacuo structures of this heptapeptide sequence. The type II' beta-turn conformation best fits the data based on internuclear hydrogen-bonding distances, minimum potential energy considerations, and the NMR parameters.
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Slomiany BL, Kosmala M, Nadziejko C, Murty VL, Gwozdzinski K, Slomiany A, Mandel ID. Lipid composition and viscosity of parotid saliva in Sjögren syndrome in man. Arch Oral Biol 1986; 31:699-702. [PMID: 3477215 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(86)90100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extraction of the dialysed and lyophilized saliva of patients with this syndrome by chloroform-methanol yielded 15.9 +/- 2.4 mg of lipid/100 ml of secretion, a level 2-times higher than in normal individuals. The saliva of such patients also had 3-times more glycolipid and 20-times more phospholipid than normal, but differences in the content of neutral lipids were less apparent. The neutral lipids, however, had higher proportions of glycerides, and lower proportions of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters than normal. Viscosity measurements, made with a cone/plate viscometer at shear rates between 1.15 and 230 s-1, revealed similarities between the saliva of normal individuals and Sjögren's syndrome.
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Loomis RE, Bergey EJ, Levine MJ, Tabak LA. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopic analyses of a proline-rich glycoprotein from human parotid saliva. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1985; 26:621-9. [PMID: 4093242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1985.tb03220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A proline-rich glycoprotein (PRG) was isolated from human parotid saliva and examined by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. Addition of guanidine hydrochloride to PRG labeled with an extrinsic dansyl probe had no effect on the fluorescence spectra's 511 nm lambda-max location. Thermodynamic calculations supported the contention that PRG has no significant tertiary structure. Circular dichroism results for PRG were simulated by computer and a secondary structure composed of 70% random coil and 30% beta-form conformation was predicted. Circular dichroism of PRG failed to detect either poly-L-proline type I or II structures. Deglycosylation of PRG had no measurable effect on the circular dichroism spectrum, indicating that the carbohydrate side chains had little influence on PRG secondary structure. Based upon mathematical calculations, beta-turns were predicted around three glycosylated Asn residues of PRG. These collective data suggest that PRG is composed of a disordered polypeptide chain with at least three of the N-linked Asn residues participating in some type of beta-turn.
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Hatton MN, Loomis RE, Levine MJ, Tabak LA. Masticatory lubrication. The role of carbohydrate in the lubricating property of a salivary glycoprotein-albumin complex. Biochem J 1985; 230:817-20. [PMID: 4062880 PMCID: PMC1152688 DOI: 10.1042/bj2300817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time a masticatory-lubrication assay system to assess the lubricating properties of salivary constituents. The lubricating ability of the proline-rich glycoprotein (PRG) of parotid saliva was enhanced by human serum albumin. The interactive effect of albumin was abolished by chemically deglycosylating the glycoprotein. Fluorescence spectroscopy with a hydrophobic probe verified the existence of a PRG-albumin complex and demonstrated that deglycosylation of the PRG altered the nature of its interaction with albumin.
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Mednieks MI, Hand AR. Microheterogeneity of rat parotid gland proteins after chronic treatment with isoproterenol. J Dent Res 1984; 63:87-93. [PMID: 6319463 DOI: 10.1177/00220345840630021601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two ultrasensitive methods were employed to determine the effect of repeated in vivo stimulation with isoproterenol on the protein composition of parotid acinar cells. Silver staining showed electrophoretic banding pattern changes in a wide range of cellular proteins during and after multiple injections of the beta-adrenergic agonist. Photo-affinity labeling with [32P]-N3-cyclic AMP showed the disappearance and eventual return (after discontinuation of the injections) of the cellular cyclic AMP-binding proteins as measurable cellular components. These findings indicate that major translation-associated changes may occur in target cell protein composition both during and after hormonal stimulation.
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Slomiany BL, Witas H, Murty VL, Slomiany A, Mandel ID. Association of lipids with proteins and glycoproteins in human saliva. J Dent Res 1983; 62:24-7. [PMID: 6571849 DOI: 10.1177/00220345830620010601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of lipids in the fractions of parotid and submandibular saliva following Bio-Gel A-50 column chromatography was measured. Over 50% of the total lipids of submandibular saliva was found in the fraction which contained mainly the high-molecular-weight glycoprotein. This fraction also contained most of the glycolipids, free fatty acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol. In the parotid saliva, the fraction containing the basic glycoprotein (the major glycoprotein fraction of parotid saliva) contained 35% of the total saliva lipids and was enriched in phospholipids ana cholesterol esters.
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Kauffman DL, Keller PJ. Relationship of the basic glycoprotein to the basic proline-rich proteins in human parotid saliva. Arch Oral Biol 1983; 28:61-7. [PMID: 6575738 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(83)90027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Shomers JP, Tabak LA, Levine MJ, Mandel ID, Ellison SA. The isolation of a family of cysteine-containing phosphoproteins from human submandibular-sublingual saliva. J Dent Res 1982; 61:973-7. [PMID: 6955341 DOI: 10.1177/00220345820610081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A family of acidic proteins has been isolated from human submandibular-sublingual saliva using Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, DE-52 cellulose chromatography, and immuno-affinity chromatography. These molecules were homogenous in size and by immunological criteria, but exhibited charge heterogeneity. The heterogeneity displayed was not due to gustatory stimulation or degradation during isolation procedures.
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Reddy MS, Levine MJ, Tabak LA. Structure of the carbohydrate chains of the proline-rich glycoprotein from human parotid saliva. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982; 104:882-8. [PMID: 7073733 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(82)91331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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