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Campbell JW. Mitochondrial ammonia metabolism and the proton-neutral theory of hepatic ammonia detoxication. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1997; 278:308-21. [PMID: 9216074 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(19970801)278:5<308::aid-jez5>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
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2
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Lund P, Wiggins D. Maintenance of energy-linked functions in rat liver mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1018:98-102. [PMID: 2115810 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90115-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
EGTA and EDTA are compared with respect to their ability to preserve ATP-requiring reactions in rat liver mitochondria. The presence of EGTA sustains the high ATP requirement of citrulline synthesis. EDTA does not, even with excess Mg2+. Carboxylation of pyruvate, which has a lower ATP demand, is not influenced by the type of chelating agent. In mitochondria stored for 24 h at 4 degrees C, EGTA is more effective than EDTA in preventing loss of these energy-linked functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lund
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, U.K
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Ebner K, Couri D. Aroclor 1254 treatment and fasting influences on rat liver mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate synthesis with ADP and ATP. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1988; 96:75-84. [PMID: 3142101 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(88)90249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture, Aroclor 1254 (ARO), -induced wasting in male rats is associated with increased permeability of hepatic mitochondria. This was correlated with hyperuremia and stimulated urea synthesis, hypoglycemia and suppressed glucogenesis after an ammonium acetate injection, and decreased retention of assimilated nitrogen and food intake. For ARO-toxic rats (100 mg/kg, ip, for 1, 2, and 4 days) versus Tween 80-treated, ad libitum-fed controls, mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate (CP) formation (the initial step in urea synthesis from NH4+) was progressively stimulated for the duration of treatment from NH4+ and ATP but not from NH4+ and ADP. ARO maximal stimulation of CP formation also correlated with significant loss in body weight. Mitochondrial ornithine transcarbamoylase synthesis of citrulline from ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate was also stimulated. In comparison to fasted rats (24 hr), mitochondrial CP synthesis from NH4+ was enhanced with ADP but not with ATP. This ARO uncoupling of mitochondrial NH4+ metabolism and stimulation of CP formation with exogenous ATP and citrulline synthesis may have resulted from increased availability of substrates and cofactors in the matrix space, leakage of enzymes from the matrix, or a combination of these effects. These results are consistent with an increased inner membrane permeability and fragility during isolation and assays. In agreement with our previous studies, the data show that ARO exposure poises hepatic mitochondria toward the synthesis of urea intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ebner
- Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
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4
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Zarabian B, Koushesh F, Vassef A. Modified methods for measuring citrulline and carbamoyl-beta-alanine with reduced light sensitivity and sucrose interference. Anal Biochem 1987; 166:113-9. [PMID: 3118740 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(87)90553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two modified procedures for the colorimetric quantitation of citrulline aimed primarily at the assay of ornithine transcarbamylase were developed. Both methods give highly reproducible results in a short period of time since color is developed in 25 min at 100 degrees C. One method is more sensitive than previous methods and the other is as sensitive but requires less than one-fifth as much acid for color development. The reduction in acid concentration results in the stability of the colored complex for at least 50 min under the laboratory lighting conditions and allows for the presence of 5 mumol sucrose and 0.03 mumol mercaptoethanol in the assay. A low-acid modification for quantitating carbamoyl-beta-alanine is described also and may be applicable to the assay of dihydropyrimidinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zarabian
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University Medical School, Iran
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5
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Buttrose M, McKellar D, Welbourne TC. Gut-liver interaction in glutamine homeostasis: portal ammonia role in uptake and metabolism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1987; 252:E746-50. [PMID: 2884886 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1987.252.6.e746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of ammonia released by the gut on hepatic glutamine handling and metabolism was studied in postabsorptive anesthesized male Sprague-Dawley rats at spontaneous and elevated arterial glutamine concentrations. Glutamine handling and metabolite release across both organ beds were studied using arteriovenous concentration differences and simultaneously measured portal and hepatic venous plasma flows. At the spontaneous arterial glutamine load, fractional glutamine extraction, FE-Gln, by the gut and the liver was 24 and 10%, respectively. At the elevated glutamine load, gut glutamine uptake doubled, while FE-Gln remained at 24%; however, portal ammonia and alanine increased and decreased, respectively. In response, hepatic FE-Gln increased to 28% with a large release of glutamate and urea. The role of portal ammonia in modulating hepatic glutamine uptake was studied by infusing NH4HCO3 directly into the portal vein. Increasing the portal load promptly stimulated hepatic glutamine uptake and glutamate and urea release. Mitochondria isolated from these livers produced more glutamate from glutamine, suggesting ammonia activation of hepatic glutaminase flux; in addition, citrulline formation increased, suggesting a coupling of glutaminase flux to urea synthesis. The results are consistent with portal ammonia release acting as a key informational molecule in interorgan glutamine flow.
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6
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Cohen NS, Cheung CW, Raijman L. Channeling of extramitochondrial ornithine to matrix ornithine transcarbamylase. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)75910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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7
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Cohen NS, Cheung CW. Differential effects of N-acetylglutamate on citrulline synthesis by coupled and uncoupled mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 1984; 234:31-44. [PMID: 6486824 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
When rats were placed on a low-protein (5%) diet for 24 h or less, liver mitochondrial acetylglutamate decreased rapidly, carbamyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia) and ornithine transcarbamylase decreased little, and carbamyl phosphate synthesis (measured as citrulline) by isolated mitochondria occurred at very low rates. The matrix acetylglutamate content of these mitochondria, whether coupled or uncoupled, was increased similarly by preincubating them with added acetylglutamate, but citrulline synthesis increased from less than 1 to 2.3 nmol min-1 mg-1 in the coupled state, and from less than 1 to 35 nmol min-1 mg-1 in the uncoupled state. However, when coupled mitochondria were incubated with the substrates required for the synthesis of acetylglutamate in the matrix, citrulline synthesis increased to 48 nmol min-1 mg-1; this rate was similar to that of mitochondria from control rats (fed a normal diet). When mitochondria from controls were incubated with up to 5mM acetylglutamate, citrulline synthesis by coupled mitochondria was increased by 10 to 40%, while synthesis by uncoupled mitochondria was 1.5 to 4 times higher than that observed with the coupled mitochondria; matrix acetylglutamate in both conditions rose to levels similar to those in the medium. The reason for the different behavior of carbamyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia) in coupled and uncoupled mitochondria was not apparent; neither oxidative phosphorylation nor ornithine transport were limiting in the coupled system. These observations are an example of the restrictions imposed upon enzymatic systems by the conditions existing in the mitochondrial matrix, and of the different behavior of carbamyl phosphate synthetase in situ and in solution. In addition, they show that conclusions about the characteristics of the enzyme in coupled mitochondria based on observations made in uncoupled mitochondria are not necessarily justified.
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8
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Anderson PM, Casey CA. Glutamine-dependent synthesis of citrulline by isolated hepatic mitochondria from Squalus acanthias. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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9
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Lusty CJ. The molecular structure and function of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I. TRANSACTIONS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1983; 41:103-15. [PMID: 6599353 DOI: 10.1111/j.2164-0947.1983.tb02791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Dodgson SJ, Forster RE, Schwed DA, Storey BT. Contribution of matrix carbonic anhydrase to citrulline synthesis in isolated guinea pig liver mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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12
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Cohen NS, Cheung CW, Kyan FS, Jones EE, Raijman L. Mitochondrial carbamyl phosphate and citrulline synthesis at high matrix acetylglutamate. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Goldstein FG, Aprille JR. Citrulline synthesis: regulation by alterations in the total mitochondrial adenine nucleotide content. Arch Biochem Biophys 1982; 213:7-13. [PMID: 7059190 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(82)90433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Cathelineau L, Rabier D, Coudé FX. Acute glucagon treatment in rats fed various protein diets effect on n-acetyl glutamate concentration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1982; 153:217-28. [PMID: 7164899 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-6903-6_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Cheung CW, Raijman L. Arginine, mitochondrial arginase, and the control of carbamyl phosphate synthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 1981; 209:643-9. [PMID: 7294813 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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17
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Niedzwiecka A, Bryła J. Factors responsible for the inhibitory effect of malate on citrulline formation in rat liver mitochondria. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 13:495-9. [PMID: 7238982 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(81)90123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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Hensgens HE, Verhoeven AJ, Meijer AJ. The relationship between intramitochondrial N-acetylglutamate and activity of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (ammonia). The effect of glucagon. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 107:197-205. [PMID: 6249585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
1. The relationship between urea synthesis, intracellular N-acetylglutamate and the capacity of rat-liver mitochondria to synthesize citrulline was investigated. 2. Treatment of rats with glucagon prior to killing results not only in an increased intramitochondrial ATP concentration and an increased capacity of the mitochondria to synthesize citrulline, but also in an increased concentration of intramitochondrial N-acetylglutamate. 3. Comparison of the rate of citrulline synthesis in mitochondria from glucagon-treated and from control rats, incubated under different conditions, shows that the increased N-acetylglutamate concentration after glucagon treatment is at least in part responsible for the observed increased capacity of the mitochondria to synthesize citrulline. 4. Ureogenic flux in isolated hepatocytes under different incubation conditions correlated with the intracellular concentration of N-acetylglutamate and with the capacity of the mitochondria to synthesize citrulline. 5. When isolated hepatocytes were incubated with NH3, ornithine, lactate and oleate, intracellular N-acetylglutamate increased about eightfold in the first 10 min; during this period the rate of urea synthesis increased considerably. 6. It is concluded that the concentration of intramitochondrial N-acetylglutamate plays an important role in the short-term control of flux through the urea cycle under different nutritional and hormonal conditions.
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19
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The regulation of carbamyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia) in rat liver mitochondria. Effects of acetylglutamate concentration and ATP translocation. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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21
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Cohen N, Raijman L. The apparent Km of ATPMg for carbamyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia) in situ. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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22
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Hoogenraad NJ, Sutherland TM, Howlett GJ. Effect of the transition-state analogue, delta-N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-ornithine on citrulline synthesis in isolated rat-liver mitochondria and on urea synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 100:309-15. [PMID: 488100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb02062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Raijman L, Bartulis T. Effect of ATP translocation on citrulline and oxaloacetate synthesis by isolated rat liver mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 1979; 195:188-97. [PMID: 475383 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Meijer AJ. Regulation of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) in liver in relation to urea cycle activity. Trends Biochem Sci 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0968-0004(79)90188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Triebwasser KC, Story DL, Freedland RA. The effect of dietary o,p'-DDT on ureagenesis from ammonia by isolated rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1979; 47:237-44. [PMID: 452020 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(79)90317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Bryła J, Niedźwiecka A. Relationship between pyruvate carboxylation and citrulline synthesis in rat liver mitochondria: the effect of ammonia and energy. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 10:235-9. [PMID: 428630 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(79)90040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Lusty CJ. Carbamoylphosphate synthetase I of rat-liver mitochondria. Purification, properties, and polypeptide molecular weight. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 85:373-83. [PMID: 206435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Meijer AJ, van Woerkom GM. Control of the rate of citrulline synthesis by short-term changes in N-acetylglutamate levels in isolated rat-liver mitochondria. FEBS Lett 1978; 86:117-21. [PMID: 202504 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Meijer AJ, van Woerkom GM. Relationship between intramitochondrial citrate and the activity of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1977; 500:13-26. [PMID: 21702 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(77)90042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of control of the activity of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) (EC 2.7.2.5) in rat-liver mitochondria by variation in the intramitochondrial free Mg2+ concentration has been investigated. Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase activity was measured by coupling the formation of carbamoylphosphate to the synthesis of citrulline in a reaction mixture containing ammonia, bicarbonate, a source of ATP, and ornithine. The synthesis of citrulline was inhibited by lowering the concentration of intramitochondrial free Mg2+. This could be achieved not only by depleting the mitochondria of Mg2+ (by adding the ionophore A23187), but also by increasing the intramitochondrial concentration of citrate. Under various conditions an inverse relationship between the rate of citrulline synthesis and the magnitude of the intramitochondrial concentration of citrate was observed. Inhibition of citrulline synthesis by intramitochondrial citrate could be partly reversed by addition of Mg2+ in the presence of A23187. Possible implications of the regulation of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity by intramitochondrial citrate for nitrogen metabolism in the liver are discussed.
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Reglero A, Rivas J, Mendelson J, Wallace R, Grisolia S. Deacylation and transacetylation of acetyl glutamate and acetyl ornithine in rat liver. FEBS Lett 1977; 81:13-7. [PMID: 902767 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Yamazaki RK, Graetz GS. Glucagon stimulation of citrulline formation in isolated hepatic mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 1977; 178:19-25. [PMID: 836032 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(77)90166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Prescott A, Mangnall D. Interference by sucrose in the chemical determination of citrulline with diacetyl monoxime. Anal Biochem 1976; 76:551-5. [PMID: 998990 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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34
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Natale PJ, Tremblay GC. Studies on the availability of intramitochondrial carbamoylphosphate for utilization in extramitochondrial reactions in rat liver. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 162:357-68. [PMID: 4366144 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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36
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Bryla J, Zaleski J, Kubica A. Competition for energy between phosphoenolpyruvate and citrulline synthesis in guinea-pig liver mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 314:411-7. [PMID: 4751239 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(73)90127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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37
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Blackburn EH, Hird FJ, Jones IK. Metabolism of glutamine and ammonia in rat liver: the effects of N-acetylglutamate and phosphate. Arch Biochem Biophys 1972; 152:265-71. [PMID: 5072701 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(72)90214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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39
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40
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JONES MARYELLEN. Regulation of Uridylic Acid Biosynthesis in Eukaryotic Cells. CURRENT TOPICS IN CELLULAR REGULATION 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152806-5.50014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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41
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Tramell PR, Campbell JW. Carbamyl Phosphate Synthesis in a Land Snail, Strophocheilus oblongus. J Biol Chem 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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43
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Chamalaun RA, Tager JM. Nitrogen metabolism in the perfused rat liver. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 222:119-34. [PMID: 4394424 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(70)90357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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44
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Hoek JB, Charles R, De Haan EJ, Tager JM. Glutamate oxidation in rat-liver homogenate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 172:407-16. [PMID: 5782247 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(69)90137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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45
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Graafmans WD, Charles R, Tager JM. Mitochondrial citrulline synthesis with exogenous ATP. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 153:916-9. [PMID: 5660399 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(68)90025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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46
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Janssens PA, Cohen PP. Nitrogen metabolism in the African lungfish. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1968; 24:879-86. [PMID: 5689864 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(68)90799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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47
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Charles R, van den Bergh SG. Stimulation of mitochondrial reactions by high concentrations of atractyloside. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1967; 131:393-6. [PMID: 6049489 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(67)90153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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48
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De Haan E, Tager J, Slater E. Factors affecting the pathway of glutamate oxidation in rat-liver mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - BIOENERGETICS 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(67)90026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Control of glutamate dehydrogenase activity during glutamate oxidation in isolated rat-liver mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - BIOENERGETICS 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(67)90027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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