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Morelli AM, Ravera S, Calzia D, Panfoli I. An update of the chemiosmotic theory as suggested by possible proton currents inside the coupling membrane. Open Biol 2020; 9:180221. [PMID: 30966998 PMCID: PMC6501646 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how biological systems convert and store energy is a primary purpose of basic research. However, despite Mitchell's chemiosmotic theory, we are far from the complete description of basic processes such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and photosynthesis. After more than half a century, the chemiosmotic theory may need updating, thanks to the latest structural data on respiratory chain complexes. In particular, up-to date technologies, such as those using fluorescence indicators following proton displacements, have shown that proton translocation is lateral rather than transversal with respect to the coupling membrane. Furthermore, the definition of the physical species involved in the transfer (proton, hydroxonium ion or proton currents) is still an unresolved issue, even though the latest acquisitions support the idea that protonic currents, difficult to measure, are involved. Moreover, FoF1-ATP synthase ubiquitous motor enzyme has the peculiarity (unlike most enzymes) of affecting the thermodynamic equilibrium of ATP synthesis. It seems that the concept of diffusion of the proton charge expressed more than two centuries ago by Theodor von Grotthuss is to be taken into consideration to resolve these issues. All these uncertainties remind us that also in biology it is necessary to consider the Heisenberg indeterminacy principle, which sets limits to analytical questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maria Morelli
- 1 Pharmacy Department, Biochemistry Lab, University of Genova , Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- 2 Experimental Medicine Department, University of Genova , Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- 1 Pharmacy Department, Biochemistry Lab, University of Genova , Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- 2 Experimental Medicine Department, University of Genova , Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova , Italy
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Hypothesis of lipid-phase-continuity proton transfer for aerobic ATP synthesis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1838-42. [PMID: 24084698 PMCID: PMC3851912 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The basic processes harvesting chemical energy for life are driven by proton (H(+)) movements. These are accomplished by the mitochondrial redox complex V, integral membrane supramolecular aggregates, whose structure has recently been described by advanced studies. These did not identify classical aqueous pores. It was proposed that H(+) transfer for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) does not occur between aqueous sources and sinks, where an energy barrier would be insurmountable. This suggests a novel hypothesis for the proton transfer. A lipid-phase-continuity H(+) transfer is proposed in which H(+) are always bound to phospholipid heads and cardiolipin, according to Mitchell's hypothesis of asymmetric vectorial H(+) diffusion. A phase separation is proposed among the proton flow, following an intramembrane pathway, and the ATP synthesis, occurring in the aqueous phase. This view reminiscent of Grotthus mechanism would better account for the distance among the Fo and F1 moieties of FoF1-ATP synthase, for its mechanical coupling, as well as the necessity of a lipid membrane. A unique active role for lipids in the evolution of life can be envisaged. Interestingly, this view would also be consistent with the evidence of an OXPHOS outside mitochondria also found in non-vesicular membranes, housing the redox complexes.
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Tupper JT, Tedeschi H. Mitochondrial membrane potentials measured with microelectrodes: probable ionic basis. Science 2007; 166:1539-40. [PMID: 17655056 DOI: 10.1126/science.166.3912.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The membrane potentials of isolated Drosophila mitochondria have been measured under a variety of conditions by microelectrodes driven by a piezoelectric device. The results support the interpretation that the potentials are the result of a distribution of ions imposed by a Donnan effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Tupper
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, 12203, USA
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Dodgson S, Forster R, Storey B. Determination of intramitochondrial pH by means of matrix carbonic anhydrase activity measured with 18O exchange. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Sanadi DR, Hughes JB, Joshi S. Activation of potassium-dependent H+ efflux from mitochondria by cadmium and phenylarsine oxide. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1981; 13:425-31. [PMID: 7334025 DOI: 10.1007/bf00743214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Addition of Cd2+ or phenylarsine oxide (PhAsO) to respiring rat liver mitochondria results first in acidification of the medium (H+ efflux) followed by disappearance of H+ (discharge of the pH gradient or uncoupling). The first phase of H+ efflux is dependent upon the presence of K+ in the medium, and is not seen in the presence of valinomycin, which is consistent with the conclusion that H+ efflux is linked to membrane potential-dependent uptake of K+. These effects are abolished by low levels of 2,3-dimercaptopropanol but potentiated by excess of 2-mercaptoethanol, showing involvement of a dithiol type of group in the response. Mersalyl produces only the H+ efflux, and subsequent addition of Cd2+ of PhAsO produces collapse of the delta pH.
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Livingston R, Scheffer R. Isolation and characterization of host-selective toxin from Helminthosporium sacchari. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Diwan JJ, Lehrer PH. Effects on mitochondrial K flux of pH, K concentration, and N-ethyl maleimide. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1978; 1:43-60. [PMID: 41160 PMCID: PMC8334160 DOI: 10.3109/09687687809064158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Based on published evidence that cation transport in mitochondria is not significantly dependent on a membrane potential, it is suggested that the process of mitochondrial cation transport may be nonelectrogenic. These experiments focused on the possibility that K+ flux into rat liver mitochondria may be directly coupled, via an energy-linked carrier mechanism, to OH- influx or H+ efflux. The dependence of the unidirectional K+ influx on the external K+ concentration indicates involvement of a saturable mechanism. Increasing the external pH from 7.0 to 8.0 increases the apparent V max of the K+ influx without significantly altering the apparent Km for K+. The pH dependence is greater in the presence of N-ethyl maleimide, a known inhibitor of the mitochondrial Pi/OH- exchange mechanism. N-Ethyl maleimide decreases the apparent V max at pH 7.0 and increases it at pH 8.0. Evidence indicates that both N-ethyl maleimide and a high external Pi concentration may stimulate the K+ influx at alkaline external pH (8.0) by preventing net exchanges between endogenous Pi and external OH-. An apparent first-order dependence of the K+ influx on the external OH- concentration is observed in the presence of N-ethyl maleimide. These results are consistent with a possible role of external OH- as a cosubstrate of the K+ transport mechanism.
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Williams WP, Layton DG, Johnston C. An analysis of the binding of fluorescence probes in mitochondrial systems. J Membr Biol 1977; 33:21-40. [PMID: 405498 DOI: 10.1007/bf01869510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of the binding of the fluorescent probes 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS) and ethidium ions to whole and disruped mitochondria and submitochondrial particles suggest that the inner mitochondrial membrane is freely permeable to the two probes. Equations relating the binding of permeant probes to the electro-chemical balance across the membrane of vesicular systems are derived and these equations used to analyze Scatchard plots of the binding of the two probes to energized and nonenergized mitochondria and EDTA particles.
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Schäfer G. Some new aspects on the interaction of hypoglycemia-producing biguanides with biological membranes. Biochem Pharmacol 1976; 25:2015-24. [PMID: 985539 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(76)90424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Guerrieri F, Lorusso M, Pansini A, Ferrarese V, Papa S. On the mechanism of action of oligomycin and acidic uncouplers on proton translocation and energy transfer in "sonic" submitochondrial particles. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1976; 8:131-42. [PMID: 9385 DOI: 10.1007/bf00748959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A study is presented of the effect of acidic uncouplers and oligomycin on energy-linked and passive proton translocation, oxidative phosphorylation, and energy-linked nicotinamide-adenine-nucleotide transhydrogenase in EDTA submitochondrial particles from beef-heart. A flow potentiometric technique has been applied to resolve the kinetics of the initial rapid phase of the redox proton pump. Rapid kinetics analysis shows that carbonyl-cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone (FCCP) does not exert any direct effect on redox-linked active proton transport. The uncoupling action of FCCP on oxidative phosphorylation and energy-linked transhydrogenase is shown to be quantitatively accounted for by its promoting effect of passive proton-diffusion across the mitochondrial membrane. Oligomycin depresses passive proton diffusion in EDTA sonic particles and this effect accounts for the coupling action exerted by the antibiotic on oxidative phosphorylation and energy-linked transhydrogenase. In fact, rapid kinetic analysis demonstrates that oligomycin does not directly affect the redox-linked proton pump. The present results show that there does not exist any labile intermediate in the redox-linked proton pump which is sensitive to acidic uncouplers.
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Wehrle JP, Jurkowitz M, Scott KM, Brierley GP. Mg2+ and the permeability of heart mitochondria to monovalent cations. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 174:313-23. [PMID: 7203 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Papa S. Proton translocation reactions in the respiratory chains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 456:39-84. [PMID: 178381 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(76)90008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Brierley GP. The uptake and extrusion of monovalent cations by isolated heart mitochondria. Mol Cell Biochem 1976; 10:41-63. [PMID: 2858 DOI: 10.1007/bf01731680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The factors involved in the movement of monovalent cations across the inner membrane of the isolate heart mitochondrion are reviewed. The evidence suggests that the energy-dependent uptake of K+ and Na+ which results in swelling of the matrix is an electrophoretic response to a negative internal potential. There are no clear cut indications that this electrophoretic cation movement is carrier-mediated and possible modes of entry which do not require a carrier are examined. The evidence also suggests that the monovalent cation for proton exchanger (Na+ greater than K+) present in the membrane may participate in the energy-dependent extrusion of accumulated ions. The two processes, electrophoreti c cation uptake (swelling) and exchange-dependent cation extrusion (contraction) may represent a means of controlling the volume of the mitochondrion within the functioning cell. A number of indications point to the possibility that the volume control process may be mediated by the divalent cations Ca+2 and Mg+2. Studies with mercurial reagents also implicate certain membrane thiol groups in the postulated volume control process.
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Laris PC, Bahr DP, Chaffee RR. Membrane potentials in mitochondrial preparations as measured by means of a cyanine dye. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 376:415-25. [PMID: 1125220 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(75)90163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the fluorescent intensity of the dye 3,3'-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine iodide were measured in suspensions of hamster liver mitochondria upon the development of a K+ diffusion potential by the addition of valinomycin and upon the development of the energized state by the addition of succinate or ATP. The changes (large decreases) seen with the addition of succinate or ATP (inhibitable by NaCN and oligomycin respectively) were comparable to those recorded upon the addition of valinomycin to mitochondria suspended in media containing low concentrations of K+. The change observed with succinate was partially reversed by the addition of either 2,4-dinitrophenol or ADP. Oligomycin prevented the reversal seen with ADP. Decreases in fluorescent intensity were also recorded when succinate was added to suspensions of inner membranes (prepared from rat liver mitochondria) containing the dye. With submitochondrial particles (also from rat liver mitochondria), however, increases in fluorescent intensity were seen upon the addition of succinate or ATP. These observations are consistent with the idea that a large negative (internal) potential develops across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion during energization and with other aspects of the chemiosmotic hypothesis.
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Papa S, Guerrieri F, Lorusso M. Mechanism of respiration-driven proton translocation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Analysis of proton translocation associated to oxido-reductions of the oxygen-terminal respiratory carriers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 357:181-92. [PMID: 4472507 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Brierley GP. Passive permeability and energy-linked ion movements in isolated heart mitochondria. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1974; 227:398-411. [PMID: 4133306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb14403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Tedeschi H. Mitochondrial membrane potential: evidence from studies with a fluorescent probe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:583-5. [PMID: 4521825 PMCID: PMC388052 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.2.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The fluorescence of the probe 3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine (CC(6)) has been found to indicate potential across cell membranes. Results obtained in the present study using CC(6) and Drosophila mitochondria are in agreement with membrane potentials previously measured by Tupper and Tedeschi using microelectrodes. The results of both studies with Drosophila suggest that the potential across the mitochondrial membrane does not play a significant role in oxidative phosphorylation.
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Azzone GF, Massari S. Active transport and binding in mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 301:195-226. [PMID: 4593321 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(73)90004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gamble JL. Transport of potassium and sodium with citrate across the mitochondrial membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 323:240-50. [PMID: 4752284 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(73)90148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Izzard S, Tedeschi H. Characterization of orthophosphate-induced active cation transport in isolated liver mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 1973; 154:527-39. [PMID: 4691502 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(73)90005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Howland JL, Challberg MD. Altered respiration and proton permeability in liver mitochondria from genetically dystrophic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 50:574-80. [PMID: 4689065 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)90878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Papa S, Guerrieri F, Simone S, Lorusso M, Larosa D. Mechanism of respiration-driven proton translocation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 292:20-38. [PMID: 4735834 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(73)90247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Seshachalam D, Frahm DH, Ferraro FM. Cation reversal of inhibition of growth by valinomycin in Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium sporogenes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1973; 3:63-7. [PMID: 4208280 PMCID: PMC444361 DOI: 10.1128/aac.3.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Study of the antimicrobial spectrum of valinomycin revealed that, in addition to the gram-positive bacteria reported in literature, Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium sporogenes are also susceptible to this antibiotic. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the antibiotic for S. pyogenes grown aerobically and anaerobically did not differ markedly, negating the hypothesis that oxidative phosphorylation is involved in the mechanism of action of this antibiotic. This conclusion is further strengthened by the inhibition of growth of C. sporogenes, an obligate anaerobe. In a medium with a low K(+) concentration, the MIC for S. pyogenes was 0.02 mug/ml, the lowest ever recorded for this antibiotic. The inhibition of growth of S. pyogenes and C. sporogenes was readily reversed by addition of K(+) to the medium, indicating a compensation for net efflux of K(+) from the cells when the transmembrane potential reached equilibrium. In contrast to these bacteria, Bacillus subtilis was less susceptible to the antibiotic when the potassium concentration of the medium was low. The addition of potassium in the presence of valinomycin increased the inhibition of growth, which appears to result from dissipation of metabolic energy as in the mitochondrial system.
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Titration of mitochondrial buffer by accumulated anions. J Membr Biol 1972; 9:141-54. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01868049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/1972] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Estrada S, de Céspedes C, Calderón E. Accumulation of calcium and phosphate stimulated by carboxylic antibiotics into mitochondria. JOURNAL OF BIOENERGETICS 1972; 3:361-75. [PMID: 4656358 DOI: 10.1007/bf01516075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Harold FM. Conservation and transformation of energy by bacterial membranes. BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 1972; 36:172-230. [PMID: 4261111 PMCID: PMC408323 DOI: 10.1128/br.36.2.172-230.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Brierley GP, Jurkowitz M, Scott KM, Merola AJ. Ion transport by heart mitochondria. XXII. Spontaneous, energy-linked accumulation of acetate and phosphate salts of monovalent cations. Arch Biochem Biophys 1971; 147:545-56. [PMID: 5136102 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(71)90412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Papa S, Lofrumento NE, Kanduc D, Paradies G, Quagliariello E. The transport of citric-acid-cycle intermediates in rat-liver mitochondria. Electrical nature and coupling of the exchange-diffusion reactions with proton translocation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 22:134-43. [PMID: 5099211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Factors Affecting the Kinetics and Equilibrium of Exchange Reactions of the Citrate-transporting System of Rat Liver Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Papa S, Lofrumento NE, Quagliariello E, Meijer AJ, Tager JM. Coupling mechanisms in anionic substrate transport across the inner membrane of rat-liver mitochondria. JOURNAL OF BIOENERGETICS 1971; 1:287-307. [PMID: 4109246 DOI: 10.1007/bf01516289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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The coupling between energy-yielding and energy-utilizing reactions in mitochondria. Q Rev Biophys 1971; 4:35-71. [PMID: 4940958 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583500000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- V P. Skulachev
- Department of Bioenergetics, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR
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Klingenberg M, Palmieri F, Quagliariello E. Quantitative correlation between the distribution of anions and the pH difference across the mitochondrial membrane. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 17:230-8. [PMID: 5500391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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40
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Izzard S, Tedeschi H. Ion transport underlying metabolically controlled volume changes of isolated mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 67:702-9. [PMID: 5289016 PMCID: PMC283262 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.67.2.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An earlier study has indicated that the swelling of isolated mitochondria induced by inorganic phosphate (P(i)) can be accounted for largely or completely by the accumulation of ions. In the present study, a similar uptake was shown to be induced by a wider range of P(i) concentrations. Addition of ADP, KCN, or 2,4-dinitrophenol initiates a shrinkage which can be accounted for by the efflux of ions. The results are consistent with the explanations that (a) P(i) induces a transport of ions and a concomitant osmotic swelling, and (b) the addition of substances which compete or interfere with the energy available for transport results in ion efflux and a corresponding mitochondrial shrinkage. The results are not consistent with proposals that the changes in the light scattered by mitochondrial suspensions with alterations in metabolic states reflect a mechanochemical coupling phenomenon.
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Harris EJ, Berent C. The applicability of the donnan relation to the distribution of certain anions between mitochondria and medium. FEBS Lett 1970; 10:6-12. [PMID: 11945344 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E J. Harris
- Department of Biophysics, University College, WC 1E 6BT, London, England
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Liberman EA, Skulachev VP. Conversion of biomembrane-produced energy into electric form. IV. General discussion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 216:30-42. [PMID: 4250572 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(70)90156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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45
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Quagliariello E, Palmieri F. Elucidation by ionophores of the a DeltapH control of anion distribution across the mitochondrial membrane. FEBS Lett 1970; 8:105-108. [PMID: 11947543 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- M Klingenberg
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Biochemie Universität München, Goethestrasse 33, 8 15, München, Germany
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47
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Harold FM, Baarda JR, Pavlasova E. Extrusion of sodium and hydrogen ions as the primary process in potassium ion accumulation by Streptococcus faecalis. J Bacteriol 1970; 101:152-9. [PMID: 4983644 PMCID: PMC250464 DOI: 10.1128/jb.101.1.152-159.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolyzing cells of Streptococcus faecalis accumulate K(+) with concurrent extrusion of equivalent amounts of H(+) and Na(+). An attempt was made to clarify the retionship between the movements of Na(+) and K(+). Sodium was displaced from cells glycolyzing in the presence of ammonia, diethylamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and other nitrogenous cations; by contrast, K(+) was completely retained. Accumulation of K(+) by heterologous exchange for Na(+) was not inhibited by antibiotics which facilitate diffusion of K(+) across the membrane, but was blocked by proton conductors. The results indicate that extrusion of Na(+) and H(+) from the cells is a primary, energy-linked process which generates an electrical potential (interior negative); K(+) accumulation occurs in response to this potential. Two mutants deficient in K(+) accumulation and retention were examined in terms of this model. One mutant is apparently defective in exchange of K(+) for H(+). In the other mutant, exchange of K(+) for Na(+) is impaired.
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Nishizaki Y, Jagendorf AT. Role of cations in the activation of hloroplast adenosine triphosphatase by acid-base transition. Arch Biochem Biophys 1969; 133:255-62. [PMID: 4241685 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Harris EJ. The proton shift across the mitochondrial membrane associated with potassium uptake induced by valinomycin. FEBS Lett 1969; 5:50-52. [PMID: 11947236 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(69)80290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E J. Harris
- Department of Biophysics, University College, W.C.1., London, England
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Tupper JT, Tedeschi H. Microelectrode studies on the membrane properties of isolated mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 63:370-7. [PMID: 5257128 PMCID: PMC223574 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.63.2.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane potentials and resistances of isolated Drosophila mitochondria were measured after impalement with piezoelectric-driven microelectrodes. The potential is approximately +10 mv (positive inside), and the membrane resistance is approximately 2Omega.cm(2) under state 4 conditions. Experiments involving changes in external osmolality at constant ionic strength have suggested that the measured potential is across the mitochondrial semipermeable membrane. The mitochondria generally collapse seconds after impalement. In cases of successive impalements, potential and resistance values show slight decreases from the initial impalements.
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