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Sellés J, Alric J, Rutherford AW, Davis GA, Viola S. In vivo ElectroChromic Shift measurements of photosynthetic activity in far-red absorbing cyanobacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149502. [PMID: 39127329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Some cyanobacteria can do photosynthesis using not only visible but also far-red light that is unused by most other oxygenic photoautotrophs because of its lower energy content. These species have a modified photosynthetic apparatus containing red-shifted pigments. The incorporation of red-shifted pigments decreases the photochemical efficiency of photosystem I and, especially, photosystem II, and it might affect the distribution of excitation energy between the two photosystems with possible consequences on the activity of the entire electron transport chain. To investigate the in vivo effects on photosynthetic activity of these pigment changes, we present here the adaptation of a spectroscopic method, based on a physical phenomenon called ElectroChromic Shift (ECS), to the far-red absorbing cyanobacteria Acaryochloris marina and Chroococcidiopsis thermalis PCC7203. ECS measures the electric field component of the trans-thylakoid proton motive force generated by photosynthetic electron transfer. We show that ECS can be used in these cyanobacteria to investigate in vivo the stoichiometry of photosystem I and photosystem II and their absorption cross-section, as well as the overall efficiency of light energy conversion into electron transport. Our results indicate that both species use visible and far-red light with similar efficiency, despite significant differences in their light absorption characteristics. ECS thus represents a new non-invasive tool to study the performance of naturally occurring far-red photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Sellés
- Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology - UMR7141, Paris, France
| | - Jean Alric
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille - UMR7265, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | | | - Geoffry A Davis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK; Biology Department, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefania Viola
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille - UMR7265, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
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2
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Structure of plant photosystem I-plastocyanin complex reveals strong hydrophobic interactions. Biochem J 2021; 478:2371-2384. [PMID: 34085703 PMCID: PMC8238519 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I is defined as plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Taking advantage of genetic engineering, kinetic analyses and cryo-EM, our data provide novel mechanistic insights into binding and electron transfer between PSI and Pc. Structural data at 2.74 Å resolution reveals strong hydrophobic interactions in the plant PSI-Pc ternary complex, leading to exclusion of water molecules from PsaA-PsaB/Pc interface once the PSI-Pc complex forms. Upon oxidation of Pc, a slight tilt of bound oxidized Pc allows water molecules to accommodate the space between Pc and PSI to drive Pc dissociation. Such a scenario is consistent with the six times larger dissociation constant of oxidized as compared with reduced Pc and mechanistically explains how this molecular machine optimized electron transfer for fast turnover.
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3
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Govindjee G, Shen YK, Zhu XG, Mi H, Ogawa T. Honoring Bacon Ke at 100: a legend among the many luminaries and a highly collaborative scientist in photosynthesis research. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:243-252. [PMID: 33582974 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacon Ke, who did pioneering research on the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis, was born in China on July 26, 1920, and currently, he is living in a senior home in San Francisco, California, and is a centenarian. To us, this is a very happy and unique occasion to honor him. After providing a brief account of his life, and a glimpse of his research in photosynthesis, we present here "messages" for Bacon Ke@ 100 from: Robert Alfano (USA), Charles Arntzen (USA), Sandor Demeter (Hungary), Richard A. Dilley (USA), John Golbeck (USA), Isamu Ikegami (Japan), Ting-Yun Kuang (China), Richard Malkin (USA), Hualing Mi (China), Teruo Ogawa (Japan), Yasusi Yamamoto (Japan), and Xin-Guang Zhu (China).
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and the Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Yun-Kang Shen
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hualing Mi
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Teruo Ogawa
- , Kamisaginomiya 3-17-11, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 165-0031, Japan
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4
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Caspy I, Malavath T, Klaiman D, Fadeeva M, Shkolnisky Y, Nelson N. Structure and energy transfer pathways of the Dunaliella Salina photosystem I supercomplex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148253. [PMID: 32569661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved more than 3 billion years ago in cyanobacteria. The increased complexity of photosystem I (PSI) became apparent from the high-resolution structures that were obtained for the complexes that were isolated from various organisms, ranging from cyanobacteria to plants. These complexes are all evolutionarily linked. In this paper, the researchers have uncovered the increased complexity of PSI in a single organism demonstrated by the coexistance of two distinct PSI compositions. The Large Dunaliella PSI contains eight additional subunits, six in PSI core and two light harvesting complexes. Two additional chlorophyll a molecules pertinent for efficient excitation energy transfer in state II transition were identified in PsaL and PsaO. Short distances between these newly identified chlorophylls correspond with fast excitation transfer rates previously reported during state II transition. The apparent PSI conformations could be a coping mechanism for the high salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tirupathi Malavath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Daniel Klaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Maria Fadeeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoel Shkolnisky
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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5
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McKenzie SD, Ibrahim IM, Aryal UK, Puthiyaveetil S. Stoichiometry of protein complexes in plant photosynthetic membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Kosugi M, Ozawa SI, Takahashi Y, Kamei Y, Itoh S, Kudoh S, Kashino Y, Koike H. Red-shifted chlorophyll a bands allow uphill energy transfer to photosystem II reaction centers in an aerial green alga, Prasiola crispa, harvested in Antarctica. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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He Z, Ferlez B, Kurashov V, Tank M, Golbeck JH, Bryant DA. Reaction centers of the thermophilic microaerophile, Chloracidobacterium thermophilum (Acidobacteria) I: biochemical and biophysical characterization. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:87-103. [PMID: 31161318 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chloracidobacterium thermophilum is a microaerophilic, anoxygenic member of the green chlorophototrophic bacteria. This bacterium is the first characterized oxygen-requiring chlorophototroph with chlorosomes, the FMO protein, and homodimeric type-1 reaction centers (RCs). The RCs of C. thermophilum are also unique because they contain three types of chlorophylls, bacteriochlorophyll aP esterified with phytol, Chl aPD esterified with Δ2,6-phytadienol, and Zn-BChl aP' esterified with phytol, in the approximate molar ratio 32:24:4. The light-induced difference spectrum of these RCs had a bleaching maximum at 839 nm and also revealed an electrochromic bandshift that is probably derived from a BChl a molecule near P840+. The FX [4Fe-4S] cluster had a midpoint potential of ca. - 581 mV, and the spectroscopic properties of the P+ F X - spin-polarized radical pair were very similar to those of reaction centers of heliobacteria and green sulfur bacteria. The data further indicate that electron transfer occurs directly from A0- to FX, as occurs in other homodimeric type-1 RCs. Washing experiments with isolated membranes suggested that the PscB subunit of these reaction centers is more tightly bound than PshB in heliobacteria. Thus, the reaction centers of C. thermophilum have some properties that resemble other homodimeric reaction centers but also have specific properties that are more similar to those of Photosystem I. These differences probably contribute to protection of the electron transfer chain from oxygen, contributing to the oxygen tolerance of this microaerophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, S-002 Frear Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Bryan Ferlez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, S-002 Frear Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Vasily Kurashov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, S-002 Frear Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Marcus Tank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, S-002 Frear Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, S-002 Frear Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, S-002 Frear Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
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8
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Kurashov V, Gorka M, Milanovsky GE, Johnson TW, Cherepanov DA, Semenov AY, Golbeck JH. Critical evaluation of electron transfer kinetics in P700–FA/FB, P700–FX, and P700–A1 Photosystem I core complexes in liquid and in trehalose glass. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:1288-1301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.09.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Jana S, Du T, Nagao R, Noguchi T, Shibata Y. Redox-state dependent blinking of single photosystem I trimers at around liquid-nitrogen temperature. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1860:30-40. [PMID: 30428304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Efficient light harvesting in a photosynthetic antenna system is disturbed by a ragged and fluctuating energy landscape of the antenna pigments in response to the conformation dynamics of the protein. This situation is especially pronounced in Photosystem I (PSI) containing red shifted chlorophylls (red Chls) with the excitation energy much lower than the primary donor. The present study was conducted to clarify light-harvesting dynamics of PSI isolated from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 by using single-molecule spectroscopy at liquid‑nitrogen temperatures. Fluorescence emission at around 720 nm from the red Chls in single PSI trimers was monitored at 80-100 K. Intermittent variations in the emission intensities, so-called blinking, were frequently observed. Its time scale lay in several tens of seconds. The blinking amplitude depended on the redox state of the phylloquinone (A1). Electrochromic shifts of Chls induced by the negative charge on A1 were calculated based on the X-ray crystallographic structure. A Chl molecule, Chl-A839 (numbering according to PDB 5OY0), bound near A1 was found to have a large electrochromic shift. This Chl has strong exciton coupling with neighboring Chl (A838) whose site energy was predicted to be determined by interaction with an arginine residue (ArgF84) [Adolphs et al., 2010]. A possible scenario of the blinking was proposed. Conformational fluctuations of ArgF84 seesaw the excitation-energy of Chl-A838, which perturbs the branching ratio of excitation-energy between the red Chl and the cationic form of P700 as a quencher. The electrochromic shift of Chl-A839 enhances the effect of the conformation dynamics of ArgF84.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ting Du
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Division of Material Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shibata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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10
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Kirst H, Shen Y, Vamvaka E, Betterle N, Xu D, Warek U, Strickland JA, Melis A. Downregulation of the CpSRP43 gene expression confers a truncated light-harvesting antenna (TLA) and enhances biomass and leaf-to-stem ratio in Nicotiana tabacum canopies. PLANTA 2018; 248:139-154. [PMID: 29623472 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Downregulation in the expression of the signal recognition particle 43 (SRP43) gene in tobacco conferred a truncated photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna (TLA property), and resulted in plants with a greater leaf-to-stem ratio, improved photosynthetic productivity and canopy biomass accumulation under high-density cultivation conditions. Evolution of sizable arrays of light-harvesting antennae in all photosynthetic systems confers a survival advantage for the organism in the wild, where sunlight is often the growth-limiting factor. In crop monocultures, however, this property is strongly counterproductive, when growth takes place under direct and excess sunlight. The large arrays of light-harvesting antennae in crop plants cause the surface of the canopies to over-absorb solar irradiance, far in excess of what is needed to saturate photosynthesis and forcing them to engage in wasteful dissipation of the excess energy. Evidence in this work showed that downregulation by RNA-interference approaches of the Nicotiana tabacum signal recognition particle 43 (SRP43), a nuclear gene encoding a chloroplast-localized component of the photosynthetic light-harvesting assembly pathway, caused a decrease in the light-harvesting antenna size of the photosystems, a corresponding increase in the photosynthetic productivity of chlorophyll in the leaves, and improved tobacco plant canopy biomass accumulation under high-density cultivation conditions. Importantly, the resulting TLA transgenic plants had a substantially greater leaf-to-stem biomass ratio, compared to those of the wild type, grown under identical agronomic conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the potential benefit that could accrue to agriculture upon application of the TLA-technology to crop plants, entailing higher density planting with plants having a greater biomass and leaf-to-stem ratio, translating into greater crop yields per plant with canopies in a novel agronomic configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kirst
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Yanxin Shen
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Evangelia Vamvaka
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Nico Betterle
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Ujwala Warek
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - James A Strickland
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Anastasios Melis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA.
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11
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Jeong J, Baek K, Yu J, Kirst H, Betterle N, Shin W, Bae S, Melis A, Jin E. Deletion of the chloroplast LTD protein impedes LHCI import and PSI-LHCI assembly in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1147-1158. [PMID: 29300952 PMCID: PMC6018721 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear-encoded light-harvesting chlorophyll- and carotenoid-binding proteins (LHCPs) are imported into the chloroplast and transported across the stroma to thylakoid membrane assembly sites by the chloroplast signal recognition particle (CpSRP) pathway. The LHCP translocation defect (LTD) protein is essential for the delivery of imported LHCPs to the CpSRP pathway in Arabidopsis. However, the function of the LTD protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has not been investigated. Here, we generated a C. reinhardtii ltd (Crltd) knockout mutant by using CRISPR-Cas9, a new target-specific knockout technology. The Crltd1 mutant showed a low chlorophyll content per cell with an unusual increase in appressed thylakoid membranes and enlarged cytosolic vacuoles. Profiling of thylakoid membrane proteins in the Crltd1 mutant showed a more severe reduction in the levels of photosystem I (PSI) core proteins and absence of functional LHCI compared with those of photosystem II, resulting in a much smaller PSI pool size and diminished chlorophyll antenna size. The lack of CrLTD did not prevent photoautotrophic growth of the cells. These results are substantially different from those for Arabidopsis ltd null mutant, indicating LTD function in LHCP delivery and PSI assembly may not be as stringent in C. reinhardtii as it is in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeon Jeong
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangryul Baek
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Henning Kirst
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
| | - Nico Betterle
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
| | - Woongghi Shin
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Anastasios Melis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Evaluation of photosynthetic activities in thylakoid membranes by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Caspari OD, Meyer MT, Tolleter D, Wittkopp TM, Cunniffe NJ, Lawson T, Grossman AR, Griffiths H. Pyrenoid loss in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii causes limitations in CO2 supply, but not thylakoid operating efficiency. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3903-3913. [PMID: 28911055 PMCID: PMC5853600 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The pyrenoid of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a microcompartment situated in the centre of the cup-shaped chloroplast, containing up to 90% of cellular Rubisco. Traversed by a network of dense, knotted thylakoid tubules, the pyrenoid has been proposed to influence thylakoid biogenesis and ultrastructure. Mutants that are unable to assemble a pyrenoid matrix, due to expressing a vascular plant version of the Rubisco small subunit, exhibit severe growth and photosynthetic defects and have an ineffective carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM). The present study set out to determine the cause of photosynthetic limitation in these pyrenoid-less lines. We tested whether electron transport and light use were compromised as a direct structural consequence of pyrenoid loss or as a metabolic effect downstream of lower CCM activity and resulting CO2 limitation. Thylakoid organization was unchanged in the mutants, including the retention of intrapyrenoid-type thylakoid tubules, and photosynthetic limitations associated with the absence of the pyrenoid were rescued by exposing cells to elevated CO2 levels. These results demonstrate that Rubisco aggregation in the pyrenoid functions as an essential element for CO2 delivery as part of the CCM, and does not play other roles in maintenance of photosynthetic membrane energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Caspari
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Moritz T Meyer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dimitri Tolleter
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tyler M Wittkopp
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nik J Cunniffe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - Arthur R Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Robinson MT, Simons CE, Cliffel DE, Jennings GK. Photocatalytic photosystem I/PEDOT composite films prepared by vapor-phase polymerization. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6158-6166. [PMID: 28447696 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01158j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) achieves photo-induced charge separation with outstanding internal quantum efficiency and has been used to improve the performance of various photoelectrochemical systems. Herein, we describe a fast and versatile technique to assemble composite films containing PSI and a chosen intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP). A mixture of PSI and a Friedel-Crafts catalyst (FeCl3) is drop cast atop a substrate of choice. Contact with ICP monomer vapor at low temperature stimulates polymer growth throughout PSI films in minutes. We assess the effects of PSI loading on the rapid vapor-phase growth of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) within and above PSI multilayer films, and characterize the resulting film's thickness, electrochemical capacitance, and photocatalytic response. Composite films generate cathodic photocurrent when in contact with an aqueous redox electrolyte, confirming retention of the photocatalytic activity of the polymer-entrapped PSI multilayer assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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15
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Dumas L, Chazaux M, Peltier G, Johnson X, Alric J. Cytochrome b 6 f function and localization, phosphorylation state of thylakoid membrane proteins and consequences on cyclic electron flow. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 129:307-320. [PMID: 27534565 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Both the structure and the protein composition of thylakoid membranes have an impact on light harvesting and electron transfer in the photosynthetic chain. Thylakoid membranes form stacks and lamellae where photosystem II and photosystem I localize, respectively. Light-harvesting complexes II can be associated to either PSII or PSI depending on the redox state of the plastoquinone pool, and their distribution is governed by state transitions. Upon state transitions, the thylakoid ultrastructure and lateral distribution of proteins along the membrane are subject to significant rearrangements. In addition, quinone diffusion is limited to membrane microdomains and the cytochrome b 6 f complex localizes either to PSII-containing grana stacks or PSI-containing stroma lamellae. Here, we discuss possible similarities or differences between green algae and C3 plants on the functional consequences of such heterogeneities in the photosynthetic electron transport chain and propose a model in which quinones, accepting electrons either from PSII (linear flow) or NDH/PGR pathways (cyclic flow), represent a crucial control point. Our aim is to give an integrated description of these processes and discuss their potential roles in the balance between linear and cyclic electron flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Dumas
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Marie Chazaux
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Jean Alric
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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16
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Bína D, Herbstová M, Gardian Z, Vácha F, Litvín R. Novel structural aspect of the diatom thylakoid membrane: lateral segregation of photosystem I under red-enhanced illumination. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25583. [PMID: 27149693 PMCID: PMC4857733 DOI: 10.1038/srep25583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial segregation of photosystems in the thylakoid membrane (lateral heterogeneity) observed in plants and in the green algae is usually considered to be absent in photoautotrophs possessing secondary plastids, such as diatoms. Contrary to this assumption, here we show that thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast of a marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, contain large areas occupied exclusively by a supercomplex of photosystem I (PSI) and its associated Lhcr antenna. These membrane areas, hundreds of nanometers in size, comprise hundreds of tightly packed PSI-antenna complexes while lacking other components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Analyses of the spatial distribution of the PSI-Lhcr complexes have indicated elliptical particles, each 14 × 17 nm in diameter. On larger scales, the red-enhanced illumination exerts a significant effect on the ultrastructure of chloroplasts, creating superstacks of tens of thylakoid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bína
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Department of Photosynthesis, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Herbstová
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Department of Photosynthesis, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenko Gardian
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Department of Photosynthesis, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - František Vácha
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Department of Photosynthesis, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Litvín
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Department of Photosynthesis, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
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17
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Tetratricopeptide repeat protein protects photosystem I from oxidative disruption during assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:2774-9. [PMID: 26903622 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant lacking CGL71, a thylakoid membrane protein previously shown to be involved in photosystem I (PSI) accumulation, exhibited photosensitivity and highly reduced abundance of PSI under photoheterotrophic conditions. Remarkably, the PSI content of this mutant declined to nearly undetectable levels under dark, oxic conditions, demonstrating that reduced PSI accumulation in the mutant is not strictly the result of photodamage. Furthermore, PSI returns to nearly wild-type levels when the O2 concentration in the medium is lowered. Overall, our results suggest that the accumulation of PSI in the mutant correlates with the redox state of the stroma rather than photodamage and that CGL71 functions under atmospheric O2 conditions to allow stable assembly of PSI. These findings may reflect the history of the Earth's atmosphere as it transitioned from anoxic to highly oxic (1-2 billion years ago), a change that required organisms to evolve mechanisms to assist in the assembly and stability of proteins or complexes with O2-sensitive cofactors.
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18
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Carter JR, Baker DR, Witt TA, Bruce BD. Enhanced photocurrent from Photosystem I upon in vitro truncation of the antennae chlorophyll. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 127:161-70. [PMID: 26031418 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Current effects on climate change and dwindling fossil fuel reserves require new materials and methods to convert solar energy into a viable clean energy source. Recent progress in the direct conversion of light into photocurrent has been well documented using Photosystem I. In plants, PSI consists of a core complex and multiple light-harvesting complexes, denoted LHCI and LHCII. Most of the methods for isolating PSI from plants involve a selective, detergent solubilization from thylakoids followed by sucrose gradient density centrifugation. These processes isolate one variant of PSI with a specific ratio of Chl:P700. In this study, we have developed a simple and potentially scalable method for isolating multiple PSI variants using Hydroxyapatite chromatography, which has been well documented in other Photosystem I isolation protocols. By varying the wash conditions, we show that it is possible to change the Chl:P700 ratios. These different PSI complexes were cast into a PSI-Nafion-osmium polymer film that enabled their photoactivity to be measured. Photocurrent increases nearly 400% between highly washed and untreated solutions based on equal chlorophyll content. Importantly, the mild washing conditions remove peripheral Chl and some LHCI without inhibiting the photochemical activity of PSI as suggested by SDS-PAGE analysis. This result could indicate that more P700 could be loaded per surface area for biohybrid devices. Compared with other PSI isolations, this protocol also allows isolation of multiple PSI variants without loss of photochemical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ridge Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - David R Baker
- Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, United States Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
| | - T Austin Witt
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Barry D Bruce
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Program in Energy Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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19
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A megacomplex composed of both photosystem reaction centres in higher plants. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6675. [PMID: 25809225 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the history of oxygen evolution, two types of photosystem reaction centres (PSI and PSII) have worked in a coordinated manner. The oxygen evolving centre is an integral part of PSII, and extracts an electron from water. PSI accepts the electron, and accumulates reducing power. Traditionally, PSI and PSII are thought to be spatially dispersed. Here, we show that about half of PSIIs are physically connected to PSIs in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the PSI-PSII complex, excitation energy is transferred efficiently between the two closely interacting reaction centres. PSII diverts excitation energy to PSI when PSII becomes closed-state in the PSI-PSII complex. The formation of PSI-PSII complexes is regulated by light conditions. Quenching of excess energy by PSI might be one of the physiological functions of PSI-PSII complexes.
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20
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McConnell MD, Lowry D, Rowan TN, van Dijk K, Redding KE. Purification and photobiochemical profile of photosystem 1 from a high-salt tolerant, oleaginous Chlorella (Trebouxiophycaea, Chlorophyta). Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:199-209. [PMID: 25600216 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been studied extensively within the biofuel industry as a model organism, as researchers look towards algae to provide chemical feedstocks (i.e., lipids) for the production of liquid transportation fuels. C. reinhardtii, however, is unsuitable for high-level production of such precursors due to its relatively poor lipid accumulation and fresh-water demand. In this study we offer insight into the primary light harvesting and electron transfer reactions that occur during phototropic growth in a high-salt tolerant strain of Chlorella (a novel strain introduced here as NE1401), a single-celled eukaryotic algae also in the phylum Chlorophyta. Under nutrient starvation many eukaryotic algae increase dramatically the amount of lipids stored in lipid bodies within their cell interiors. Microscopy and lipid analyses indicate that Chlorella sp. NE1401 may become a superior candidate for algal biofuels production. We have purified highly active Photosystem 1 (PS1) complexes to study in vitro, so that we may understand further the photobiochemisty of this promising biofuel producer and how its characteristics compare and contrast with that of the better understood C. reinhardtii. Our findings suggest that the PS1 complex from Chlorella sp. NE1401 demonstrates similar characteristics to that of C. reinhardtii with respect to light-harvesting and electron transfer reactions. We also illustrate that the relative extent of the light state transition performed by Chlorella sp. NE1401 is smaller compared to C. reinhardtii, although they are triggered by the same dynamic light stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D McConnell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA., Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
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21
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Koenig F. Growth ofAnacystisin the Presence of Thiosulphate and its Consequences for the Architecture of the Photosynthetic Apparatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1990.tb00126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Römer S, Senger H, Bishop NI. Characterization of the Carotenoidless Strain ofScenedesmus obliquus, Mutant C-6E, a Living Photosystem I Model*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1995.tb00835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Nishio JN, Ting IP. Photosynthetic Characteristics of the Palisade Mesophyll and Spongy Mesophyll in the CAM/C4Intermediate Plant,Peperomia camptotricha*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1993.tb00347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Flammersfeld U, Wild A. Changes in the Constitution of Thylakoid Membranes in Spruce Needles During an Open-top Chamber Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1992.tb00311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Humbeck K, Römer S, Senger H. Changes in Carotenoid Composition and Function of the Photosynthetic Apparatus during Light-dependent Chloroplast Differentiation in Mutant C-6D ofScenedesmus obliquus*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1988.tb00036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Balan R, Suraishkumar GK. Simultaneous increases in specific growth rate and specific lipid content ofChlorella vulgaristhrough UV-induced reactive species. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 30:291-9. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini Balan
- Dept. of Biotechnology; Indian Inst. of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - G. K. Suraishkumar
- Dept. of Biotechnology; Indian Inst. of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
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27
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Barry BA, Bender CJ, Mcintosh L, Ferguson-Miller S, Babcock GT. Photoaccumulation in Photosystem I Does Not Produce a Phylloquinone Radical. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198800022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Islam MR, Watanabe K, Kashino Y, Satoh K, Koike H. Spectral properties of a divinyl chlorophyll a harboring mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 117:245-255. [PMID: 23812785 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A divinyl chlorophyll (DV-Chl) a harboring mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, in which chlorophyll species is replaced from monovinyl(normal)-Chl a to DV-Chl a, was characterized. The efficiency of light utilization for photosynthesis was decreased in the mutant. Absorption spectra at 77 K and their fourth derivative analyses revealed that peaks of each chlorophyll forms were blue-shifted by 1-2 nm, suggesting lowered stability of chlorophylls at their binding sites. This was also true both in PSI and PSII complexes. On the other hand, fluorescence emission spectra measured at 77 K were not different between wild type and the mutant. This indicates that the mode of interaction between chlorophyll and its binding pockets responsible for emitting fluorescence at 77 K is not altered in the mutant. P700 difference spectra of thylakoid membranes and PSI complexes showed that the spectrum in Soret region was red-shifted by 7 nm in the mutant. This is a characteristic feature of DV-Chl a. Microenvironments of iron-sulfur center of a terminal electron acceptor of PSI complex, P430, were practically the same as that of wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
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29
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Busch A, Petersen J, Webber-Birungi MT, Powikrowska M, Lassen LMM, Naumann-Busch B, Nielsen AZ, Ye J, Boekema EJ, Jensen ON, Lunde C, Jensen PE. Composition and structure of photosystem I in the moss Physcomitrella patens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:2689-99. [PMID: 23682117 PMCID: PMC3697952 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, bryophytes, which diverged from the ancestor of seed plants more than 400 million years ago, came into focus in photosynthesis research as they can provide valuable insights into the evolution of photosynthetic complexes during the adaptation to terrestrial life. This study isolated intact photosystem I (PSI) with its associated light-harvesting complex (LHCI) from the moss Physcomitrella patens and characterized its structure, polypeptide composition, and light-harvesting function using electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, biochemical, and physiological methods. It became evident that Physcomitrella possesses a strikingly high number of isoforms for the different PSI core subunits as well as LHCI proteins. It was demonstrated that all these different subunit isoforms are expressed at the protein level and are incorporated into functional PSI-LHCI complexes. Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports, it was demonstrated that Physcomitrella assembles a light-harvesting complex consisting of four light-harvesting proteins forming a higher-plant-like PSI superstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Busch
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mariam T. Webber-Birungi
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Powikrowska
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lærke Marie Münter Lassen
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bianca Naumann-Busch
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Juanying Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Egbert J. Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ole Nørregaard Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christina Lunde
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’ and Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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30
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Ikeda Y, Yamagishi A, Komura M, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Shibata Y, Itoh S, Koike H, Satoh K. Two types of fucoxanthin-chlorophyll-binding proteins I tightly bound to the photosystem I core complex in marine centric diatoms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:529-39. [PMID: 23416844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intact fucoxanthin (Fucox)-chlorophyll (Chl)-binding protein I-photosystem I supercomplexes (FCPI-PSIs) were prepared by a newly developed simple fast procedure from centric diatoms Chaetoceros gracilis and Thalassiosira pseudonana to study the mechanism of their efficient solar energy accumulation. FCPI-PSI purified from C. gracilis contained 252 Chl a, 23 Chl c, 56 Fucox, 34 diadinoxanthin+diatoxanthin, 1 violaxanthin, 21 ß-carotene, and 2 menaquinone-4 per P700. The complex showed a high electron transfer activity at 185,000μmolmg Chl a(-1)·h(-1) to reduce methyl viologen from added cytochrome c6. We identified 14 and 21 FCP proteins in FCPI-PSI of C. gracilis and T. pseudonana, respectively, determined by N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. PsaO and a red lineage Chla/b-binding-like protein (RedCAP), Thaps3:270215, were also identified. Severe detergent treatment of FCPI-PSI released FCPI-1 first, leaving the FCPI-2-PSI-core complex. FCPI-1 contained more Chl c and showed Chl a fluorescence at a shorter wavelength than FCPI-2, suggesting an excitation-energy transfer from FCPI-1 to FCPI-2 and then to the PSI core. Fluorescence emission spectra at 17K in FCPI-2 varied depending on the excitation wavelength, suggesting two independent energy transfer routes. We formulated a model of FCPI-PSI based on the biochemical assay results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ikeda
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Harima Science Garden City, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
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31
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Heinnickel ML, Alric J, Wittkopp T, Yang W, Catalanotti C, Dent R, Niyogi KK, Wollman FA, Grossman AR. Novel thylakoid membrane GreenCut protein CPLD38 impacts accumulation of the cytochrome b6f complex and associated regulatory processes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7024-36. [PMID: 23303190 PMCID: PMC3591612 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.427476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on previous comparative genomic analyses, a set of nearly 600 polypeptides was identified that is present in green algae and flowering and nonflowering plants but is not present (or is highly diverged) in nonphotosynthetic organisms. The gene encoding one of these “GreenCut” proteins, CPLD38, is in the same operon as ndhL in most cyanobacteria; the NdhL protein is part of a complex essential for cyanobacterial respiration. A cpld38 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii does not grow on minimal medium, is high light-sensitive under photoheterotrophic conditions, has lower accumulation of photosynthetic complexes, reduced photosynthetic electron flow to P700+, and reduced photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII); these phenotypes are rescued by a wild-type copy of CPLD38. Single turnover flash experiments and biochemical analyses demonstrated that cytochrome b6f function was severely compromised, and the levels of transcripts and polypeptide subunits of the cytochrome b6f complex were also significantly lower in the cpld38 mutant. Furthermore, subunits of the cytochrome b6f complex in mutant cells turned over much more rapidly than in wild-type cells. Interestingly, PTOX2 and NDA2, two major proteins involved in chlororespiration, were more than 5-fold higher in mutants relative to wild-type cells, suggesting a shift in the cpld38 mutant from photosynthesis toward chlororespiratory metabolism, which is supported by experiments that quantify the reduction state of the plastoquinone pool. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that CPLD38 impacts the stability of the cytochrome b6f complex and possibly plays a role in balancing redox inputs to the quinone pool from photosynthesis and chlororespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Heinnickel
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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32
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Dall'Osto L, Holt NE, Kaligotla S, Fuciman M, Cazzaniga S, Carbonera D, Frank HA, Alric J, Bassi R. Zeaxanthin protects plant photosynthesis by modulating chlorophyll triplet yield in specific light-harvesting antenna subunits. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:41820-34. [PMID: 23066020 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.405498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are particularly prone to photo-oxidative damage caused by excess light. Photoprotection is essential for photosynthesis to proceed in oxygenic environments either by scavenging harmful reactive intermediates or preventing their accumulation to avoid photoinhibition. Carotenoids play a key role in protecting photosynthesis from the toxic effect of over-excitation; under excess light conditions, plants accumulate a specific carotenoid, zeaxanthin, that was shown to increase photoprotection. In this work we genetically dissected different components of zeaxanthin-dependent photoprotection. By using time-resolved differential spectroscopy in vivo, we identified a zeaxanthin-dependent optical signal characterized by a red shift in the carotenoid peak of the triplet-minus-singlet spectrum of leaves and pigment-binding proteins. By fractionating thylakoids into their component pigment binding complexes, the signal was found to originate from the monomeric Lhcb4-6 antenna components of Photosystem II and the Lhca1-4 subunits of Photosystem I. By analyzing mutants based on their sensitivity to excess light, the red-shifted triplet-minus-singlet signal was tightly correlated with photoprotection in the chloroplasts, suggesting the signal implies an increased efficiency of zeaxanthin in controlling chlorophyll triplet formation. Fluorescence-detected magnetic resonance analysis showed a decrease in the amplitude of signals assigned to chlorophyll triplets belonging to the monomeric antenna complexes of Photosystem II upon zeaxanthin binding; however, the amplitude of carotenoid triplet signal does not increase correspondingly. Results show that the high light-induced binding of zeaxanthin to specific proteins plays a major role in enhancing photoprotection by modulating the yield of potentially dangerous chlorophyll-excited states in vivo and preventing the production of singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dall'Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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33
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Deng G, Liu F, Liu X, Zhao J. Significant energy transfer from CpcG2-phycobilisomes to photosystem I in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 in the absence of ApcD-dependent state transitions. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2342-5. [PMID: 22659186 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hemidiscoidal phycobilisomes (PBS), the major light harvesting complexes of photosynthesis in most cyanobacteria, are composed of rods and cores, which are linked by the linker CpcG1 (L(RC)). Another type of PBS, CpcG2-PBS exits and their function in energy transfer has not been fully understood. We measured growth rates, absorption cross-sections and quantum efficiency of photosystem I in mutant strains of Synechococcus PCC sp. 7002 lacking the linker CpcG2. Our results showed that energy transfer from CpcG2-PBS to PSI in the absence of state transitions could be significant under PBS-absorbing light and energy transfer from two types of PBS is independent to each other. Evidence also suggested that CpcG2 anchors the CpcG2-PBS to thylakoid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Chauvet A, Dashdorj N, Golbeck JH, Johnson TW, Savikhin S. Spectral resolution of the primary electron acceptor A0 in Photosystem I. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3380-6. [PMID: 22332796 DOI: 10.1021/jp211246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reduced state of the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem I, A(0), was resolved spectroscopically in its lowest energy Q(y) region for the first time without the addition of chemical reducing agents and without extensive data manipulation. To carry this out, we used the menB mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in which phylloquinone is replaced by plastoquinone-9 in the A(1) sites of Photosystem I. The presence of plastoquinone-9 slows electron transfer from A(0) to A(1), leading to a long-lived A(0)(-) state. This allows its spectral signature to be readily detected in a time-resolved optical pump-probe experiment. The maximum bleaching (A(0)(-) - A(0)) was found to occur at 684 nm with a corresponding extinction coefficient of 43 mM(-1) cm(-1). The data show evidence for an electrochromic shift of an accessory chlorophyll pigment, suggesting that the latter Q(y) absorption band is centered around 682 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Chauvet
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Schlodder E, Hussels M, Çetin M, Karapetyan NV, Brecht M. Fluorescence of the various red antenna states in photosystem I complexes from cyanobacteria is affected differently by the redox state of P700. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:1423-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Xu W, Wang Y, Taylor E, Laujac A, Gao L, Savikhin S, Chitnis PR. Mutational analysis of photosystem I of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: the role of four conserved aromatic residues in the j-helix of PsaB. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24625. [PMID: 21931782 PMCID: PMC3171458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I is the light-driven plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase in the photosynthetic electron transfer of cyanobacteria and plants. Two histidyl residues in the symmetric transmembrane helices A-j and B-j provide ligands for the P700 chlorophyll molecules of the reaction center of photosystem I. To determine the role of conserved aromatic residues adjacent to the histidyl molecule in the helix of B-j, we generated six site-directed mutants of the psaB gene in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Three mutant strains with W645C, W643C/A644I and S641C/V642I substitutions could grow photoautotrophically and showed no obvious reduction in the photosystem I activity. Kinetics of P700 re-reduction by plastocyanin remained unaltered in these mutants. In contrast, the strains with H651C/L652M, F649C/G650I and F647C substitutions could not grow under photoautotrophic conditions because those mutants had low photosystem I activity, possibly due to low levels of proteins. A procedure to select spontaneous revertants from the mutants that are incapable to photoautotrophic growth resulted in three revertants that were used in this study. The molecular analysis of the spontaneous revertants suggested that an aromatic residue at F647 and a small residue at G650 may be necessary for maintaining the structural integrity of photosystem I. The (P700⁺-P700) steady-state absorption difference spectrum of the revertant F647Y has a ∼5 nm narrower peak than the recovered wild-type, suggesting that additional hydroxyl group of this revertant may participate in the interaction with the special pair while the photosystem I complexes of the F649C/G650T and H651Q mutants closely resemble the wild-type spectrum. The results presented here demonstrate that the highly conserved residues W645, W643 and F649 are not critical for maintaining the integrity and in mediating electron transport from plastocyanin to photosystem I. Our data suggest that an aromatic residue is required at position of 647 for structural integrity and/or function of photosystem I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Eric Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Amelie Laujac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Liyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Sergei Savikhin
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Parag R. Chitnis
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Thangaraj B, Jolley CC, Sarrou I, Bultema JB, Greyslak J, Whitelegge JP, Lin S, Kouřil R, Subramanyam R, Boekema EJ, Fromme P. Efficient light harvesting in a dark, hot, acidic environment: the structure and function of PSI-LHCI from Galdieria sulphuraria. Biophys J 2011; 100:135-43. [PMID: 21190665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I-light harvesting complex I (PSI-LHCI) was isolated from the thermoacidophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria, and its structure, composition, and light-harvesting function were characterized by electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and ultrafast optical spectroscopy. The results show that Galdieria PSI is a monomer with core features similar to those of PSI from green algae, but with significant differences in shape and size. A comparison with the crystal structure of higher plant (pea) PSI-LHCI indicates that Galdieria PSI binds seven to nine light-harvesting proteins. Results from ultrafast optical spectroscopy show that the functional coupling of the LHCI proteins to the PSI core is tighter than in other eukaryotic PSI-LHCI systems reported thus far. This tight coupling helps Galdieria perform efficient light harvesting under the low-light conditions present in its natural endolithic habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakumar Thangaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Nakamura A, Suzawa T, Kato Y, Watanabe T. Species Dependence of the Redox Potential of the Primary Electron Donor P700 in Photosystem I of Oxygenic Photosynthetic Organisms Revealed by Spectroelectrochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 52:815-23. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Methods for the isolation of functional photosystem II core particles from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Methods Mol Biol 2010. [PMID: 20960119 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-925-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
This chapter contains the description of several methods used for the isolation of functional photosystem II (PS II) core particles from wild type, photosystem I-less, and CP47 histidine-tagged cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The presented protocols cover cultivation of photosystem I-containing and photosystem I-less cells, isolation of thylakoid membranes, purification of PS II core particles using a weak cation exchange or metal affinity column chromatography, and characterization of the final preparation. These isolation procedures yield highly active oxygen-evolving PS II particles and can be easily adapted for obtaining preparations from Synechocystis mutants with genetically modified photosystem II.
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Melis A, Brown JS. Stoichiometry of system I and system II reaction centers and of plastoquinone in different photosynthetic membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 77:4712-6. [PMID: 16592861 PMCID: PMC349916 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.8.4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of photochemical centers and of plastoquinone were measured in several kinds of photosynthetic membranes by optical difference spectroscopy. Photosystem I reaction centers were measured from the light-induced absorbance change at 700 nm (oxidation of the primary electron donor, P700). Photosystem II reaction centers were estimated from the light-induced absorbance change at 325 nm (reduction of the primary electron acceptor, Q). Spinach chloroplasts and membrane fractions obtained by French press treatment, mature and developing pea chloroplasts, and blue-green algal membranes were investigated. No loss of primary photochemical activity occurred during fractionation of the chloroplasts. The results indicated a large variability in the ratio of system II to system I reaction centers (from 0.43 to 3.3) in different photosynthetic membranes. Oxygen-evolving plants may change the ratio of their photosystems in response to environmental light conditions. The amount of photoreducible plastoquinone was also measured at 263 nm. In spinach chloroplasts, seven to eight plastoquinone molecules were found per reaction center of system II. Most of the plastoquinone pool was associated with the grana. However, the ratio of chemically determined plastoquinone to chlorophyll was similar in the grana and stroma thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Melis
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Plant Biology, 290 Panama Street, Stanford, California 94305
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41
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Mimuro M, Yokono M, Akimoto S. Variations in Photosystem I Properties in the Primordial CyanobacteriumGloeobacter violaceusPCC 7421. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:62-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Kim EH, Li XP, Razeghifard R, Anderson JM, Niyogi KK, Pogson BJ, Chow WS. The multiple roles of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complexes define structure and optimize function of Arabidopsis chloroplasts: A study using two chlorophyll b-less mutants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:973-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Eichelmann H, Talts E, Oja V, Padu E, Laisk A. Rubisco in planta kcat is regulated in balance with photosynthetic electron transport. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:4077-88. [PMID: 19661266 PMCID: PMC2755028 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Site turnover rate (k(cat)) of Rubisco was measured in intact leaves of different plants. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth.) leaves were taken from field-growing plants. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), wild type (wt), Rubisco-deficient (-RBC), FNR-deficient (-FNR), and Cyt b(6)f deficient (-CBF) transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were grown in a growth chamber. Rubisco protein was measured with quantitative SDS-PAGE and FNR protein content with quantitative immunoblotting. The Cyt b(6)f level was measured in planta by maximum electron transport rate and the photosystem I (PSI) content was assessed by titration with far-red light. The CO(2) response of Rubisco was measured in planta with a fast-response gas exchange system at maximum ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate concentration. Reaction site k(cat) was calculated from V(m) and Rubisco content. Biological variation of k(cat) was significant, ranging from 1.5 to 4 s(-1) in wt, but was >6 s(-1) at 23 degrees C in -RBC leaves. The lowest k(cat) of 0.5 s(-1) was measured in -FNR and -CBF plants containing sufficient Rubisco but having slow electron transport rates. Plotting k(cat) against PSI per Rubisco site resulted in a hyperbolic relationship where wt plants are on the initial slope. A model is suggested in which Rubisco Activase is converted into an active ATP-form on thylakoid membranes with the help of a factor related to electron transport. The activation of Rubisco is accompanied by the conversion of the ATP-form into an inactive ADP-form. The ATP and ADP forms of Activase shuttle between thylakoid membranes and stromally-located Rubisco. In normal wt plants the electron transport-related activation of Activase is rate-limiting, maintaining 50-70% Rubisco sites in the inactive state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A. Laisk
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail:
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44
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Grimme RA, Lubner CE, Golbeck JH. Maximizing H2 production in Photosystem I/dithiol molecular wire/platinum nanoparticle bioconjugates. Dalton Trans 2009:10106-13. [DOI: 10.1039/b909137h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Schenderlein M, Çetin M, Barber J, Telfer A, Schlodder E. Spectroscopic studies of the chlorophyll d containing photosystem I from the cyanobacterium, Acaryochloris marina. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:1400-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Ikeda Y, Komura M, Watanabe M, Minami C, Koike H, Itoh S, Kashino Y, Satoh K. Photosystem I complexes associated with fucoxanthin-chlorophyll-binding proteins from a marine centric diatom, Chaetoceros gracilis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:351-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Krzystyniak M, Shen G, Golbeck JH, Antonkine ML. Investigation of water bound to photosystem I with multiquantum filtered 17 O nuclear magnetic resonance. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:014503. [PMID: 18190200 DOI: 10.1063/1.2813891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new analytical approach was developed to characterize the properties of water molecules bound to macromolecules in solution using 17 O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation. A combination of conventional (single-quantum) and triple-quantum filtered Hahn echo and inversion recovery measurements was employed. From measured relaxation rate constants, the fraction and the correlation time of bound H2 17 O molecules and the relaxation rate constant of bulk water in solution were calculated. This was done by solving analytically a set of nonlinear equations describing the overall relaxation rate constants in the presence of chemical exchange between bulk and bound water. The analytical approach shows the uniqueness of the solution for a given set of three relaxation rate constants. This important result sheds light on the data reduction problem from 17 O NMR experiments on biological systems. Water bound in photosystem I isolated from the wild type and rubA variant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis species PCC 7002 was investigated for the first time. The analysis revealed that photosystem I isolated from the wild type binds 1720+/-110 water molecules, whereas photosystem I isolated from the rubA variant binds only 1310+/-170. The accuracy of the method proposed can be increased by further 17 O enrichment. The methodology, established for the first time in this work, allows the study of a diverse range of biological samples regardless of their size and molecular weight. Applied initially to photosystem I, this novel method has important consequences for the future investigation of the assembly of biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krzystyniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Sekr. C 2, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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48
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Veith T, Büchel C. The monomeric photosystem I-complex of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum binds specific fucoxanthin chlorophyll proteins (FCPs) as light-harvesting complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:1428-35. [PMID: 18028870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A photosystem I (PSI)-fucoxanthin chlorophyll protein (FCP) complex with a chlorophyll a/P700 ratio of approximately 200:1 was isolated from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Spectroscopic analysis proved that the more tightly bound FCP functions as a light-harvesting complex, actively transferring light energy from its accessory pigments chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin to the PSI core. Using an antibody against all FCP polypeptides of Cyclotella cryptica it could be shown that the polypeptides of the major FCP fraction differ from the FCPs found in the PSI fraction. Since these FCPs are tightly bound to PSI, active in energy transfer, and not found in the main FCP fraction, we suppose them to be PSI specific. Blue Native-PAGE, gel filtration and first electron microscopy studies of the PSI-FCP sample revealed a monomeric complex comparable in size and shape to the PSI-LHCI complex of green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Veith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Siesmayerstrasse 70, D-60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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49
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Fan DY, Hope AB, Smith PJ, Jia H, Pace RJ, Anderson JM, Chow WS. The stoichiometry of the two photosystems in higher plants revisited. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:1064-72. [PMID: 17618597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The stoichiometry of Photosystem II (PSII) to Photosystem I (PSI) reaction centres in spinach leaf segments was determined by two methods, each capable of being applied to monitor the presence of both photosystems in a given sample. One method was based on a fast electrochromic (EC) signal, which in the millisecond time scale represents a change in the delocalized electric potential difference across the thylakoid membrane resulting from charge separation in both photosystems. This method was applied to leaf segments, thus avoiding any potential artefacts associated with the isolation of thylakoid membranes. Two variations of this method, suppressing PSII activity by prior photoinactivation (in spinach and poplar leaf segments) or suppressing PSI by photo-oxidation of P700 (the chlorophyll dimer in PSI) with background far-red light (in spinach, poplar and cucumber leaf segments), each gave the separate contribution of each photosystem to the fast EC signal; the PSII/PSI stoichiometry obtained by this method was in the range 1.5-1.9 for the three plant species, and 1.5-1.8 for spinach in particular. A second method, based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), gave values in a comparable range of 1.7-2.1 for spinach. A third method, which consisted of separately determining the content of functional PSII in leaf segments by the oxygen yield per single turnover-flash and that of PSI by photo-oxidation of P700 in thylakoids isolated from the corresponding leaves, gave a PSII/PSI stoichiometry (1.5-1.7) that was consistent with the above values. It is concluded that the ratio of PSII to PSI reaction centres is considerably higher than unity in typical higher plants, in contrast to a surprisingly low PSII/PSI ratio of 0.88, determined by EPR, that was reported for spinach grown in a cabinet under far-red-deficient light in Sweden [Danielsson et al. (2004) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1608: 53-61]. We suggest that the low PSII/PSI ratio in the Swedish spinach, grown in far-red-deficient light with a lower PSII content, is not due to greater accuracy of the EPR method of measurement, as suggested by the authors, but is rather due to the growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Fan
- Photobioenergetics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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50
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Yamazaki JY, Kozu A, Fukunaga Y. Characterization of chlorophyll-protein complexes isolated from two marine green algae, Bryopsis maxima and Ulva pertusa, growing in the intertidal zone. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2006; 89:19-25. [PMID: 16729200 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-006-9064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Three Chl-protein complexes were isolated from thylakoid membranes of Bryopsis maxima and Ulva pertusa, marine green algae that inhabit the intertidal zone of the Pacific Ocean off the eastern coast of Japan by dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The slowest-moving fractions showed low Chl a/b and Chl/P-700 ratios, indicating that this fraction corresponds to complexes in PS I, which is large in both algae. The intermediate and fastest-moving fractions showed the traits of PS II complexes, with some associated Chl a/b-protein complexes and LHC II, respectively. The spectral properties of the separated Chl-proteins were also determined. The absorption spectra showed a shallow shoulder at 540 nm derived from siphonaxanthin in Bryopsis maxima, but not in Ulva pertusa. The 77 K emission spectra showed a single peak in Bryopsis maxima and two peaks in Ulva pertusa. Besides the excitation spectra indicated that the excitation energy transfer to the PS I complexes differed quite a lot higher plants. This suggested that the mechanisms of energy transfer in both of these algae differ from those of higher plants. Considering the light environment of this coastal area, the large size of the antennae of PS I complexes implies that the antennae are arranged so as to balance light absorption between the two photosystems. In addition, we discuss the relationships among the photosystem stoichiometry, the energy transfer, and the distribution between the two photosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ya Yamazaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
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