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Peters BJ, Groninger AS, Fontes FL, Crick DC, Crans DC. Differences in Interactions of Benzoic Acid and Benzoate with Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9451-9. [PMID: 27482911 PMCID: PMC6168200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of benzoic acid and benzoate with model membrane systems was characterized to understand the molecular interactions of the two forms of a simple aromatic acid with the components of the membrane. The microemulsion system based on bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) allowed determination of the molecular positioning using 1D NMR and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. Benzoic acid and benzoate were both found to penetrate the membrane/water interfaces; however, the benzoic acid was able to penetrate much deeper and thus is more readily able to traverse a membrane. The Langmuir monolayer model system, using dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, was used as a generic membrane lipid for a cell. Compression isotherms of monolayers demonstrated a pH dependent interaction with a lipid monolayer and confirming the pH dependent observations shown in the reverse micellar model system. These studies provide an explanation for the antimicrobial activity of benzoic acid while benzoate is inactive. Furthermore, these studies form the framework upon which we are investigating the mode of bacterial uptake of pyrazinoic acid, the active form of pyrazinamide, a front line drug used to combat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Peters
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, §Cell and Molecular Biology Program, and ∥Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Allison S Groninger
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, §Cell and Molecular Biology Program, and ∥Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Fabio L Fontes
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, §Cell and Molecular Biology Program, and ∥Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Dean C Crick
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, §Cell and Molecular Biology Program, and ∥Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, §Cell and Molecular Biology Program, and ∥Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Denisov SS, Kotova EA, Khailova LS, Korshunova GA, Antonenko YN. Tuning the hydrophobicity overcomes unfavorable deprotonation making octylamino-substituted 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (n-octylamino-NBD) a protonophore and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 98:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Hayes ML, Roden R. The Effects of Potassium Fluoride and Potassium Laurate on pH Gradients inStreptococcus downeii. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910609009140126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Hayes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - R. Roden
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Balaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA.
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Labieniec M, Przygodzki T, Čársky J, Malinska D, Rysz J, Watala C. Effects of resorcylidene aminoguanidine (RAG) on selected parameters of isolated rat liver mitochondria. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 179:280-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 11/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Lichtenberg D, Barenholz Y. Liposomes: preparation, characterization, and preservation. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 33:337-462. [PMID: 3282152 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110546.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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DeLuca DC, Hinds T, Winter CG. Carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones as probes of the anionic activator site of the human erythrocyte glutathione adduct transport ATPase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 342:182-6. [PMID: 9185628 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the ATPase activity associated with the erythrocyte glutathione adduct transporter is also stimulated by 2,4-dinitrophenol and p-trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone, both well-known anionic and lipophilic uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria [C. G. Winter, D. C. DeLuca, and H. Szumilo (1994) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 314, 17-22]. In this paper, we report the testing of a series of ring-substituted carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazones as activators of the ATPase. All of the compounds tested stimulated the ATPase to similar extents, based on Vmax values. The K0.5 for stimulation of the ATPase depended on the electron-withdrawing characteristics of the ring substituents, resulting in a Hammett linear free energy relationship for the m- and p-substituted derivatives. The slope of this relationship, with lower K0.5 values for electron-withdrawing substituents, suggests that an anionic residue in the active site partially discourages binding of this class of activators. ortho-Substituted carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazones do not follow this relationship, but show lower apparent affinities than expected from their pKa values. This finding suggests that steric effects in that region of the binding site negatively influence the affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas College of Medicine, Little Rock 72205, USA
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8
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Roe JN, Szoka FC, Verkman AS. Optical measurement of aqueous potassium concentration by a hydrophobic indicator in lipid vesicles. Biophys Chem 1989; 33:295-302. [PMID: 2804247 DOI: 10.1016/0301-4622(89)80031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An assay was developed for K+ in aqueous solution at neutral pH. The method was based on the change in optical absorbance of the hydrophobic indicator 7-(n-decyl)-2-methyl-4-(3',5'-dichlorophen-4'-one)indonaphthl++ +-1-ol (MEDPIN) in phospholipid vesicles. Formation of a ternary complex between a valinomycin-K+ pair and the anionic form of MEDPIN in the bilayer resulted in an absorption band at 584 nm. K+ concentration was determined by monitoring the MEDPIN absorbance at 584 nm and MEDPIN quenching of lissamine rhodamine B sulfonylphosphatidylethanolamine (L-RhB-PE) fluorescence by an energy-transfer mechanism. Both the fluorescence intensity and lifetime of L-RhB-PE decreased by more than 25% upon addition of 50 mM K+. Kinetic studies using stopped-flow photometry showed a single-exponential reaction of MEDPIN and valinomycin in vesicles with aqueous K+ (maximum rate 1.7 s-1) that was dependent upon [valinomycin] and [K+]. The lipid surface charge was shown to influence the ratio of anionic to neutral MEDPIN at constant pH, and to alter the sensitivity of MEDPIN absorbance to aqueous [K+]. A 1:20 neutral/negative lipid mole ratio was optimal for K+ detection at pH 7.4. Spectroscopic and kinetic data suggest that the optical response of MEDPIN to K+ involves the formation of a ternary complex between K+, valinomycin and MEDPIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Roe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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9
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Wakabayashi S, Ogurusu T, Shigekawa M. Mechanism for 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide-induced activation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)37588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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MacLeod RA, Wisse GA, Stejskal FL. Sensitivity of some marine bacteria, a moderate halophile, and Escherichia coli to uncouplers at alkaline pH. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:4330-7. [PMID: 3045092 PMCID: PMC211446 DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.9.4330-4337.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of uncouplers on amino acid transport into three marine bacteria, Vibrio alginolyticus 118, Vibrio parahaemolyticus 113, and Alteromonas haloplanktis 214, into a moderate halophile, Vibrio costicola NRC 37001, and into Escherichia coli K-12 were found to vary depending upon the uncoupler tested, its concentration, and the pH. Higher concentrations of all of the uncouplers were required to inhibit transport at pH 8.5 than at pH 7.0. The protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone showed the greatest reduction in inhibitory capacity as the pH was increased, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone showed less reduction, and 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide was almost as effective as an inhibitor of amino acid transport at pH 8.5 as at pH 7.0 for all of the organisms except A. haloplanktis 214. Differences between the protonophores in their relative activities at pHs 7.0 and 8.5 were attributed to differences in their pK values. 3,3',4',5-Tetrachlorosalicylanilide, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, and NaCN all inhibited Na+ extrusion from Na+-loaded cells of V. alginolyticus 118 at pH 8.5. The results support the conclusion that Na+ extrusion from this organism at pH 8.5 occurs as a result of Na+/H+ antiport activity. Data are presented indicating the presence in V. alginolyticus 118 of an NADH oxidase which is stimulated by Na+ at pH 8.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A MacLeod
- Department of Microbiology, Macdonald College McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Smejtek P, Wang SR, Barstad AW. Adsorption of ionized and neutral pentachlorophenol to phosphatidylcholine membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 905:213-21. [PMID: 3676311 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(87)90025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have studied adsorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes by measuring the electrophoretic mobility of multilayered lipid vesicles in PCP solutions. PC vesicles become negatively charged due to the adsorption of ionized PCP, and we have found that their zeta potential depends upon the ionic strength and pH of the aqueous suspension. We have shown that the experimental results can be adequately accounted for in terms of a two-component Langmuir-Stern-Grahame adsorption model assuming that the 'PCP adsorption sites' are occupied either by the neutral (HA) or the ionized (A-) species. The characteristics of adsorption isotherms of the PCP - PC membrane are as follows: the association constants are KA = 55,000 dm3/mol, KHA = 279,000 dm3/mol; 4.3 PC molecules make up each PCP adsorption site at saturation; the linear partition coefficients are beta HA = (15.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(-5) m and beta A = (3.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(-5) m. The properties of PCP adsorption isotherms for PC membranes predict an increased pKa value of membrane-bound PCP, which has been observed in related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Smejtek
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, OR 97207
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12
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Kasianowicz J, Benz R, McLaughlin S. How do protons cross the membrane-solution interface? Kinetic studies on bilayer membranes exposed to the protonophore S-13 (5-chloro-3-tert-butyl-2'-chloro-4' nitrosalicylanilide). J Membr Biol 1987; 95:73-89. [PMID: 3031309 DOI: 10.1007/bf01869632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple carrier model describes adequately the transport of protons across lipid bilayer membranes by the weak acid S-13. We determined the adsorption coefficients of the anionic, A-, and neutral, HA, forms of the weak acid and the rate constants for the movement of A- and HA across the membrane by equilibrium dialysis, electrophoretic mobility, membrane potential, membrane conductance, and spectrophotometric measurements. These measurements agree with the results of voltage clamp and charge pulse kinetic experiments. We considered three mechanisms by which protons can cross the membrane-solution interface. An anion adsorbed to the interface can be protonated by a H+ ion in the aqueous phase (protolysis), a buffer molecule in the aqueous phase or water molecules (hydrolysis). We demonstrated that the first reaction cannot provide the required flux of protons: the rate at which H+ must combine with the adsorbed anions is greater than the rate at which diffusion-limited reactions occur in the bulk aqueous phase. We also ruled out the possibility that the buffer is the main source of protons: the rate at which buffers must combine with the adsorbed anions is greater than the diffusion-limited rate when we reduced the concentration of polyanionic buffer adjacent to the membrane-solution interface by using membranes with a negative surface charge. A simple analysis demonstrates that a hydrolysis reaction can account for the kinetic data. Experiments at acid pH demonstrate that the transfer of H+ from the membrane to the aqueous phase is limited by the rate at which OH- combines with adsorbed HA and that the diffusion coefficient of OH- in the water adjacent to the bilayer has a value characteristic of bulk water. Our experimental results demonstrate that protons are capable of moving rapidly across the membrane-solution interface, which argues against some mechanisms of local chemiosmosis.
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Kraayenhof R, De Wolf F, Van Walraven H, Krab K. The significance of interfacial charge and proton displacements for the mechanism of energy transduction in biomembranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0302-4598(86)85007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Pal R, Petri WA, Barenholz Y, Wagner RR. Lipid and protein contributions to the membrane surface potential of vesicular stomatitis virus probed by a fluorescent pH indicator, 4-heptadecyl-7-hydroxycoumarin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 729:185-92. [PMID: 6299350 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(83)90484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The surface potential of membranes of vesicular stomatitis virus and liposomes was determined by shift of ionization over a wide pH range of the membrane-inserted fluorophore, 4-heptadecyl-7-hydroxycoumarin. Incorporation into sonicated vesicles of negatively charged phosphatidylserine markedly increased the surface potential of uncharged phosphatidylcholine, but no significant effect on surface potential was produced by polar but uncharged glucocerebroside incorporated in phosphatidylcholine vesicles. The membrane of vesicular stomatitis virus was found to have a moderately high surface potential. Contributing to this viral membrane surface potential were glycoprotein spikes and phospholipid headgroups as determined by lowered charge after treatment of intact virions with thermolysin to remove glycoprotein or phospholipase C to remove phospholipid headgroups. The role of viral glycoprotein was confirmed by demonstrating increased surface charge of vesicles reconstituted with both viral glycoprotein and lipids compared with vesicles reconstituted with viral lipids alone. An unexpected finding was the large contribution to surface potential of cholesterol present in viral membrane. Increasing cholesterol concentration in virions by interaction with cholesterol-complexed serum lipoproteins resulted in a marked decrease in surface potential, whereas 75% depletion of virion cholesterol by interaction with sphingomyelin-complexed serum lipoproteins resulted in a significant increase in virion membrane surface potential. Although removal of glycoprotein spikes or depletion of cholesterol causes reduction in infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus, no direct correlation could be found between alteration in surface charge and infectivity.
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15
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Benz R, McLaughlin S. The molecular mechanism of action of the proton ionophore FCCP (carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone). Biophys J 1983; 41:381-98. [PMID: 6838976 PMCID: PMC1329191 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(83)84449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a simple model that accounts for the ability of the weak acid FCCP (Carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) to both transport protons across phospholipid bilayer membranes and uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in mitochondria. Four parameters are required to characterize this model: the rate constant for the movement of A- across the membrane, kA, the rate constant for the movement of HA across the membrane, kHA, the adsorption coefficient of A- onto the membrane-solution interface, beta A, and the surface pK. These four parameters were determined from kinetic measurements on planar bilayer membranes using the charge-pulse and voltage-clamp techniques. We confirmed the adequacy of the model by determining each of these parameters independently, utilizing equilibrium dialysis, zeta potential, membrane potential, spectrophotometric, and conductance measurements. For a phosphatidylethanolamine bilayer the values of the parameters are kHA = 10(4)S-1, beta A = 3 10(-3) cm, and 6.0 less than pK less than 6.4. As predicted theoretically, the value of KA depends on both the applied voltage, V, and dielectric constant of the membrane, epsilon r; when V approaches zero and the membrane contains chlorodecane (epsilon r congruent to 2.7) kA = 700 s-1. If oxidation is coupled to phosphorylation by means of a delta microH+, and V er congruent to 2.7 for the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, the model predicts that FCCP should exert maximal uncoupling activity at a pH congruent to pK. This prediction agrees with the published experimental results.
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Crane FL, Roberts H, Linnane AW, Löw H. Transmembrane ferricyanide reduction by cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1982; 14:191-205. [PMID: 7047521 DOI: 10.1007/bf00745020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Both respiratory-competent and respiratory-deficient yeast cells reduce external ferricyanide. The reduction is stimulated by ethanol and inhibited by the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, pyrazole. The reduction of ferricyanide is not inhibited by inhibitors of mitochondrial or microsomal ferricyanide reduction. Cells in exponential-phase growth show a much higher rate of ferricyanide reduction. The reduction of ferricyanide is accompanied by increased release of protons by the yeast cells. We propose that the ferricyanide reduction is carried out by a transmembrane NADH dehydrogenase.
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Michels M, Bakker EP. The mechanism of uncoupling by picrate in Escherichia coli K-12 membrane systems. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 116:513-9. [PMID: 6790280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of the uncoupler picrate on intact cells and everted membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli K-12 was investigated. Like in mitochondria [Hanstein, W. G. and Hatefi, Y. (1974) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 71, 288-292], it was observed that picrate uncoupled energy-linked functions only in everted, but not in intact membrane systems. In the vesicles picrate also decreased the magnitude of the transmembrane proton-motive force at concentrations similar to those at which it caused uncoupling. Experiments with 14C-labelled picrate showed that this compound bound both to deenergized intact cells and everted vesicles. However, upon energization of the membrane, picrate was extruded from the intact cell and taken up to a larger extent by the vesicles. These energy-dependent changes in picrate uptake correlated with the magnitude of the transmembrane electrical potential, delta psi. It is therefore proposed that picrate is a permeant uncoupler, that delta psi is the driving force for picrate movement across biological membranes, and that the uncoupling activity of picrate in everted membrane systems is due to its protonophoric action.
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Mukohata Y, Kaji Y. Light-induced membrane-potential increase, ATP synthesis, and proton uptake in Halobacterium halobium, R1mR catalyzed by halorhodopsin: Effects of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, triphenyltin chloride, and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile (SF6847). Arch Biochem Biophys 1981; 206:72-6. [PMID: 6260033 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Rendon A, Waksman A. Dynamic organization of mitochondrial membranes: a crosslinking study with dimethylsuberimidate. Arch Biochem Biophys 1980; 204:425-33. [PMID: 7447456 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(80)90053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Schapendonk AH, Hemrika-Wagner AM, Theuvenet AP, Sang HW, Vredenberg WJ, Kraayenhof R. Energy-dependent changes of the electrokinetic properties of chloroplasts. Biochemistry 1980; 19:1922-7. [PMID: 7378383 DOI: 10.1021/bi00550a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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21
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Proton transport through membranes induced by weak acids: A study of two substituted benzimidazoles. J Membr Biol 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01868755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Lock EA. Toxic action of 2'-chloro-2,4-dinitro-5',6-di(trifluoromethyl) diphenylamine in the rat. Chem Biol Interact 1979; 28:35-46. [PMID: 498364 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(79)90112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
2'-Chloro-2,4-dinitro-5',6-di(trifluoromethyl)diphenylamine (CDTD) is a potent uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in isolated rat liver or brain mitochondria. The concentration of CDTD causing 50% uncoupling in vitro is dependent on the mitochdonrial protein concentration and is 2 nM at 0.9 mg protein/ml for rat liver mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation can be restored to CDTD uncoupled liver mitochondria by the addition of a 10 000-fold molar excess of bovine serum albumin to DCTD. Rats given a lethal dose (7.0 mumol/kg) of CDTD intrapertioneally show signs of toxicity typical of uncoupling agents. Mitochondria isolated from the livers of these rats show almost complete inhibition of ATP synthesis and mitochondria obtained from the livers of rats at various times after a single oral dose show maximal inhibition of ATP synthesis 4 h after dosing with complete recovery by about 24 h. A single oral administration of 58 mumol/kg or above, but not intraperitoneal injection, of CDTD into rats produced an increase in the water content of the brain and spinal cord. The additional fluid has been shown to contain Na+ ions. The increase in cerebral fluid is dose related, no effect being seen at 23 mumol/kg. This extra fluid is thought to be responsible for the hind limb weakness observed in these rats. These observations suggest that there are two facets to CDTD toxicity: early deaths (within 2 h), which appear to be due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, and delayed deaths, 2--3 days after dosing which are probably related to an increase in fluid in the brain and spinal cord.
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Drobnica L, Sturdík E. The reaction of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones with thiols. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1979; 585:462-76. [PMID: 39629 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(79)90091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone and its ring-substituted analogs react with thiols (thioglycolic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol) and aminothiols (cysteine, glutathione) to give corresponding N-(substituted phenyl)-N'-(alkylthiodicyano)-methylhydrazine derivatives. These addition products decompose to the original components in alkaline solution. On the other hand, in the presence of an excess of thiols in aqueous buffered systems the addition reactions are practically quantitative with respect to phenylhydrazones, follow pseudo-first-order kinetics and can be investigated spectrophotometrically. These reactions are of the bimolecular AdN type where the non-dissociated form of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones function as an electrophilic component, while the RS- ion plays the role of nucleophilic component in the case of thiols (the attack of the azomethine group). The reactivitiy of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones with respect to thiols increases in the order carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone less than carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhyrazone less than carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone which corresponds to the order of decreasing values of the pKa constants. On the other hand, the reactivity of thiols increases with their basicity. The reactivity of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone with thiols is comparable with the reactivity of phenyl isothiocyanate and N-ethylmaleimide. It was demonstrated that carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone is an efficient inhibitor of rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12). The results obtained are discussed in relation to the biological activity of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones.
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Kell DB. On the functional proton current pathway of electron transport phosphorylation. An electrodic view. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 549:55-99. [PMID: 38839 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(79)90018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Walz D. Thermodynamics of oxidation-reduction reactions and its application to bioenergetics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 505:279-353. [PMID: 219888 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(79)90007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vaz WL, Nisksch A, Jähnig F. Electrostatic interactions at charged lipid membranes. Measurement of surface pH with fluorescent lipoid pH indicators. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 83:299-305. [PMID: 23947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 5-dimethylaminonapthalene-1-sulfonyl (dansyl) chromophore attached to the polar head groups of lipids has been used as a fluorescent lipoid pH indicator to evaluate the interfacial pH in lipid-water lamellar systems prepared from negatively charged lipids. The pH in the vicinity of the charged lipid bilayers is different from the pH of the bulk aqueous phase and the difference is a function of the electrolyte concentration in the aqueous phase and of the lipid packing in the bilayer. At a fixed electrolyte concentration in the aqueous phase, the observed interfacial pH is 0.6 to 0.7 pH units lower above the thermal phase transition of the lipid than it is below this temperature. A quantitative interpretation of the results is given on the basis of the Gouy-Chapman theory. The results indicate that the dansyl chromophore is located in front of the charged surface and its distance from this surface increases with a decrease in lipid packing.
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Yamaguchi A, Anraku Y, Ikegami S. 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile. Effects of pH on its binding to liposomes and evidence for formation of a ternary complex with valinomycin and potassium ion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 501:150-64. [PMID: 23156 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(78)90103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yamaguchi A, Anraku Y. Mechanism of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene-malononitrile-mediated proton uptake in liposomes. Kinetics of proton uptake compensated by valinomycin-induced K+-efflux. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 501:136-49. [PMID: 23155 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(78)90102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Phelps DC, Hanstein WG. The effect of tetraphenylborate on mitochondrial energy transduction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977; 79:1245-54. [PMID: 146492 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)91140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Reijngoud DJ, Tager JM. The permeability properties of the lysosomal membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 472:419-49. [PMID: 20954 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(77)90005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zimmer G. Carbonylcyanide p-trifluoro-methoxyphenylhydrazone-induced change of mitochondrial membrane structure revealed by lipid and protein spin labeling. Arch Biochem Biophys 1977; 181:26-32. [PMID: 406853 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(77)90479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Electrostatic Potentials at Membrane-Solution Interfaces. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES AND TRANSPORT 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2161(08)60677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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