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Urban A, Rogowski P, Wasilewska-Dębowska W, Romanowska E. Effect of light on the rearrangements of PSI super-and megacomplexes in the non-appressed thylakoid domains of maize mesophyll chloroplasts. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110655. [PMID: 33218624 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated the existence of PSI-LHCI-LHCII-Lhcb4 supercomplexes and PSI-LHCI-PSII-LHCII megacomplexes in the stroma lamellae and grana margins of maize mesophyll chloroplasts; these complexes consist of different LHCII trimers and monomer antenna proteins per PSI photocentre. These complexes are formed in both low (LL) and high (HL) light growth conditions, but with different contents. We attempted to identify the components and structure of these complexes in maize chloroplasts isolated from the leaves of low and high light-grown plants after darkness and transition to far red (FR) light of high intensity. Exposition of plants from high and low light growth condition on FR light induces different rearrangements in the composition of super- and megacomplexes. During FR light exposure, in plants from LL, the PSI-LHCI-LHCII-Lhcb4 supercomplex dissociates into free LHCII-Lhcb4 and PSI-LHCI complexes, and these complexes associate with the PSII monomer. This process occurs differently in plants from HL. Exposition to FR light causes dissociation of both PSI-LHCI-LHCII-Lhcb4 supercomplexes and PSI-PSII megacomplexes. These results suggest a different function of super- and megacomplex organization than the classic state transitions model, which assumes that the movement of LHCII trimers in the thylakoid membraneis considered as a mechanism for balancing light absorption between the two photosystems in light stress. The behavior of the complexes described in this article does not seem to be well explained by this model, i.e., it does not seem likely that the primary purpose of these megacomplexes dynamics is to balance excitation pressure. Rather, as stated in this article, it seems to indicate a role of these complexes for PSI in excitation quenching and for PSII in turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Urban
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Rogowski
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wioleta Wasilewska-Dębowska
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Romanowska
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02096 Warsaw, Poland.
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Wood WHJ, Johnson MP. Modeling the Role of LHCII-LHCII, PSII-LHCII, and PSI-LHCII Interactions in State Transitions. Biophys J 2020; 119:287-299. [PMID: 32621865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the plant chloroplast thylakoid membrane, a complex three-dimensional structure divided into the stacked grana and unstacked stromal lamellae domains. Plants regulate the macro-organization of photosynthetic complexes within the thylakoid membrane to adapt to changing environmental conditions and avoid oxidative stress. One such mechanism is the state transition that regulates photosynthetic light harvesting and electron transfer. State transitions are driven by changes in the phosphorylation of light harvesting complex II (LHCII), which cause a decrease in grana diameter and stacking, a decrease in energetic connectivity between photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers, and an increase in the relative LHCII antenna size of photosystem I (PSI) compared to PSII. Phosphorylation is believed to drive these changes by weakening the intramembrane lateral PSII-LHCII and LHCII-LHCII interactions and the intermembrane stacking interactions between these complexes, while simultaneously increasing the affinity of LHCII for PSI. We investigated the relative roles and contributions of these three types of interaction to state transitions using a lattice-based model of the thylakoid membrane based on existing structural data, developing a novel algorithm to simulate protein complex dynamics. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that state transitions are unlikely to lead to a large-scale migration of LHCII from the grana to the stromal lamellae. Instead, the increased light harvesting capacity of PSI is largely due to the more efficient recruitment of LHCII already residing in the stromal lamellae into PSI-LHCII supercomplexes upon its phosphorylation. Likewise, the increased light harvesting capacity of PSII upon dephosphorylation was found to be driven by a more efficient recruitment of LHCII already residing in the grana into functional PSII-LHCII clusters, primarily driven by lateral interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H J Wood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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3
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Effects of lead on two green microalgae Chlorella and Scenedesmus: photosystem II activity and heterogeneity. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Porcar-Castell A, Tyystjärvi E, Atherton J, van der Tol C, Flexas J, Pfündel EE, Moreno J, Frankenberg C, Berry JA. Linking chlorophyll a fluorescence to photosynthesis for remote sensing applications: mechanisms and challenges. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4065-95. [PMID: 24868038 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) has been used for decades to study the organization, functioning, and physiology of photosynthesis at the leaf and subcellular levels. ChlF is now measurable from remote sensing platforms. This provides a new optical means to track photosynthesis and gross primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Importantly, the spatiotemporal and methodological context of the new applications is dramatically different compared with most of the available ChlF literature, which raises a number of important considerations. Although we have a good mechanistic understanding of the processes that control the ChlF signal over the short term, the seasonal link between ChlF and photosynthesis remains obscure. Additionally, while the current understanding of in vivo ChlF is based on pulse amplitude-modulated (PAM) measurements, remote sensing applications are based on the measurement of the passive solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), which entails important differences and new challenges that remain to be solved. In this review we introduce and revisit the physical, physiological, and methodological factors that control the leaf-level ChlF signal in the context of the new remote sensing applications. Specifically, we present the basis of photosynthetic acclimation and its optical signals, we introduce the physical and physiological basis of ChlF from the molecular to the leaf level and beyond, and we introduce and compare PAM and SIF methodology. Finally, we evaluate and identify the challenges that still remain to be answered in order to consolidate our mechanistic understanding of the remotely sensed SIF signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Porcar-Castell
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jon Atherton
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jaume Flexas
- Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | | | - Jose Moreno
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, Faculty of Physics, University of Valencia, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Christian Frankenberg
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Joseph A Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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de Marchin T, Ghysels B, Nicolay S, Franck F. Analysis of PSII antenna size heterogeneity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during state transitions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:121-30. [PMID: 23891659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PSII antenna size heterogeneity has been intensively studied in the past. Based on DCMU fluorescence rise kinetics, multiple types of photosystems with different properties were described. However, due to the complexity of fluorescence signal analysis, multiple questions remain unanswered. The number of different types of PSII is still debated as well as their degree of connectivity. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii we found that PSIIα possesses a high degree of connectivity and an antenna 2-3 times larger than PSIIβ, as described previously. We also found some connectivity for PSIIβ in contrast with the majority of previous studies. This is in agreement with biochemical studies which describe PSII mega-, super- and core-complexes in Chlamydomonas. In these studies, the smallest unit of PSII in vivo would be a dimer of two core complexes hence allowing connectivity. We discuss the possible relationships between PSIIα and PSIIβ and the PSII mega-, super- and core-complexes. We also showed that strain and medium dependent variations in the half-time of the fluorescence rise can be explained by variations in the proportions of PSIIα and PSIIβ. When analyzing the state transition process in vivo, we found that this process induces an inter-conversion of PSIIα and PSIIβ. During a transition from state 2 to state 1, DCMU fluorescence rise kinetics are satisfactorily fitted by considering two PSII populations with constant kinetic parameters. We discuss our findings about PSII heterogeneity during state transitions in relation with recent results on the remodeling of the pigment-protein PSII architecture during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas de Marchin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, B22, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège/Sart-Tilman, Belgium
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Live-cell imaging of photosystem II antenna dissociation during state transitions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 107:2337-42. [PMID: 20080575 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0908808107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and green algae maintain efficient photosynthesis under changing light environments by adjusting their light-harvesting capacity. It has been suggested that energy redistribution is brought about by shuttling the light-harvesting antenna complex II (LHCII) between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) (state transitions), but such molecular remodeling has never been demonstrated in vivo. Here, using chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, we visualized phospho-LHCII dissociation from PSII in live cells of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Induction of energy redistribution in wild-type cells led to an increase in, and spreading of, a 250-ps lifetime chlorophyll fluorescence component, which was not observed in the stt7 mutant incapable of state transitions. The 250-ps component was also the dominant component in a mutant containing the light-harvesting antenna complexes but no photosystems. The appearance of the 250-ps component was accompanied by activation of LHCII phosphorylation, supporting the visualization of phospho-LHCII dissociation. Possible implications of the unbound phospho-LHCII on energy dissipation are discussed.
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Ruban AV, Johnson MP. Dynamics of higher plant photosystem cross-section associated with state transitions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 99:173-83. [PMID: 19037743 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic state transitions are a well-known phenomenon of short-term adaptation of the photosynthetic membrane to changes in spectral quality of light in low light environments. The principles of the monitoring and quantification of the process in higher plants are revised here. The use of the low-temperature excitation fluorescence spectroscopy for analysis of the photosystem I antenna cross-section dynamics is described. This cross section was found to increase by 20-25% exclusively due to the migration and attachment of LHCIIb complex in State 2. Analysis of the fine structure of the additional PSI cross-section spectrum revealed the 510 nm band, characteristic of Lutein 2 of LHCIIb and present only when the complex is in a trimeric state. The excitation fluorescence spectrum of the phospho-LHCII resembles the spectrum of aggregated and hence quenched LHCII. This novel observation could explain the fact that at no point in the course of the state transition high fluorescence and long lifetime components of detached trimeric LHCII have ever been observed. In the plants lacking Lhcb1 and 2 proteins and unable to perform state transitions, compensatory sustained adjustments of the photosystem I and II antennae have been revealed. Whilst the major part of the photosystem II antenna is built largely of CP26 trimers, possessing less chlorophyll b and more of the red-shifted chlorophyll a, photosystem I in these plants contains more than 20% of extra LHCI antenna enriched in chlorophyll b. Hence, both photosystems in the plants lacking state transitions have less spectrally distinct antennae, which enable to avoid energy imbalance due to the changes in the light quality. These alterations reveal remarkable plasticity of the higher plant photosynthetic antenna design providing the basis for a flexible adaptation to the light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, Fogg Building, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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8
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Timperio AM, Huber CG, Zolla L. Separation and identification of the light harvesting proteins contained in grana and stroma thylakoid membrane fractions. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1040:73-81. [PMID: 15248427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study performed to develop a rapid and straightforward method to resolve and simultaneously identify the light-harvesting proteins of photosystem I (LHCI) and photosystem II (LHCII) present in the grana and stroma of the thylakoid membranes of higher plants. These hydrophobic proteins are embedded in the phospholipid membrane, and their extraction usually requires detergent and time consuming manipulations that may introduce artifacts. The method presented here makes use of digitonin, a detergent which causes rapid (within less than 3 min) cleavage of the thylakoid membrane into two subfractions: appressed (grana) and non-appressed (stroma) membranes, the former enriched in photosystem II and the latter containing mainly photosystem I. From these two fractions identification of the protein components was performed by separating them by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and determining the intact molecular mass by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). By this strategy the ion suppression during ESI-MS that normally occurs in the presence of membrane phospholipids was avoided, since RP-HPLC removed most phospholipids from the analytes. Consequently, high quality mass spectra were extracted from the reconstructed ion chromatograms. The specific cleavage of thylakoid membranes by digitonin, as well as the rapid identification and quantification of the antenna composition of the two complexes facilitate future studies of the lateral migration of the chlorophyll-protein complexes along thylakoid membranes, which is well known to be induced by high intensity light or other environmental stresses. Such investigations could not be performed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis because of insufficient resolution of the proteins having molecular masses between 22,000 and 25,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Timperio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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9
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Ford RC, Stoylova SS, Holzenburg A. An alternative model for photosystem II/light harvesting complex II in grana membranes based on cryo-electron microscopy studies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:326-36. [PMID: 11784327 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The photosynthetic protein complexes in plants are located in the chloroplast thylakoid membranes. These membranes have an ultrastructure that consists of tightly stacked 'grana' regions interconnected by unstacked membrane regions. The structure of isolated grana membranes has been studied here by cryo-electron microscopy. The data reveals an unusual arrangement of the photosynthetic protein complexes, staggered over two tightly stacked planes. Chaotrope treatment of the paired grana membranes has allowed the separation and isolation of two biochemically distinct membrane fractions. These data have led us to an alternative model of the ultrastructure of the grana where segregation exists within the grana itself. This arrangement would change the existing view of plant photosynthesis, and suggests potential links between cyanobacterial and plant photosystem II light harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Ford
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, UMIST, Manchester, UK.
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10
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Allen JF, Holmes NG. A general model for regulation of photosynthetic unit function by protein phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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12
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Rémy R, Ambard-Bretteville F, Dubertret G. Separation of phosphorylated from non-phosphorylated LHCP polypeptides by two-dimensional electrophoresis. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Haworth P, Melis A. Phosphorylation of chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins does not increase the absorption cross-section of photosystem 1. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Stimulation of a cyclic electron-transfer pathway around photosystem II by phosphorylation of chloroplast thylakoid proteins. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)81053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Caron L, Remy R, Berkaloff C. Polypeptide composition of light-harvesting complexes from some brown algae and diatoms. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Allen JF, Forsberg J. Molecular recognition in thylakoid structure and function. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2001; 6:317-26. [PMID: 11435171 DOI: 10.1016/s1360-1385(01)02010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthesis, light-harvesting chlorophyll molecules are shunted between photosystems by phosphorylation of the protein to which they are bound. An anchor for the phosphorylated chlorophyll-protein complex has now been identified in the reaction centre of chloroplast photosystem I. This finding supports the idea that molecular recognition, not membrane surface charge, governs the architecture of the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. We describe a model for the chloroplast thylakoid membrane that is consistent with recent structural data that specify the relative dimensions of intrinsic protein complexes and their dispositions within the membrane. Control of molecular recognition accommodates membrane stacking, lateral heterogeneity and regulation of light-harvesting function by means of protein phosphorylation during state transitions--adaptations that compensate for selective excitation of photosystem I or photosystem II. High-resolution structural description of membrane protein-protein interactions is now required to understand thylakoid structure and regulation of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Allen
- Plant Biochemistry, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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17
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Haldrup A, Jensen PE, Lunde C, Scheller HV. Balance of power: a view of the mechanism of photosynthetic state transitions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2001; 6:301-305. [PMID: 11435168 DOI: 10.1016/s1360-1385(01)01953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis in plants involves photosystem I and photosystem II, both of which use light energy to drive redox processes. Plants can balance the distribution of absorbed light energy between the two photosystems. When photosystem II is favoured, a mobile pool of light harvesting complex II moves from photosystem II to photosystem I. This short-term and reversible redistribution is known as a state transition. It is associated with changes in the phosphorylation of light harvesting complex II but the regulation is complex. Redistribution of energy during state transitions depends on an altered binding equilibrium between the light harvesting complex II-photosystem II and light harvesting complex II-photosystem I complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haldrup
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Dept Plant Biology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Stoylova S, Flint TD, Ford RC, Holzenburg A. Structural analysis of photosystem II in far-red-light-adapted thylakoid membranes. New crystal forms provide evidence for a dynamic reorganization of light-harvesting antennae subunits. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:207-15. [PMID: 10601868 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.00996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied two-dimensional crystals of the major pigment-protein complex, photosystem II, in far-red-light-adapted thylakoid membranes of the viridis-zb63 mutant of barley. Significantly larger grana membranes were produced with an increased synthesis of the entire photosystem II complex. These red-light-adapted membranes also contained two-dimensional crystals with a high frequency. Three different crystal forms of photosystem II were observed, providing the following data which further our understanding of the architecture of the native complex. (a) The oligomeric form of photosystem II in the membrane was monomeric in all crystal forms, but with a clear non-crystallographic pseudo-twofold symmetry. This was more apparent on the lumenal face of the complex. (b) The variability of unit cell contacts in different crystal forms implied that the peripheral light-harvesting antenna complex and the core of the complex were loosely connected. These peripheral subunits were predicted to rearrange so that they can either encircle the core complex or associate in parallel channels separated by lines of core complexes. (c) Grana membranes were found to retain a double-layered inside-out character, with a stromal face-to-stromal face packing. However, the presence of a crystal in one membrane did not necessarily impose crystallinity on its pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stoylova
- School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, UK
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19
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20
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Georgakopoulos JH, Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou JH. On the question of lateral migration of LHC II upon thylakoid protein phosphorylation in isolated pea chloroplasts: the stroma lamellar fraction separated from phosphorylated chloroplasts is not homogeneous. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Ghirardi M, Mahajan S, Sopory S, Edelman M, Mattoo A. Photosystem II reaction center particle from Spirodela stroma lamellae. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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22
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Bullerjahn GS, Post AF. The prochlorophytes: are they more than just chlorophyll a/b-containing cyanobacteria? Crit Rev Microbiol 1993; 19:43-59. [PMID: 8481212 DOI: 10.3109/10408419309113522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The prochlorophytes are a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes that fall within the cyanobacterial lineage, yet lack phycobilisomes as light harvesting structures. Instead, the prochlorophytes have a light-harvesting apparatus composed of the higher plant pigments chlorophylls a and b. This review discusses the evolutionary relationships among these bacteria, with focus on the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus. This analysis yields a consensus from studies both on Prochloron sp. and Prochlorothrix hollandica as to how the thylakoid membrane is organized. Overall, we propose that the structure of the light-harvesting complexes (LHC) from prochlorophytes is very different from those of chloroplast systems, and is evolutionarily very ancient. The functional association of the light-harvesting apparatus with photosystem I (PSI) in both Prochlorothrix and Prochloron, as well as a demonstrated capacity for PSI-dependent anoxygenic photosynthesis in Prochlorothrix, may indicate that there is an increased dependence on cyclic photophosphorylation in these organisms. Finally, the structure of the prochlorophyte thylakoid membrane is discussed with respect to the forces that drive thylakoid membrane stacking in prochlorophytes and chloroplasts. We suggest that the light-harvesting structures in prochlorophytes play little, if any, role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Bullerjahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, OH 43403
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23
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Allen JF. Protein phosphorylation in regulation of photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1098:275-335. [PMID: 1310622 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(09)91014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway
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Bassi R, Silvestri M, Dainese P, Moya I, Giacometti GM. Effects of a non-ionic detergent on the spectral properties and aggregation state of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex (LHCII). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(91)80170-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Dynamics of photosynthetic membrane composition and function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(05)80225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Sinclair J, Spence SM. The analysis of fluorescence induction transients from dichlorophenyldimethylurea-poisoned chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Role of the cytochrome b6.f complex in the redox-controlled activity of Acetabularia thylakoid protein kinase. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Falkowski PG, Kolber Z, Fujita Y. Effect of redox state on the dynamics Photosystem II during steady-state photosynthesis in eucaryotic algae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Allen JF, Melis A. The rate of P-700 photooxidation under continuous illumination is independent of State 1-State 2 transitions in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Chlorophyll b deficiency in soybean mutants. I. Effects on photosystem stoichiometry and chlorophyll antenna size. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Hodges M, Briantais JM, Moya I. The effect of thylakoid membrane reorganisation on chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime components: A comparison between state transitions, protein phosphorylation and the absence of Mg2+. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Black MT, Lee P, Horton P. Changes in topography and function of thylakoid membranes following membrane protein phosphorylation. PLANTA 1986; 168:330-336. [PMID: 24232141 DOI: 10.1007/bf00392357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/1985] [Accepted: 02/18/1986] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Changes in topography and function of pea (Pisum sativum L.) thylakoid membrane fractions following membrane protein phosphorylation have been studied. After protein phosphorylation the stromal membrane fraction had a higher chlorophyll a/b ratio, an increased content of light-harvesting chlorophyll protein and a higher ratio of chlorophyll to cytochrome f. This indicates that a pool of light-harvesting chlorophyll protein migrates from the photosystem II-enriched grana regions to the photosystem I-enriched stroma lamellae, in agreement with Kyle et al. (1984, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 765, 89-96) and Larsson et al. (1983, Eur. J. Biochem. 136, 25-29). Phosphorylation caused a stimulation in the rate of light-limited photosystem-I electron transfer in the unappressed membrane fraction, indicating that the translocated LHC-II becomes functionally associated with photosystem I.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Black
- Research Institute for Photosynthesis, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
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34
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Jennings RC, Islam K, Zucchelli G. Spinach-thylakoid phosphorylation: Studies on the kinetics of changes in photosystem antenna size, spill-over and phosphorylation of light-harvesting chlorophyll ab protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(86)90117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Jennings RC, Zucchelli G. Studies on thylakoid phosphorylation and noncyclic electron transport. Arch Biochem Biophys 1986; 246:108-13. [PMID: 3516071 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(86)90454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of thylakoid phosphorylation on noncyclic electron transport in spinach chloroplasts was investigated by measuring both the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and the steady-state redox level of the primary electron acceptor quinone of photosystem II (Q) during electron flow to NADP. These data are compared with the theoretical predictions for an electron transport model which relates both the redox levels of Q and the photosystem II optical cross section to the overall velocity of noncyclic electron flow. It is demonstrated that transfer of 15-20% of the photosystem II antenna to photosystem I may stimulate electron flow to NADP only if Q is less than 60-70% oxidized (this condition exists with our thylakoids, even at extremely low absorption fluxes, when the illumination is not specifically enriched in photosystem I absorbed wavelengths); in phosphorylated thylakoids the steady-state redox level Q is substantially shifted to a more oxidized one (measurements of this parameter using light of different wavelengths quantitatively support the idea that thylakoid phosphorylation leads to increased photosystem I and decreased photosystem II cross sections); thylakoid phosphorylation leads to stimulated noncyclic electron flow to NADP only when the increased photosystem I antenna is able to bring about large increases in the steady-state level of oxidized Q.
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37
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Barber J. Regulation of energy transfer by cations and protein phosphorylation in relation to thylakoid membrane organisation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1986; 10:243-253. [PMID: 24435371 DOI: 10.1007/bf00118289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A brief review is given of the state of knowledge which indicates that the State I-State II transition in higher plants and green algae is due to the reversible phosphorylation of the chlorophyll a/b light harvesting complex. The importance of membrane reorganisational changes in this process is discussed in terms of changes in electrostatic parameters as emphasised by the interplay of the effect of phosphorylation and the background levels of cations surrounding the membrane. It is argued that recognition of this interplay is vital when using the bipartite or tripartite models of Butler to obtain quantitative information of energy transfer between the various pigment complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barber
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Imperial College of Science and Technology, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2BB, London, UK
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38
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Berens SJ, Scheele J, Butler WL, Magde D. TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE STUDIES OF SPINACH CHLOROPLASTS–EVIDENCE FOR THE HETEROGENEOUS BIPARTITE MODEL. Photochem Photobiol 1985. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb03547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Weis E. Light- and temperature-induced changes in the distribution of excitation energy between Photosystem I and Photosystem II in spinach leaves. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Biggins J, Bruce D. Mechanism of the light state transition in photosynthesis. III. Kinetics of the state transition in Porphyridium cruentum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Wittmershaus B, Nordlund TM, Knox WH, Knox RS, Geacintov NE, Breton J. Picosecond studies at 77 K of energy transfer in chloroplasts at low and high excitation intensities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Black MT, Horton P. An investigation of the mechanistic aspects of excitation energy redistribution following thylakoid membrane protein phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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An investigation into the ATP requirement for phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins and for the ATP-induced decrease in the yield of chlorophyll fluorescence in chloroplasts at different stages of development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Percival MP, Webber AN, Baker NR. Evidence for the role of the light-harvesting chlorophyll ab protein complex in photosystem II heterogeneity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Membrane phosphorylation leads to the partial detachment of the chlorophyll a/b protein from Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Comparison of ATP-induced and DCMU-induced increases of chlorophyll fluorescence. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Mechanism of the light state transition in photosynthesis. II. Analysis of phosphorylated polypeptides in the red alga, Porphyridium cruentum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Kyle DJ, Kuang TY, Watson JL, Arntzen CJ. Movement of a sub-population of the light harvesting complex (LHCII) from grana to stroma lamellae as a consequence of its phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Staehelin LA, DeWit M. Correlation of structure and function of chloroplast membranes at the supramolecular level. J Cell Biochem 1984; 24:261-9. [PMID: 6330136 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240240307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-fracture electron microscopy has revealed that different size classes of intramembrane particles of chloroplast membranes are nonrandomly distributed between appressed grana and nonappressed stroma membrane regions. It is now generally assumed that thylakoid membranes contain five major functional complexes, each of which can give rise to an intramembrane particle of a defined size. These are the photosystem II complex, the photosystem I complex, the cytochrome f/b6 complex, the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex, and the CF0 -CF1 ATP synthetase complex. By mapping the distribution of the different categories of intramembrane particles, information on the lateral organization of functional membrane units of thylakoid membranes can be determined. In this review, we present a brief summary of the evidence supporting the correlation of specific categories of intramembrane particles with known biochemical entities. In addition, we discuss studies showing that ions and phosphorylation of the membrane adhesion factor, the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex, can affect the lateral organization of chloroplast membrane components and thereby regulate membrane function.
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Haworth P, Karukstis KK, Sauer K. Picosecond fluorescence kinetics in spinach chloroplasts at room temperature. Effects of phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(83)90199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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