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A novel species of the marine cyanobacterium Acaryochloris with a unique pigment content and lifestyle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9142. [PMID: 29904088 PMCID: PMC6002478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
All characterized members of the ubiquitous genus Acaryochloris share the unique property of containing large amounts of chlorophyll (Chl) d, a pigment exhibiting a red absorption maximum strongly shifted towards infrared compared to Chl a. Chl d is the major pigment in these organisms and is notably bound to antenna proteins structurally similar to those of Prochloron, Prochlorothrix and Prochlorococcus, the only three cyanobacteria known so far to contain mono- or divinyl-Chl a and b as major pigments and to lack phycobilisomes. Here, we describe RCC1774, a strain isolated from the foreshore near Roscoff (France). It is phylogenetically related to members of the Acaryochloris genus but completely lacks Chl d. Instead, it possesses monovinyl-Chl a and b at a b/a molar ratio of 0.16, similar to that in Prochloron and Prochlorothrix. It differs from the latter by the presence of phycocyanin and a vestigial allophycocyanin energetically coupled to photosystems. Genome sequencing confirmed the presence of phycobiliprotein and Chl b synthesis genes. Based on its phylogeny, ultrastructural characteristics and unique pigment suite, we describe RCC1774 as a novel species that we name Acaryochloris thomasi. Its very unusual pigment content compared to other Acaryochloris spp. is likely related to its specific lifestyle.
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Comba P, Eisenschmidt A, Gahan LR, Herten DP, Nette G, Schenk G, Seefeld M. Is CuIICoordinated to Patellamides insideProchloronCells? Chemistry 2017; 23:12264-12274. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Comba
- Universität Heidelberg; Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR); Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Annika Eisenschmidt
- Universität Heidelberg; Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR); Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lawrence R. Gahan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience; University of Queensland; Brisbane, Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Dirk-Peter Herten
- CellNetworks Cluster und Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Geoffrey Nette
- Independent Marine Biochemistry Research (IMBCR Pty. Ltd.); Point Lookout, Queensland 4183 Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience; University of Queensland; Brisbane, Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Martin Seefeld
- CellNetworks Cluster und Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Biochemistry Center (BZH); Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 345 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Shen G, Gan F, Bryant DA. The siderophilic cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. strain JSC-1 acclimates to iron starvation by expressing multiple isiA-family genes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 128:325-340. [PMID: 27071628 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the evolution of different cyanobacteria performing oxygenic photosynthesis, the core complexes of the two photosystems were highly conserved. However, cyanobacteria exhibit significant diversification in their light-harvesting complexes and have flexible regulatory mechanisms to acclimate to changes in their growth environments. In the siderophilic, filamentous cyanobacterium, Leptolyngbya sp. strain JSC-1, five different isiA-family genes occur in two gene clusters. During acclimation to Fe limitation, relative transcript levels for more than 600 genes increased more than twofold. Relative transcript levels were ~250 to 300 times higher for the isiA1 gene cluster (isiA1-isiB-isiC), and ~440- to 540-fold for the isiA2-isiA3-isiA4-cpcG2-isiA5 gene cluster after 48 h of iron starvation. Chl-protein complexes were isolated and further purified from cells grown under Fe-replete and Fe-depleted conditions. A single class of particles, trimeric PSI, was identified by image analysis of electron micrographs of negatively stained PSI complexes from Fe-replete cells. However, three major classes of particles were observed for the Chl-protein supercomplexes from cells grown under iron starvation conditions. Based on LC-MS-MS analyses, the five IsiA-family proteins were found in the largest supercomplexes together with core components of the two photosystems; however, IsiA5 was not present in complexes in which only the core subunits of PSI were detected. IsiA5 belongs to the same clade as PcbC proteins in a phylogenetic classification, and it is proposed that IsiA5 is most likely involved in supercomplexes containing PSII dimers. IsiA4, which is a fusion of an IsiA domain and a C-terminal PsaL domain, was found together with IsiA1, IsiA2, and IsiA3 in complexes with monomeric PSI. The data indicate that horizontal gene transfer, gene duplication, and divergence have played important roles in the adaptive evolution of this cyanobacterium to iron starvation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 4406 Althouse Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Fei Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 4406 Althouse Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 4406 Althouse Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
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Nielsen DA, Pernice M, Schliep M, Sablok G, Jeffries TC, Kühl M, Wangpraseurt D, Ralph PJ, Larkum AWD. Microenvironment and phylogenetic diversity of Prochloron inhabiting the surface of crustose didemnid ascidians. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4121-32. [PMID: 26176189 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Prochloron didemni is primarily found in symbiotic relationships with various marine hosts such as ascidians and sponges. Prochloron remains to be successfully cultivated outside of its host, which reflects a lack of knowledge of its unique ecophysiological requirements. We investigated the microenvironment and diversity of Prochloron inhabiting the upper, exposed surface of didemnid ascidians, providing the first insights into this microhabitat. The pH and O2 concentration in this Prochloron biofilm changes dynamically with irradiance, where photosynthetic activity measurements showed low light adaptation (Ek ∼ 80 ± 7 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)) but high light tolerance. Surface Prochloron cells exhibited a different fine structure to Prochloron cells from cloacal cavities in other ascidians, the principle difference being a central area of many vacuoles dissected by single thylakoids in the surface Prochloron. Cyanobacterial 16S rDNA pyro-sequencing of the biofilm community on four ascidians resulted in 433 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) where on average -85% (65-99%) of all sequence reads, represented by 136 OTUs, were identified as Prochloron via blast search. All of the major Prochloron-OTUs clustered into independent, highly supported phylotypes separate from sequences reported for internal Prochloron, suggesting a hitherto unexplored genetic variability among Prochloron colonizing the outer surface of didemnids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Nielsen
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Martin Schliep
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Sablok
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Thomas C Jeffries
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Michael Kühl
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.,Marine Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, DK-3000, Denmark
| | - Daniel Wangpraseurt
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Anthony W D Larkum
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
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Bullerjahn GS, Jensen TC, Sherman DM, Sherman LA. Immunological characterization of the Prochlorothrix hollandica and Prochloron sp. chlorophyll a/b antenna proteins. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb13844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Chen M, Bibby TS. Photosynthetic apparatus of antenna-reaction centres supercomplexes in oxyphotobacteria: insight through significance of Pcb/IsiA proteins. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2005; 86:165-73. [PMID: 16172936 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-005-1330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this Review we give an overview of the structure and function of the membrane-bound photosynthetic antenna reaction centre complexes present in oxyphotobacteria. We summarise how variations in the organisation of these complexes have enabled oxyphotobacteria to exploit different ecological niches and discuss the evolutionary relationships of the IsiA/Pcb family of pigment-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. minchen@bio. usyd.edu.au
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Bibby TS, Nield J, Chen M, Larkum AWD, Barber J. Structure of a photosystem II supercomplex isolated from Prochloron didemni retaining its chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:9050-4. [PMID: 12837938 PMCID: PMC166436 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1532271100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prochlorophytes are a class of cyanobacteria that do not use phycobiliproteins as light-harvesting systems, but contain chlorophyll (Chl) a/b-binding Pcb proteins. Recently it was shown that Pcb proteins form an 18-subunit light-harvesting antenna ring around the photosystem I (PSI) trimeric reaction center complex of the prochlorophyte Prochlorococcus marinus SS120. Here we have investigated whether the symbiotic prochlorophyte Prochloron didemni also contains the same supermolecular complex. Using cells isolated directly from its ascidian host, we found no evidence for the presence of the Pcb-PSI supercomplex. Instead we have identified and characterized a supercomplex composed of photosystem II (PSII) and Pcb proteins. We show that 10-Pcb subunits associate with the PSII dimeric reaction center core to form a giant complex having an estimated Mr of 1,500 kDa with dimensions of 210 x 290 A. Five-Pcb subunits flank each long side of the dimer and assuming each binds 13 Chl molecules, increase the antenna size of PSII by approximately 200%. Fluorescence emission studies indicate that energy transfer occurs efficiently from the Pcb antenna. Modeling using the x-ray structure of cyanobacterial PSII suggests that energy transfer to the PSII reaction center is via the Chls bound to the CP47 and CP43 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Bibby
- Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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The Photosynthetic Apparatus of Chlorophyll b- and d-Containing Oxyphotobacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ALGAE 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1038-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Schuster G, Nechushtai R, Nelson N, Ohad I. Purification and composition of photosystem I reaction center of Prochloron
sp., an oxygen-evolving prokaryote containing chlorophyll b. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Post AF, Bullerjahn GS. The photosynthetic machinery in prochlorophytes: Structural properties and ecological significance. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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11
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Green RR, Pichersky E. Hypothesis for the evolution of three-helix Chl a/b and Chl a/c light-harvesting antenna proteins from two-helix and four-helix ancestors. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1994; 39:149-162. [PMID: 24311067 DOI: 10.1007/bf00029382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/1993] [Accepted: 10/25/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear-encoded Chl a/b and Chl a/c antenna proteins of photosynthetic eukaryotes are part of an extended family of proteins that also includes the early light-induced proteins (ELIPs) and the 22 kDa intrinsic protein of PS II (encoded by psbS gene). All members of this family have three transmembrane helices except for the psbS protein, which has four. The amino acid sequences of these proteins are compared and related to the three-dimensional structure of pea LHC II Type I (Kühlbrandt and Wang, Nature 350: 130-134, 1991). The similarity of psbS to the three-helix members of the family suggests that the latter arose from a four-helix ancestor that lost its C-terminal helix by deletion. Strong internal similarity between the two halves of the psbS protein suggests that it in turn arose as the result of the duplication of a gene encoding a two-helix protein. Since psbS is reported to be present in at least one cyanobacterium, the ancestral four-helix protein may have been present prior to the endosymbiotic event or events that gave rise to the photosynthetic eukaryotes. The Chl a/b and Chl a/c antenna proteins, and the immunologically-related proteins in the rhodophytes may have had a common ancestor which was present in the early photosynthetic eukaryotes, and predated their division into rhodophyte, chromophyte and chlorophyte lineages. The LHC I-LHC II divergence probably occurred before the separation of higher plants from chlorophyte algae and euglenophytes, and the different Types of LHC I and LHC II proteins arose prior to the separation of angiosperms and gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Green
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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12
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Wolfe GR, Cunningham FX, Durnfordt D, Green BR, Gantt E. Evidence for a common origin of chloroplasts with light-harvesting complexes of different pigmentation. Nature 1994. [DOI: 10.1038/367566a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Energy distribution between Photosystems I and II in the photosynthetic prokaryote Prochlorothrix hollandica involves a chlorophyll ab antenna which associates with Photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Fork DC, Herbert SK. Electron transport and photophosphorylation by Photosystem I in vivo in plants and cyanobacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1993; 36:149-168. [PMID: 24318920 DOI: 10.1007/bf00033035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/1992] [Accepted: 02/11/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a number of techniques, some of them relatively new and many often used in combination, have given a clearer picture of the dynamic role of electron transport in Photosystem I of photosynthesis and of coupled cyclic photophosphorylation. For example, the photoacoustic technique has detected cyclic electron transport in vivo in all the major algal groups and in leaves of higher plants. Spectroscopic measurements of the Photosystem I reaction center and of the changes in light scattering associated with thylakoid membrane energization also indicate that cyclic photophosphorylation occurs in living plants and cyanobacteria, particularly under stressful conditions.In cyanobacteria, the path of cyclic electron transport has recently been proposed to include an NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, a complex that may also participate in respiratory electron transport. Photosynthesis and respiration may share common electron carriers in eukaryotes also. Chlororespiration, the uptake of O2 in the dark by chloroplasts, is inhibited by excitation of Photosystem I, which diverts electrons away from the chlororespiratory chain into the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Chlororespiration in N-starved Chlamydomonas increases ten fold over that of the control, perhaps because carbohydrates and NAD(P)H are oxidized and ATP produced by this process.The regulation of energy distribution to the photosystems and of cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation via state 1 to state 2 transitions may involve the cytochrome b 6-f complex. An increased demand for ATP lowers the transthylakoid pH gradient, activates the b 6-f complex, stimulates phosphorylation of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex of Photosystem II and decreases energy input to Photosystem II upon induction of state 2. The resulting increase in the absorption by Photosystem I favors cyclic electron flow and ATP production over linear electron flow to NADP and 'poises' the system by slowing down the flow of electrons originating in Photosystem II.Cyclic electron transport may function to prevent photoinhibition to the photosynthetic apparatus as well as to provide ATP. Thus, under high light intensities where CO2 can limit photosynthesis, especially when stomates are closed as a result of water stress, the proton gradient established by coupled cyclic electron transport can prevent over-reduction of the electron transport system by increasing thermal de-excitation in Photosystem II (Weis and Berry 1987). Increased cyclic photophosphorylation may also serve to drive ion uptake in nutrient-deprived cells or ion export in salt-stressed cells.There is evidence in some plants for a specialization of Photosystem I. For example, in the red alga Porphyra about one third of the total Photosystem I units are engaged in linear electron transfer from Photosystem II and the remaining two thirds of the Photosystem I units are specialized for cyclic electron flow. Other organisms show evidence of similar specialization.Improved understanding of the biological role of cyclic photophosphorylation will depend on experiments made on living cells and measurements of cyclic photophosphorylation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Fork
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 290 Panama Street, 94305-1297, Stanford, CA, USA
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Bullerjahn GS, Post AF. The prochlorophytes: are they more than just chlorophyll a/b-containing cyanobacteria? Crit Rev Microbiol 1993; 19:43-59. [PMID: 8481212 DOI: 10.3109/10408419309113522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The prochlorophytes are a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes that fall within the cyanobacterial lineage, yet lack phycobilisomes as light harvesting structures. Instead, the prochlorophytes have a light-harvesting apparatus composed of the higher plant pigments chlorophylls a and b. This review discusses the evolutionary relationships among these bacteria, with focus on the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus. This analysis yields a consensus from studies both on Prochloron sp. and Prochlorothrix hollandica as to how the thylakoid membrane is organized. Overall, we propose that the structure of the light-harvesting complexes (LHC) from prochlorophytes is very different from those of chloroplast systems, and is evolutionarily very ancient. The functional association of the light-harvesting apparatus with photosystem I (PSI) in both Prochlorothrix and Prochloron, as well as a demonstrated capacity for PSI-dependent anoxygenic photosynthesis in Prochlorothrix, may indicate that there is an increased dependence on cyclic photophosphorylation in these organisms. Finally, the structure of the prochlorophyte thylakoid membrane is discussed with respect to the forces that drive thylakoid membrane stacking in prochlorophytes and chloroplasts. We suggest that the light-harvesting structures in prochlorophytes play little, if any, role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Bullerjahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, OH 43403
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van der Staay GW, Brouwer A, Baard RL, van Mourik F, Matthijs HC. Separation of Photosystems I and II from the oxychlorobacterium (prochlorophyte) Prochlorothrix hollandica and association of chlorophyll b binding antennae with Photosystem II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90513-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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van der Staay GW, Brouwer A, Baard RL, van Mourik F, Matthijs HC. Separation of Photosystems I and II from the oxychlorobacterium (prochlorophyte) Prochlorothrix hollandica and association of chlorophyll b binding antennae with Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(92)90103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Characterization of light-activated reversible phosphorylation of a chlorophyll a/b antenna apoprotein in the photosynthetic prokaryote Prochlorothrix hollandica. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(92)90128-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Golecki JR, J�rgens UJ. Ultrastructural studies on the membrane systems and cell inclusions of the filamentous prochlorophyte Prochlorothrix hollandica. Arch Microbiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00447015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Matthijs HC, van der Staay GW, van Amerongen H, van Grondelle R, Garab G. Structural organization of chlorophyll b in the prochlorophyte Prochlorothrix hollandica. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Jürgens UJ. Lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of the filamentous prochlorophyte Prochlorothrix hollandica. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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22
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Jürgens UJ, Burger-Wiersma T. Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complex in the cell wall of the filamentous prochlorophyte Prochlorothrix hollandica. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:498-502. [PMID: 2914854 PMCID: PMC209614 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.1.498-502.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complex composed of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, muramic acid 6-phosphate, L-alanine, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid, N-acetylmannosamine, mannose, galactose, glucose, and phosphate was isolated from cell walls of the filamentous prochlorophyte Prochlorothrix hollandica; this complex was similar in chemical composition and structure to that found in cyanobacteria. Peptide patterns of partial acid hydrolysates of the isolated peptidoglycan revealed an A1 gamma structure with direct cross-linkage (m-diaminopimelic acid-D-alanine) of the peptide side chains. The degree of cross-linkage (63%) was found to be in the range of values obtained for gram-positive bacteria and cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- U J Jürgens
- Institut für Biologie II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg im Breisgau, Federal Republic of Germany
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23
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Riethman H, Bullerjahn G, Reddy KJ, Sherman LA. Regulation of cyanobacterial pigment-protein composition and organization by environmental factors. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1988; 18:133-161. [PMID: 24425163 DOI: 10.1007/bf00042982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/1987] [Accepted: 12/24/1987] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The coordinate expression of stress-specific genes is a common response of all organisms to altered environmental conditions. In cyanobacteria, the physiological consequences of stress are often reflected in both the ultrastructure of the cell and in photosynthesis-related properties. This review will focus on the alterations in cyanobacterial pigment-protein organization which occur under different growth conditions, and how several molecular genetic aproaches are being used in this laboratory to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying these alterations. We will discuss in detail the response to iron starvation, and present a testable hypothesis for the mechanism of thylakoid reorganization mediated by this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Riethman
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Tucker Hall, 65211, Columbia, MO, USA
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24
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Green BR. The chlorophyll-protein complexes of higher plant photosynthetic membranes or Just what green band is that? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1988; 15:3-32. [PMID: 24430789 DOI: 10.1007/bf00054985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/1987] [Accepted: 09/15/1987] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Higher plant thylakoid membranes can be fractionated into a bewildering array of macrocomplexes, chlorophyll-protein complexes and chlorophyll-proteins with various deteregents and separations techniques. The chemical nature of each of these entities depends on the particular methods used to obtain them. This review summarizes the current status of the biochemical identification and characterization of individual chlorophyll-proteins and chlorophyll-protein complexes, and attempts to clarify the relationships among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Green
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, V6T 2B1, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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Bullerjahn GS, Matthijs HC, Mur LR, Sherman LA. Chlorophyll-protein composition of the thylakoid membrane from Prochlorothrix hollandica, a prokaryote containing chlorophyll b. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 168:295-300. [PMID: 3311745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The chlorophyll-protein complexes of the thylakoid membrane from Prochlorothrix hollandica were identified following electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. Five complexes, CP1-CP5, were resolved and these green bands were analyzed by spectroscopic and immunological methods. CP1 contains the photosystem I (PSI) reaction center, as this complex quenched fluorescence at room temperature, and had a 77 K fluorescence emission peak at 717 nm. CP4 contains the major chlorophyll-a-binding proteins of the photosystem II (PSII) core, because this complex contained polypeptides which cross-reacted to antibodies raised against Chlamydomonas PSII proteins 5 and 6. Furthermore, fluorescence excitation studies at 77 K indicated that only a Chl a is bound to CP4. Complexes CP2, CP3 and CP5 contained functionally bound Chl a and b as judged by absorption spectroscopy at 20 degrees C and fluorescence excitation spectra at 77 K. CP2, CP3 and CP5 all contain polypeptides of 30-33 kDa which are immunologically distinct from the LHC-II complex of higher plant thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Bullerjahn
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
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Chlorophyll-protein complexes of a marine green alga, Codium species (Siphonales). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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