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Gisriel CJ, Shen G, Flesher DA, Kurashov V, Golbeck JH, Brudvig GW, Amin M, Bryant DA. Structure of a dimeric photosystem II complex from a cyanobacterium acclimated to far-red light. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102815. [PMID: 36549647 PMCID: PMC9843442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is the water-splitting enzyme central to oxygenic photosynthesis. To drive water oxidation, light is harvested by accessory pigments, mostly chlorophyll (Chl) a molecules, which absorb visible light (400-700 nm). Some cyanobacteria facultatively acclimate to shaded environments by altering their photosynthetic machinery to additionally absorb far-red light (FRL, 700-800 nm), a process termed far-red light photoacclimation or FaRLiP. During far-red light photoacclimation, FRL-PSII is assembled with FRL-specific isoforms of the subunits PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD, and PsbH, and some Chl-binding sites contain Chls d or f instead of the usual Chl a. The structure of an apo-FRL-PSII monomer lacking the FRL-specific PsbH subunit has previously been determined, but visualization of the dimeric complex has remained elusive. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of a dimeric FRL-PSII complex. The site assignments for Chls d and f are consistent with those assigned in the previous apo-FRL-PSII monomeric structure. All sites that bind Chl d or Chl f at high occupancy exhibit a FRL-specific interaction of the formyl moiety of the Chl d or Chl f with the protein environment, which in some cases involves a phenylalanine sidechain. The structure retains the FRL-specific PsbH2 subunit, which appears to alter the energetic landscape of FRL-PSII, redirecting energy transfer from the phycobiliprotein complex to a Chl f molecule bound by PsbB2 that acts as a bridge for energy transfer to the electron transfer chain. Collectively, these observations extend our previous understanding of the structure-function relationship that allows PSII to function using lower energy FRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Gisriel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,For correspondence: Christopher J. Gisriel; Donald A. Bryant
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A. Flesher
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vasily Kurashov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John H. Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Muhamed Amin
- Department of Sciences, University College Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Donald A. Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA,For correspondence: Christopher J. Gisriel; Donald A. Bryant
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Sirohiwal A, Neese F, Pantazis DA. Chlorophyll excitation energies and structural stability of the CP47 antenna of photosystem II: a case study in the first-principles simulation of light-harvesting complexes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4463-4476. [PMID: 34163712 PMCID: PMC8179452 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06616h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural photosynthesis relies on light harvesting and excitation energy transfer by specialized pigment-protein complexes. Their structure and the electronic properties of the embedded chromophores define the mechanisms of energy transfer. An important example of a pigment-protein complex is CP47, one of the integral antennae of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII) that is responsible for efficient excitation energy transfer to the PSII reaction center. The charge-transfer excitation induced among coupled reaction center chromophores resolves into charge separation that initiates the electron transfer cascade driving oxygenic photosynthesis. Mapping the distribution of site energies among the 16 chlorophyll molecules of CP47 is essential for understanding excitation energy transfer and overall antenna function. In this work, we demonstrate a multiscale quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach utilizing full time-dependent density functional theory with modern range-separated functionals to compute for the first time the excitation energies of all CP47 chlorophylls in a complete membrane-embedded cyanobacterial PSII dimer. The results quantify the electrostatic effect of the protein on the site energies of CP47 chlorophylls, providing a high-level quantum chemical excitation profile of CP47 within a complete computational model of "near-native" cyanobacterial PSII. The ranking of site energies and the identity of the most red-shifted chlorophylls (B3, followed by B1) differ from previous hypotheses in the literature and provide an alternative basis for evaluating past approaches and semiempirically fitted sets. Given that a lot of experimental studies on CP47 and other light-harvesting complexes utilize extracted samples, we employ molecular dynamics simulations of isolated CP47 to identify which parts of the polypeptide are most destabilized and which pigments are most perturbed when the antenna complex is extracted from PSII. We demonstrate that large parts of the isolated complex rapidly refold to non-native conformations and that certain pigments (such as chlorophyll B1 and β-carotene h1) are so destabilized that they are probably lost upon extraction of CP47 from PSII. The results suggest that the properties of isolated CP47 are not representative of the native complexed antenna. The insights obtained from CP47 are generalizable, with important implications for the information content of experimental studies on biological light-harvesting antenna systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sirohiwal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany.,Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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The lowest-energy chlorophyll of photosystem II is adjacent to the peripheral antenna: Emitting states of CP47 assigned via circularly polarized luminescence. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1580-1593. [PMID: 27342201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The identification of low-energy chlorophyll pigments in photosystem II (PSII) is critical to our understanding of the kinetics and mechanism of this important enzyme. We report parallel circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) measurements at liquid helium temperatures of the proximal antenna protein CP47. This assembly hosts the lowest-energy chlorophylls in PSII, responsible for the well-known "F695" fluorescence band of thylakoids and PSII core complexes. Our new spectra enable a clear identification of the lowest-energy exciton state of CP47. This state exhibits a small but measurable excitonic delocalization, as predicated by its CD and CPL. Using structure-based simulations incorporating the new spectra, we propose a revised set of site energies for the 16 chlorophylls of CP47. The significant difference from previous analyses is that the lowest-energy pigment is assigned as Chl 612 (alternately numbered Chl 11). The new assignment is readily reconciled with the large number of experimental observations in the literature, while the most common previous assignment for the lowest energy pigment, Chl 627(29), is shown to be inconsistent with CD and CPL results. Chl 612(11) is near the peripheral light-harvesting system in higher plants, in a lumen-exposed region of the thylakoid membrane. The low-energy pigment is also near a recently proposed binding site of the PsbS protein. This result consequently has significant implications for our understanding of the kinetics and regulation of energy transfer in PSII.
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Eder M, Lütz-Meindl U, Weiss IM. Non-invasive LC-PolScope imaging of biominerals and cell wall anisotropy changes. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 246:49-64. [PMID: 20232089 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The formation of defined shapes by cells is one of the challenging questions in biology. Due to the anisotropy of cell walls and of certain biominerals, the LC-PolScope represents a promising tool for tracking dynamic structural changes in vivo non-invasively and, to some extent, quantitatively. A complex three-dimensional biogenic system, the in vitro precipitation of calcium oxalate induced by cellulose stalks produced by Dictyostelium discoideum, was analyzed. Although the retardance values and orientation of the crystals with respect to the stalk were quickly and easily detected, this study raised a number of issues that were addressed in this work. The effect of the refractive index of the embedding medium was examined by taking advantage of the homogeneous size and shape distribution of kiwifruit raphides, a biologically controlled calcium oxalate biomineral and of cotton (Gossypium) seed fibers. The retardance remained consistent when embedding these samples in media with increasing refractive indices from 1.33 to 1.42 or 1.47 for sucrose or glycerol gradients, respectively. The general applicability of LC-PolScope image processing for biominerals and cell wall formation during development in vivo was demonstrated in a particular group of green algae, the Desmidiaceae. Various organization levels of the cell wall were identified, thus confirming earlier findings based on electron microscopy and immunostaining investigations. It can be concluded that LC-PolScope microscopy is an attractive tool for studying dynamic ordering of biomolecules, such as plant cell walls, when additional parameters regarding the structure, composition, and refractive indices of the specimen are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Eder
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2-2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Tracewell CA, Vrettos JS, Bautista JA, Frank HA, Brudvig GW. Carotenoid photooxidation in photosystem II. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 385:61-9. [PMID: 11361027 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are known to function as light-harvesting pigments and they play important roles in photoprotection in both plant and bacterial photosynthesis. These functions are also important for carotenoids in photosystem II. In addition, beta-carotene recently has been found to function as a redox intermediate in an alternate pathway of electron transfer within photosystem II. This redox role of a carotenoid in photosystem II is unique among photosynthetic reaction centers and stems from the very highly oxidizing intermediates that form in the process of water oxidation. In this minireview, an overview of the electron-transfer reactions in photosystem II is presented, with an emphasis on those involving carotenoids. The carotenoid composition of photosystem II and the physical methods used to study the structure of the redox-active carotenoid are reviewed. Possible roles of carotenoid cations in photoprotection of photosystem II are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Tracewell
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Alfonso M, Montoya G, Cases R, Rodríguez R, Picorel R. Core antenna complexes, CP43 and CP47, of higher plant photosystem II. Spectral properties, pigment stoichiometry, and amino acid composition. Biochemistry 1994; 33:10494-500. [PMID: 8068688 DOI: 10.1021/bi00200a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The core antenna complexes of photosystem II, CP43 and CP47, were purified from two higher plants by anion-exchange chromatography, using a combination of the chaotropic agent LiClO4 and the nonionic detergent beta-dodecyl maltoside. The Qy transition was resolved at 48 K into two main bands near 682.3 and 671.5 nm for CP43, while the CP47 spectrum showed a more complex structure with main bands at 688, 681.2, 676, 667, and 661 nm. Emission bands (77 K) were detected at 683 and 695 nm for CP43 and CP47, respectively. Fluorescence excitation spectra showed high efficiency of energy transfer between the different transitions of the chlorophylls and a somewhat lower efficiency from beta-carotene. The circular dichroism spectrum of CP47 indicated the presence of excitonic interactions between some chlorophylls. In contrast, CP43 showed a single negative circular dichroism band at 670 nm. The pigment content of the complexes was determined by both spectroscopic measurements and HPLC. Contents of 18 chlorophylls a and 5 beta-carotenes per CP43 polypeptide and 19 chlorophylls a and 3 beta-carotenes per CP47 polypeptide were found, using the methods of Lowry or Bradford for protein quantitation. When the protein concentration was determined from the amino acid analysis, 20 chlorophylls a and 5 beta-carotenes per CP43 and 21-22 chlorophylls a and 4 beta-carotenes per CP47 were obtained. Thus, a content of 46-48 chlorophylls a was obtained for the core complex, assuming 4-6 chlorophylls per reaction center, in agreement with the composition obtained experimentally using a highly purified oxygen-evolving core complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alfonso
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
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The organisation of photosynthetic pigments in a cryptophyte alga: A linear dichroism study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(92)90135-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kwa SL, Newell WR, van Grondelle R, Dekker JP. The reaction center of photosystem II studied with polarized fluorescence spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(92)90027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Garab G, Kieleczawa J, Sutherland JC, Bustamante C, Hind G. ORGANIZATION OF PIGMENT-PROTEIN COMPLEXES INTO MACRODOMAINS IN THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANES OF WILD-TYPE and CHLOROPHYLL fo-LESS MUTANT OF BARLEY AS REVEALED BY CIRCULAR DICHROISM. Photochem Photobiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Orientation and thermal deactivation of pigments in thylakoid membranes lacking the light-harvesting complexes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(91)80004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Lin S, Knox RS. Studies of excitation energy transfer within the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its mutants at 77 K. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1991; 27:157-168. [PMID: 24414688 DOI: 10.1007/bf00035837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/1990] [Accepted: 12/05/1990] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The 77 K picosecond fluorescence of intact Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exhibits a 680-nm band (F680) that can be identified with light-harvesting chlorophyll. Analysis of the time and spectral dependence of F680 reveal a forward transfer rate of 1/(15 ps) from this 680-nm species to photosystem II. The possibility of transfer through LHC I, the light-harvesting complex closely associated with photosystem I with a transfer time of 60 to 100 ps, is indicated by analysis of similar data in the 700-720 nm region. Simple kinetic models that account for the time dependence of the emissions F707, F703 and F715 are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, 14627, Rochester, NY, USA
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Newell W, Amerongen HV, Barber J, van Grondelle R. Spectroscopic characterisation of the reaction centre of photosystem II using polarised light: Evidence for β-carotene excitons in PS II reaction centres. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(05)80106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bassi R, Rigoni F, Giacometti GM. CHLOROPHYLL BINDING PROTEINS WITH ANTENNA FUNCTION IN HIGHER PLANTS and GREEN ALGAE. Photochem Photobiol 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb08457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Orientation of the Pheophytin Primary Electron Acceptor and of the Cytochrome B559 in the D1D2 Photosystem II Reaction Center. THE JERUSALEM SYMPOSIA ON QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0489-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Wróbel D, Hendrich W. Thermal deactivation and energy transfer in isolated photosystem 2 and light-harvesting complexes in poly(vinyl alcohol) film. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(89)80036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Choquet Y, de Vitry C, Delepelaire P, Wollman F, Tapie P. Spectroscopic characterization of the Photosystem II chlorophyll-protein complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hsu BD, Lee JY. Orientation of pigments and pigment-protein complexes in the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis. A linear-dichroism study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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van Dorssen R, Breton J, Plijter J, Satoh K, van Gorkom H, Amesz J. Spectroscopic properties of the reaction center and of the 47 kDa chlorophyll protein of Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Breton J, Katoh S. Orientation of the pigments in Photosystem II: low-temperature linear-dichroism study of a core particle and of its chlorophyll-protein subunits isolated from Synechococcus sp. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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van Dorssen R, Plijter J, Dekker J, den Ouden A, Amesz J, van Gorkom H. Spectroscopic properties of chloroplast grana membranes and of the core of Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Babcock GT. Chapter 6 The photosynthetic oxygen-evolving process. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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