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Taylor CR, vanIeperen W, Harbinson J. Demonstration of a relationship between state transitions and photosynthetic efficiency in a higher plant. Biochem J 2019; 476:3295-3312. [PMID: 31694051 PMCID: PMC6854431 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A consequence of the series configuration of PSI and PSII is that imbalanced excitation of the photosystems leads to a reduction in linear electron transport and a drop in photosynthetic efficiency. Achieving balanced excitation is complicated by the distinct nature of the photosystems, which differ in composition, absorption spectra, and intrinsic efficiency, and by a spectrally variable natural environment. The existence of long- and short-term mechanisms that tune the photosynthetic apparatus and redistribute excitation energy between the photosystems highlights the importance of maintaining balanced excitation. In the short term, state transitions help restore balance through adjustments which, though not fully characterised, are observable using fluorescence techniques. Upon initiation of a state transition in algae and cyanobacteria, increases in photosynthetic efficiency are observable. However, while higher plants show fluorescence signatures associated with state transitions, no correlation between a state transition and photosynthetic efficiency has been demonstrated. In the present study, state 1 and state 2 were alternately induced in tomato leaves by illuminating leaves produced under artificial sun and shade spectra with a sequence of irradiances extreme in terms of PSI or PSII overexcitation. Light-use efficiency increased in both leaf types during transition from one state to the other with remarkably similar kinetics to that of F'm/Fm, F'o/Fo, and, during the PSII-overexciting irradiance, ΦPSII and qP. We have provided compelling evidence for the first time of a correlation between photosynthetic efficiency and state transitions in a higher plant. The importance of this relationship in natural ecophysiological contexts remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. Taylor
- Department of Plant Sciences, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim vanIeperen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Zhan J, Wang Q. Photoresponse Mechanism in Cyanobacteria: Key Factor in Photoautotrophic Chassis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1080:75-96. [PMID: 30091092 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the oldest oxygenic photoautotrophic prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have outstanding advantages as the chassis cell in the research field of synthetic biology. Cognition of photosynthetic mechanism, including the photoresponse mechanism under high-light (HL) conditions, is important for optimization of the cyanobacteria photoautotrophic chassis for synthesizing biomaterials as "microbial cell factories." Cyanobacteria are well-established model organisms for the study of oxygenic photosynthesis and have evolved various acclimatory responses to HL conditions to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage. Here, we reviewed the latest progress in the mechanism of HL acclimation in cyanobacteria. The subsequent acclimatory responses and the corresponding molecular mechanisms are included: (1) acclimatory responses of PSII and PSI; (2) the degradation of phycobilisome; (3) induction of the photoprotective mechanisms such as state transitions, OCP-dependent non-photochemical quenching, and the induction of HLIP family; and (4) the regulation mechanisms of the gene expression under HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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3
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Markovic DZ, Carpentier R. Relationship between quenching of variable fluorescence and thermal dissipation in isolated thylakoid membranes: similar terminology and mathematical treatments may be used. Biochem Cell Biol 1995; 73:247-52. [PMID: 8829370 DOI: 10.1139/o95-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and thermal emission using photoacoustic spectroscopy have been done in isolated thylakoid membranes to study the relationship between the photochemical quenching of fluorescence (qPF) and energy storage measured in photoacoustic experiments. It is shown that energy storage can be interpreted as the photochemical quenching of a variable component of thermal dissipation termed qPH. The parameters qPF were similarly sensitive to light intensity as demonstrated by their half-saturation light intensity. However, the nonvariable part of thermal dissipation (Ho) represented a greater proportion of the maximal thermal dissipation yield in comparison with the corresponding non-variable component of fluorescence (Fo) as a result of the thermal energy losses occurring during electron transport. A residual qPH found when qPF was removed indicated the participation of cyclic photosystem I or photosystem II in the measured qPH. The participation of cyclic photosystem I was also suggested by a low constant K, representing the quasi equilibria between (re)oxidized and reduced photosystem II quinone acceptors as determined from the logarithmic plots of the hyperbolic relationship obtained between qPH and light intensity. It is finally concluded that the terminology and mathematical treatments used for fluorescence measurements can be applied to thermal dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Z Markovic
- Centre de recherche en photobiophysique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada
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4
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Possible photoacoustic detection of cyclic electron transport around Photosystem II in photoinhibited thylakoid preparations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90082-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Fork DC, Herbert SK. THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES TO STUDIES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Photochem Photobiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb02277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Dau H, Canaani O. SHORT-TERM ADAPTATION OF HIGHER PLANTS TO CHANGING LIGHT INTENSITIES AND EVIDENCE FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE LIGHT HARVESTING CHLOROPHYLL alb PROTEIN COMPLEX OF PHOTOSYSTEM II. Photochem Photobiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb08536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Laser-induced optoacoustic calorimetry of cyanobacteria. The efficiency of primary photosynthetic processes in state 1 and state 2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90478-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Characterization of light-activated reversible phosphorylation of a chlorophyll a/b antenna apoprotein in the photosynthetic prokaryote Prochlorothrix hollandica. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(92)90128-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Allen JF. Protein phosphorylation in regulation of photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1098:275-335. [PMID: 1310622 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(09)91014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway
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10
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Light 2 directed changes in the effective absorption cross-section of Photosystem II in Synechocystis 27170 are related to modified action on the donor side of the reaction center. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(05)80120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Harrison MA, Tsinoremas NF, Allen JF. Cyanobacterial thylakoid membrane proteins are reversibly phosphorylated under plastoquinone-reducing conditions in vitro. FEBS Lett 1991; 282:295-9. [PMID: 1903715 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80499-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reversible, light-dependent protein phosphorylation was observed in isolated thylakoid membranes of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301. A polypeptide of 15 kDa in particular was phosphorylated under plastoquinone-reducing conditions and was not phosphorylated under plastoquinone-oxidising conditions. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions involving this and several other membrane polypeptides showed sensitivity to inhibitors of protein kinases and phosphatases. Changes in phosphorylation state correlated with changes in low temperature fluorescence emission characteristic of changes in excitation energy distribution between the photosystems. The 15 kDa phosphopolypeptide is likely to be involved directly in light state adaptations in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Harrison
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Leeds, UK
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12
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CARPENTIER ROBERT, OWENS THOMASG, LEBLANC ROGERM. SIMULTANEOUS SATURATION OF VARIABLE FLUORESCENCE YIELD AND PHOTOACOUSTICALLY MONITORED THERMAL EMISSION IN THYLAKOID MEMBRANES. Photochem Photobiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb03672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Canaani O. THE ROLE OF CYCLIC ELECTRON FLOW AROUND PHOTOSYSTEM I and EXCITATION ENERGY DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN THE PHOTOSYSTEMS UPON ACCLIMATION TO HIGH IONIC STRESS IN Dunaliella salina. Photochem Photobiol 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Canaani O. Photoacoustic studies on the dependence of state transitions on grana stacking. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1990; 25:225-232. [PMID: 24420352 DOI: 10.1007/bf00033163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/1989] [Accepted: 05/13/1990] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic detection of oxygen evolution and Emerson enhancement in state 1 and state 2 were compared in a tobacco wild type and mutant (Su/su) deficient in chlorophyll. The mutant shows smaller changes in the distribution of excitation energy between the two photosystems than the wild type. Analysis of Emerson enhancement saturation curves indicates that in the mutant which is deficient in grana partitions and shows less stacking, state 1-state 2 transitions reflect changes in the yield of energy transfer from PS II to PS I (spillover). On the other hand, the wild type containing large grana shows changes in absorption cross-sections of the two photosystems upon state transitions. NaF, a specific phosphatase inhibitor, blocks the transition to state 1, indicating that LHC II phosphorylation has a role in excitation energy regulation in both the mutant as well as the wild type. It is demonstrated that N-ethylmaleimide, a specific sulfhydryl reagent, blocks the transition to state 2, suggesting that a disulfide-sulfhydryl redox couple activates the LHC II kinase in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Canaani
- Biochemistry Department, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
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15
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Malkin S, Herbert SK, Fork DC. Light distribution, transfer and utilization in the marine red alga Porphyra perforata from photoacoustic energy-storage measurements. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90056-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Mullineaux CW, Bittersmann E, Allen JF, Holzwarth AR. Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence emission spectra indicate decreased energy transfer from the phycobilisome to Photosystem II in light-state 2 in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Control of excitation energy distribution in cyanobacteria: sensitivity to uncouplers and ATP synthase inhibitors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90223-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Allen JF, Harrison MA, Holmes NG. Protein phosphorylation and control of excitation energy transfer in photosynthetic purple bacteria and cyanobacteria. Biochimie 1989; 71:1021-8. [PMID: 2512993 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9084(89)90106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The function of phosphorylation of light-harvesting polypeptides is well characterised in chloroplasts of green plants, but the prokaryotic cyanobacteria and purple photosynthetic bacteria have quite different light-harvesting polypeptides whose structure and function cannot be controlled in precisely the same way. Nevertheless, cyanobacteria show light-dependent phosphorylation of membrane polypeptides associated with photosystem II and with the light-harvesting phycobilisome, and purple bacteria show light-dependent phosphorylation of low molecular-weight chromatophore membrane polypeptides. In both cases membrane protein phosphorylation is associated with functional changes observed by chlorophyll fluorescence spectroscopy or chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics. Here we report on our recent protein sequence and other data concerning the identities of these phosphoproteins. We also discuss the significance of these findings for regulation by protein phosphorylation of photosynthesis in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Allen
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Leeds, UK
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19
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Carpentier R, Leblanc RM, Mimeault M. Photoacoustic detection of photosynthetic energy storage in Photosystem II submembrane fractions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Mauzerall D, Greenbaum NL. The absolute size of a photosynthetic unit. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Canaani O, Schuster G, Ohad I. Photoinhibition in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Effect on state transition, intersystem energy distribution and Photosystem I cyclic electron flow. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1989; 20:129-146. [PMID: 24425532 DOI: 10.1007/bf00034122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/1988] [Accepted: 07/29/1988] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The energy distribution, state transitions and photosynthetic electron flow during photoinhibition of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells have been studied in vivo using photoacoustics and modulated fluorescence techniques. In cells exposed to 2500 W/m(2) light at 21 °C for 90 min, 90% of the oxygen evolution activity was lost while photochemical energy storage as expressed by the parameter photochemical loss (P.L.) at 710-720 nm was not impaired. The energy storage vs. modulation frequency profile indicated an endothermic step with a rate constant of 2.1 ms. The extent of the P.L. was not affected by DCMU but was greatly reduced by DBMIB. The regulatory mechanism of the state 1 to state 2 transition process was inactivated and the apparent light absorption cross section of photosystem II increased during the first 20 min of photoinhibition followed by a significant decrease relative to that of photosystem I. These results are consistent with the inactivation of the LHC II kinase and the presence of an active cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in photoinhibited cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Canaani
- Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot
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22
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Biggins J, Bruce D. Regulation of excitation energy transfer in organisms containing phycobilins. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1989; 20:1-34. [PMID: 24425462 DOI: 10.1007/bf00028620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/1988] [Accepted: 06/30/1988] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of excitation energy redistribution (state transition) in organisms containing phycobilins is reviewed. Recent measurements using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in the picosecond range confirm that the state transition in cyanobacteria and red algae is controlled by changes in the kinetics of energy transfer from PS 2 to PS 1 (spillover) rather than by physical dislocation of the phycobilisome and reassociation between the two photosystems (mobile antenna model). Contrary to the analogous situation in higher plants, there is no compelling evidence for the involvement of a protein phosphorylation event in the rapid time range of the state transition, but a variety of data indicate that a membrane conformational change occurs that might change the relative distance between, and/or orientation of the two photosystems within the thylakoid. The state transition is most probably initiated by the redox state of the intersystem electron transport chain, and the conversion to state 1 is driven by coupled PS1 cyclic electron transport. The cryptomonads also undergo wavelength dependent changes in excitation energy distribution by a mechanism very similar to that observed in the red algae and cyanobacteria. However, the changes in energy distribution in this group are most likely related to a photoprotection mechanism for PS2 rather than to a state transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Biggins
- Section of Biochemistry, Brown University, 02912, Providence, RI, USA
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23
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Laser-induced optoacoustic calorimetry of primary processes in isolated Photosystem I and Photosystem II particles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Mullineaux CW, Allen JF. Fluorescence induction transients indicate dissociation of Photosystem II from the phycobilisome during the State-2 transition in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Williams WP, Allen JF. State 1/State 2 changes in higher plants and algae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1987; 13:19-45. [PMID: 24435719 DOI: 10.1007/bf00032263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/1986] [Accepted: 01/21/1987] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Current ideas regarding the molecular basis of State 1/State 2 transitions in higher plants and green algae are mainly centered around the view that excitation energy distribution is controlled by phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHC-II). The evidence supporting this view is examined and the relationship of the transitions occurring in these systems to the corresponding transitions seen in red and blue-green algae is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, King's College London (KQC), Kensington Campus, Campden Hill, W8 7AH, London
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Dau H, Canaani O. SHORT-TERM ADAPTATION OF HIGHER PLANTS TO CHANGING LIGHT INTENSITIES AND EVIDENCE FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE LIGHT HARVESTING CHLOROPHYLL alb PROTEIN COMPLEX OF PHOTOSYSTEM II. Photochem Photobiol 1984. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb08397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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