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Abstract
As the oldest oxygenic photoautotrophic prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have outstanding advantages as the chassis cell in the research field of synthetic biology. Cognition of photosynthetic mechanism, including the photoresponse mechanism under high-light (HL) conditions, is important for optimization of the cyanobacteria photoautotrophic chassis for synthesizing biomaterials as "microbial cell factories." Cyanobacteria are well-established model organisms for the study of oxygenic photosynthesis and have evolved various acclimatory responses to HL conditions to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage. Here, we reviewed the latest progress in the mechanism of HL acclimation in cyanobacteria. The subsequent acclimatory responses and the corresponding molecular mechanisms are included: (1) acclimatory responses of PSII and PSI; (2) the degradation of phycobilisome; (3) induction of the photoprotective mechanisms such as state transitions, OCP-dependent non-photochemical quenching, and the induction of HLIP family; and (4) the regulation mechanisms of the gene expression under HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Järvi S, Suorsa M, Tadini L, Ivanauskaite A, Rantala S, Allahverdiyeva Y, Leister D, Aro EM. Thylakoid-Bound FtsH Proteins Facilitate Proper Biosynthesis of Photosystem I. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:1333-43. [PMID: 27208291 PMCID: PMC4902603 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoid membrane-bound FtsH proteases have a well-characterized role in degradation of the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center protein D1 upon repair of photodamaged PSII. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) var1 and var2 mutants, devoid of the FtsH5 and FtsH2 proteins, respectively, are capable of normal D1 protein turnover under moderate growth light intensity. Instead, they both demonstrate a significant scarcity of PSI complexes. It is further shown that the reduced level of PSI does not result from accelerated photodamage of the PSI centers in var1 or var2 under moderate growth light intensity. On the contrary, radiolabeling experiments revealed impaired synthesis of the PsaA/B reaction center proteins of PSI, which was accompanied by the accumulation of PSI-specific assembly factors. psaA/B transcript accumulation and translation initiation, however, occurred in var1 and var2 mutants as in wild-type Arabidopsis, suggesting problems in later stages of PsaA/B protein expression in the two var mutants. Presumably, the thylakoid membrane-bound FtsH5 and FtsH2 have dual functions in the maintenance of photosynthetic complexes. In addition to their function as a protease in the degradation of the photodamaged D1 protein, they also are required, either directly or indirectly, for early assembly of the PSI complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Järvi
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland (S.J., M.S., A.I., S.R., Y.A., E.-M.A.); andPlant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (L.T., D.L.)
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland (S.J., M.S., A.I., S.R., Y.A., E.-M.A.); andPlant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (L.T., D.L.)
| | - Luca Tadini
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland (S.J., M.S., A.I., S.R., Y.A., E.-M.A.); andPlant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (L.T., D.L.)
| | - Aiste Ivanauskaite
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland (S.J., M.S., A.I., S.R., Y.A., E.-M.A.); andPlant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (L.T., D.L.)
| | - Sanna Rantala
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland (S.J., M.S., A.I., S.R., Y.A., E.-M.A.); andPlant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (L.T., D.L.)
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland (S.J., M.S., A.I., S.R., Y.A., E.-M.A.); andPlant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (L.T., D.L.)
| | - Dario Leister
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland (S.J., M.S., A.I., S.R., Y.A., E.-M.A.); andPlant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (L.T., D.L.)
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland (S.J., M.S., A.I., S.R., Y.A., E.-M.A.); andPlant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (L.T., D.L.)
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Aoki R, Hiraide Y, Yamakawa H, Fujita Y. A novel "oxygen-induced" greening process in a cyanobacterial mutant lacking the transcriptional activator ChlR involved in low-oxygen adaptation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:1841-51. [PMID: 24297184 PMCID: PMC3894359 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.495358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ChlR activates the transcription of the chlAII-ho2-hemN operon in response to low-oxygen conditions in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Three genes in the operon encode low-oxygen-type enzymes to bypass three oxygen-dependent reactions in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. A chlR-lacking mutant, ΔchlR, shows poor photoautotrophic growth due to low chlorophyll (Chl) content under low-oxygen conditions, which is caused by no induction of the operon. Here, we characterized the processes of etiolation of ΔchlR cells in low-oxygen conditions and the subsequent regreening of the etiolated cells upon exposure to oxygen, by HPLC, Western blotting, and low-temperature fluorescence spectra. The Chl content of the etiolated ΔchlR cells incubated under low-oxygen conditions for 7 days was only 10% of that of the wild-type with accumulation of almost all intermediates of the magnesium branch of Chl biosynthesis. Both photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) were significantly decreased, accompanied by a preferential decrease of antenna Chl in PSI. Upon exposure to oxygen, the etiolated ΔchlR cells resumed to produce Chl after a short lag (∼2 h), and the level at 72 h was 80% of that of the wild-type. During this novel "oxygen-induced" greening process, the PSI and PSII contents were largely increased in parallel with the increase in Chl contents. After 72 h, the PSI content reached ∼50% of the wild-type level in contrast to the full recovery of PSII. ΔchlR provides a promising alternative system to investigate the biogenesis of PSI and PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Aoki
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuto Hiraide
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hisanori Yamakawa
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fujita
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Barneche F, Winter V, Crèvecœur M, Rochaix JD. ATAB2 is a novel factor in the signalling pathway of light-controlled synthesis of photosystem proteins. EMBO J 2006; 25:5907-18. [PMID: 17139246 PMCID: PMC1698907 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastid translational control depends to a large extent on the light conditions, and is presumably mediated by nucleus-encoded proteins acting on organelle gene expression. However, the molecular mechanisms of light signalling involved in translation are still poorly understood. We investigated the role of the Arabidopsis ortholog of Tab2, a nuclear gene specifically required for translation of the PsaB photosystem I subunit in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas. Inactivation of ATAB2 strongly affects Arabidopsis development and thylakoid membrane biogenesis and leads to an albino phenotype. Moreover the rate of synthesis of the photosystem reaction center subunits is decreased and the association of their mRNAs with polysomes is affected. ATAB2 is a chloroplast A/U-rich RNA-binding protein that presumably functions as an activator of translation with at least two targets, one for each photosystem. During early seedling development, ATAB2 blue-light induction is lowered in photoreceptor mutants, notably in those lacking cryptochromes. Considering its role in protein synthesis and its photoreceptor-mediated expression, ATAB2 represents a novel factor in the signalling pathway of light-controlled translation of photosystem proteins during early plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédy Barneche
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Winter
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michèle Crèvecœur
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 22 379 6187; Fax: +41 22 379 6868; E-mail:
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Fujimori T, Higuchi M, Sato H, Aiba H, Muramatsu M, Hihara Y, Sonoike K. The mutant of sll1961, which encodes a putative transcriptional regulator, has a defect in regulation of photosystem stoichiometry in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Physiol 2005; 139:408-16. [PMID: 16113218 PMCID: PMC1203389 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.064782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In acclimation to changing light environments, photosynthetic organisms modulate the ratio of two photosynthetic reaction centers (photosystem I [PSI] and photosystem II). One mutant, which could not modulate photosystem stoichiometry upon the shift to high light, was isolated from mutants created by random transposon mutagenesis. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and analysis of the reaction center subunits of PSI through western blotting in this mutant revealed that the content of PSI could not be suppressed under high-light condition. In the mutant, transposon was inserted to the sll1961 gene encoding a putative transcriptional regulator. DNA microarray analysis revealed that the expression of sll1773 was drastically induced in the sll1961 mutant upon exposure to high light for 3 h. Our results demonstrate that a transcriptional regulator, Sll1961, and its possible target proteins, including Sll1773, may be responsible for the regulation of photosystem stoichiometry in response to high light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Fujimori
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan
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Sato N, Suda K, Tsuzuki M. Responsibility of phosphatidylglycerol for biogenesis of the PSI complex. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 2004; 1658:235-43. [PMID: 15450961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Revised: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) ubiquitous in thylakoid membranes of photosynthetic organisms was previously shown to contribute to accumulation of chlorophyll through analysis of the cdsA- mutant of a cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 defective in PG synthesis (SNC1). Here, we characterized effects of manipulation of the PG content in thylakoid membranes of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 on the photosystem complexes to specify roles of PG in biogenesis of thylakoid membranes. SNC1 cells with PG deprivation in vivo, together with the chlorophyll decrease, exhibited a decline not in PSII, but in PSI, at the complex level as well as the subunit levels. On the other hand, the decrease in the PSI complex was accounted for by a remarkable decrease in the PSI trimer with an increase in the monomer. These symptoms of SNC1 cells were complemented in vivo by supplementation of PG. Besides, a reduction in the PG content of thylakoid membranes isolated from the wild type in vitro on treatment with phospholipase A2 (PLA2), similar to the PG-deprivation in SNC1 in vivo, brought about a decrease in the trimer population of PSI with accumulation of the monomer. These results demonstrated that PG contributes to the synthesis and/or stability of the PSI complex for maintenance of the cellular content of chlorophyll, and also to construction of the PSI trimer from the monomer at least through stabilization of the trimerized conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Sato
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Yabe T, Morimoto K, Kikuchi S, Nishio K, Terashima I, Nakai M. The Arabidopsis chloroplastic NifU-like protein CnfU, which can act as an iron-sulfur cluster scaffold protein, is required for biogenesis of ferredoxin and photosystem I. Plant Cell 2004; 16:993-1007. [PMID: 15031412 PMCID: PMC412872 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2003] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters is a highly regulated process involving several proteins. Among them, so-called scaffold proteins play pivotal roles in both the assembly and delivery of iron-sulfur clusters. Here, we report the identification of two chloroplast-localized NifU-like proteins, AtCnfU-V and AtCnfU-IVb, from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with high sequence similarity to a cyanobacterial NifU-like protein that was proposed to serve as a molecular scaffold. AtCnfU-V is constitutively expressed in several tissues of Arabidopsis, whereas the expression of AtCnfU-IVb is prominent in the aerial parts. Mutant Arabidopsis lacking AtCnfU-V exhibited a dwarf phenotype with faint pale-green leaves and had drastically impaired photosystem I accumulation. Chloroplasts in the mutants also showed a decrease in both the amount of ferredoxin, a major electron carrier of the stroma that contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster, and in the in vitro activity of iron-sulfur cluster insertion into apo-ferredoxin. When expressed in Escherichia coli cells, AtCnfU-V formed a homodimer carrying a [2Fe-2S]-like cluster, and this cluster could be transferred to apo-ferredoxin in vitro to form holo-ferredoxin. We propose that AtCnfU has an important function as a molecular scaffold for iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis in chloroplasts and thereby is required for biogenesis of ferredoxin and photosystem I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Yabe
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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