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Saito K, Tamura H, Ishikita H. Superexchange Electron Transfer and Protein Matrix in the Charge-Separation Process of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:9183-9192. [PMID: 39213497 PMCID: PMC11404480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In type-II reaction centers, such as photosystem II (PSII) and reaction centers from purple bacteria (PbRC), light-induced charge separation involves electron transfer from pheophytin (PheoD1) to quinone (QA), occurring near a conserved tryptophan residue (D2-Trp253 in PSII and Trp-M252 in PbRC). This study investigates the route of the PheoD1-to-QA electron transfer, focusing on the superexchange coupling (|HPheoD1···QA|) in the PSII protein environment. |HPheoD1···QA| is significantly larger for the PheoD1-to-QA electron transfer via the unoccupied molecular orbitals of D2-Trp253 ([Trp]•--like intermediate state, 0.73 meV) compared to direct electron transfer (0.13 meV), suggesting that superexchange is the dominant mechanism in the PSII protein environment. While the overall impact of the protein environment is limited, local interactions, particularly H-bonds, enhance superexchange electron transfer by directly affecting the delocalization of molecular orbitals. The D2-W253F mutation significantly decreases the electron transfer rate. The conservation of D2-Trp253/D1-Phe255 (Trp-M252/Phe-L216 in PbRC) in the two branches appears to differentiate superexchange coupling, contributing to the branches being either active or inactive in electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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Farooq S, Chmeliov J, Trinkunas G, Valkunas L, van Amerongen H. Is There Excitation Energy Transfer between Different Layers of Stacked Photosystem-II-Containing Thylakoid Membranes? J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1406-1410. [PMID: 27014831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have compared picosecond fluorescence decay kinetics for stacked and unstacked photosystem II membranes in order to evaluate the efficiency of excitation energy transfer between the neighboring layers. The measured kinetics were analyzed in terms of a recently developed fluctuating antenna model that provides information about the dimensionality of the studied system. Independently of the stacking state, all preparations exhibited virtually the same value of the apparent dimensionality, d = 1.6. Thus, we conclude that membrane stacking does not affect the efficiency of the delivery of excitation energy toward the reaction centers but ensures a more compact organization of the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplast and separation of photosystems I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Farooq
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jevgenij Chmeliov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University , Saulėtekio Avenue 9, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Institute of Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Goštauto 11, 01108 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Trinkunas
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University , Saulėtekio Avenue 9, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Institute of Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Goštauto 11, 01108 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Leonas Valkunas
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University , Saulėtekio Avenue 9, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Institute of Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Goštauto 11, 01108 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
- MicroSpectroscopy Centre, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Rasmussen M, Minteer SD. Thylakoid direct photobioelectrocatalysis: utilizing stroma thylakoids to improve bio-solar cell performance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:17327-31. [PMID: 25019197 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02754j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thylakoid membranes from spinach were separated into grana and stroma thylakoid fractions which were characterized by several methods (pigment content, protein gel electrophoresis, photosystem activities, and electron microscopy analysis) to confirm that the intact thylakoids were differentiated into the two domains. The results of photoelectrochemical experiments showed that stroma thylakoid electrodes generate photocurrents more than four times larger than grana thylakoids (51 ± 4 nA cm(-2) compared to 11 ± 1 nA cm(-2)). A similar trend was seen in a bio-solar cell configuration with stroma thylakoids giving almost twice the current (19 ± 3 μA cm(-2)) as grana thylakoids (11 ± 2 μA cm(-2)) with no change in open circuit voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rasmussen
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Grieco M, Suorsa M, Jajoo A, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. Light-harvesting II antenna trimers connect energetically the entire photosynthetic machinery - including both photosystems II and I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:607-19. [PMID: 25843550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In plant chloroplasts, the two photosystems (PSII and PSI) are enriched in different thylakoid domains and, according to the established view, are regarded as energetically segregated from each other. A specific fraction of the light harvesting complex II (LHCII) has been postulated to get phosphorylated by the STN7 kinase and subsequently to migrate from PSII to PSI as part of a process called 'state transition'. Nevertheless, the thylakoid membrane incorporates a large excess of LHCII not present in the isolatable PSII-LHCII and PSI-LHCII complexes. Moreover, LHCII phosphorylation is not limited to a specific LHCII pool and "state 2" condition, but is found in all thylakoid domains in any constant light condition. Here, using a targeted solubilization of pigment-protein complexes from different thylakoid domains, we demonstrate that even a minor detachment of LHCII leads to markedly increased fluorescence emission from LHCII and PSII both in grana core and non-appressed thylakoid membranes and the effect of the detergent to detach LHCII is enhanced in the absence of LHCII phosphorylation. These findings provide evidence that PSII and PSI are energy traps embedded in the same energetically connected LHCII lake. In the lake, PSI and LHCII are energetically connected even in the absence of LHCII phosphorylation, yet the phosphorylation enhances the interaction required for efficient energy transfer to PSI in the grana margin regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Grieco
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, MP, India
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Maksimov EG, Kurashov VN, Mamedov MD, Paschenko VZ. Hybrid system based on quantum dots and photosystem 2 core complex. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:624-30. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912060090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nevo R, Charuvi D, Tsabari O, Reich Z. Composition, architecture and dynamics of the photosynthetic apparatus in higher plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:157-76. [PMID: 22449050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The process of oxygenic photosynthesis enabled and still sustains aerobic life on Earth. The most elaborate form of the apparatus that carries out the primary steps of this vital process is the one present in higher plants. Here, we review the overall composition and supramolecular organization of this apparatus, as well as the complex architecture of the lamellar system within which it is harbored. Along the way, we refer to the genetic, biochemical, spectroscopic and, in particular, microscopic studies that have been employed to elucidate the structure and working of this remarkable molecular energy conversion device. As an example of the highly dynamic nature of the apparatus, we discuss the molecular and structural events that enable it to maintain high photosynthetic yields under fluctuating light conditions. We conclude the review with a summary of the hypotheses made over the years about the driving forces that underlie the partition of the lamellar system of higher plants and certain green algae into appressed and non-appressed membrane domains and the segregation of the photosynthetic protein complexes within these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Bögershausen O, Haumann M, Junge W. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution: H/D isotope effects and the coupling between electron and proton transfer during transitions S2⟹3 and S3⟹S4→S0. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19961001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Nevo R, Chuartzman SG, Tsabari O, Reich Z, Charuvi D, Shimoni E. Architecture of Thylakoid Membrane Networks. LIPIDS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Semenov A, Cherepanov D, Mamedov M. Electrogenic reactions and dielectric properties of photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 98:121-30. [PMID: 18937043 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on the mechanism of photovoltage generation involving the photosystem II turnover. This large integral membrane enzyme catalyzes the light-driven oxidation of water and reduction of plastoquinone. The data discussed in this work show that there are four main electrogenic steps in native complexes: (i) light-induced charge separation between special pair chlorophylls P(680) and primary quinone acceptor Q(A); (ii) P(680)(+) reduction by the redox-active tyrosine Y(Z) of polypeptide D1; (iii) oxidation of Mn cluster by Y(Z)(ox) followed by proton release, and (iv) protonation of double reduced secondary quinone acceptor Q(B). The electrogenicity related to (i) proton-coupled electron transfer between Q(A)(-) and preoxidized non-heme iron (Fe(3+)) in native and (ii) electron transfer between protein-water boundary and Y(Z)(ox) in the presence of redox-dye(s) in Mn-depleted samples, respectively, were also considered. Evaluation of the dielectric properties using the electrometric data and the polarity profiles of reaction center from purple bacteria Blastochloris viridis and photosystem II are presented. The knowledge of the profile of dielectric permittivity along the photosynthetic reaction center is important for understanding of the mechanism of electron transfer between redox cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Semenov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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10
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Burda K. Dynamics of electron transfer in photosystem II. Cell Biochem Biophys 2007; 47:271-84. [PMID: 17652775 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-007-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II, being a constituent of light driven photosynthetic apparatus, is a highly organized pigment-protein-lipid complex. The arrangement of PSII active redox cofactors insures efficiency of electron transfer within it. Donation of electrons extracted from water by the oxygen evolving complex to plastoquinones requires an additional activation energy. In this paper we present theoretical discussion of the anharmonic fluctuations of the protein-lipid matrix of PSII and an experimental evidence showing that the fluctuations are responsible for coupling of its donor and acceptor side. We argue that the fast collective motions liberated at temperatures higher that 200 K are crucial for the two final steps of the water splitting cycle and that one can distinguish three different dynamic regimes of PSII action which are controlled by the timescales of forward electron transfer, which vary with temperature. The three regimes of the dynamical behavior are related to different spatial domains of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kvetoslava Burda
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
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11
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Mullineaux CW. Function and evolution of grana. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2005; 10:521-5. [PMID: 16169274 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are descended from cyanobacteria, and they retain many features of the cyanobacterial photosynthetic apparatus. However, land-plant chloroplasts have a strikingly different thylakoid membrane organization to that of cyanobacteria. Usually the two photosystems are laterally segregated; Photosystem II is concentrated in complex stacked-membrane structures known as grana. The function of grana has long been debated. Recent studies on membrane organization in chloroplasts, cyanobacteria and purple bacteria now offer a new perspective. I argue that grana allow the presence of a large light-harvesting antenna for Photosystem II, without excessively restricting electron transport. Other organisms solve this problem in different ways. Land plants evolved from macroalgae that were adapted to high light conditions; they evolved grana as a new solution to the problem of efficient photosynthesis in shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad W Mullineaux
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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12
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Dekker JP, Boekema EJ. Supramolecular organization of thylakoid membrane proteins in green plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2005; 1706:12-39. [PMID: 15620363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Revised: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis in green plants are mediated by four large protein complexes, embedded in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII) are both organized into large supercomplexes with variable amounts of membrane-bound peripheral antenna complexes. PSI consists of a monomeric core complex with single copies of four different LHCI proteins and has binding sites for additional LHCI and/or LHCII complexes. PSII supercomplexes are dimeric and contain usually two to four copies of trimeric LHCII complexes. These supercomplexes have a further tendency to associate into megacomplexes or into crystalline domains, of which several types have been characterized. Together with the specific lipid composition, the structural features of the main protein complexes of the thylakoid membranes form the main trigger for the segregation of PSII and LHCII from PSI and ATPase into stacked grana membranes. We suggest that the margins, the strongly folded regions of the membranes that connect the grana, are essentially protein-free, and that protein-protein interactions in the lumen also determine the shape of the grana. We also discuss which mechanisms determine the stacking of the thylakoid membranes and how the supramolecular organization of the pigment-protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane and their flexibility may play roles in various regulatory mechanisms of green plant photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Dekker
- Faculty of Sciences, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Boekema EJ, van Breemen JF, van Roon H, Dekker JP. Arrangement of photosystem II supercomplexes in crystalline macrodomains within the thylakoid membrane of green plant chloroplasts. J Mol Biol 2000; 301:1123-33. [PMID: 10966810 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chloroplast thylakoid membrane of green plants is organized in stacked grana membranes and unstacked stroma membranes. We investigated the structural organization of Photosystem II (PSII) in paired grana membrane fragments by transmission electron microscopy. The membrane fragments were obtained by a short treatment of thylakoid membranes with the mild detergent n-dodecyl-alpha, d-maltoside and are thought to reflect the grana membranes in a native state. The membranes frequently show crystalline macrodomains in which PSII is organized in rows spaced by either 26.3 nm (large-spaced crystals) or 23 nm (small-spaced crystals). The small-spaced crystals are less common but better ordered. Image analysis of the crystals by an aperiodic approach revealed the precise positions of the core parts of PSII in the lattices, as well as features of the peripheral light-harvesting antenna. Together, they indicate that the so-called C(2)S(2) and C(2)S(2)M supercomplexes form the basic motifs of the small-spaced and large-spaced crystals, respectively. An analysis of a pair of membranes with a well-ordered large-spaced crystal reveals that many PSII complexes in one layer face only light-harvesting complexes (LHCII) in the other layer. The implications of this type of organization for the efficient transfer of excitation energy from LHCII to PSII and for the stacking of grana membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Boekema
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands.
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Bulychev A, Dassen J, Vredenberg W, Opanasenko V, Semenova G. Stimulation of photocurrent in chloroplasts related to light-induced swelling of thylakoid system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(98)00129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Paillotin G, Leibl W, Gapiński J, Breton J, Dobek A. Light gradients in spherical photosynthetic vesicles. Biophys J 1998; 75:124-33. [PMID: 9649373 PMCID: PMC1299685 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-gradient photovoltage measurements were performed on EDTA-treated thylakoids and on osmotically swollen thylakoids (blebs), both of spherical symmetry but of different sizes. In the case of EDTA vesicles, a negative polarity (due to the normal light gradient) was observed in the blue range of the absorption spectrum, and a positive polarity, corresponding to an inverse light gradient, was observed at lambda = 530 and lambda = 682 nm. The sign of the photovoltage polarity measured in large blebs (swollen thylakoids) is the same as that obtained for whole chloroplasts, although differences in the amplitudes are observed. An approach based on the use of polar coordinates was adapted for a theoretical description of these membrane systems of spherical symmetry. The light intensity distribution and the photovoltage in such systems were calculated. Fits to the photovoltage amplitudes, measured as a function of light wavelength, made it possible to derive the values of the dielectric constant of the protein, epsilons = 3, and the refractive index of the photosynthetic membrane for light propagating perpendicular and parallel to the membrane surface, nt = 1.42 and nn = 1.60, respectively. The latter two values determine the birefringence of the biological membrane, Deltan = nn - nt = 0.18.
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Ptak A, Dudkowiak A, Frąckowiak D. Photoelectrical properties of green bacteria cells and cell fragments located in electrochemical cell. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(98)00232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Naser N, Planner A, Fraąckowiak D. Action spectra of the photopotential generation for pigment and dye solutions in nematic liquid crystals located in the electrochemical cell. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(97)00284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Photocurrent kinetics (in the microsecond time range) of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and stilbazolium merocyanine solutions in a nematic liquid crystal located in an electrochemical cell. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(96)04508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Mamedov MD, Beshta OE, Samuilov VD. Electrogenicity at the secondary quinone acceptor site of cyanobacterial photosystem II. FEBS Lett 1994; 350:96-8. [PMID: 8062933 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Flash-induced generation of the electric potential difference (delta psi) by a direct electrometrical method was studied in Anacystis nidulans photosystem II-containing proteoliposomes associated with a phospholipid-impregnated collodion film. Besides a rapid phase of delta psi generation corresponding to charge separation between P680 and QA, an additional electrogenic phase with a characteristic time of 0.27 ms at pH 7.0 was observed after the second laser flash. The maximal amplitude of this phase was approx. 4% of that related to the P680+QA- formation. The sensitivity of this phase to DCMU, the flash-number dependence of its amplitude as well as the amplitude and the rate constant pH-dependences, indicate that it is due to the dismutation of QA- and QB- and to subsequent protonation of a doubly reduced plastoquinone QB2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Mamedov
- Department of Cell Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Russian Federation
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Haumann M, Junge W. The rates of proton uptake and electron transfer at the reducing side of photosystem II in thylakoids. FEBS Lett 1994; 347:45-50. [PMID: 8013659 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Proton and electron transfer at the reducing side of photosystem II of green plants was studied under flashing light, the former at improved time resolution by using Neutral red. The rates of electron transfer within QAFeQB were determined by pump-probe flashes through electrochromic transients. The extent of proton binding was about 1 H+/e-. The rates of proton transfer were proportional to the concentration of Neutral red (collisional transfer), whereas the rates of electron transfer out of QA- and from QAFeQB- to the cytochrome b6f complex were constant. The half-rise times of electron transfer (tau e) and the apparent times of proton binding (tau h) at 30 microM Neutral red were: QA- --> FeIIIQB (tau c < or = 100 microseconds, tau h = 230 microseconds); QA- --> FeIIQB (tau c = 150 microseconds, tau h = 760 microseconds); and QA- --> FeIIQB (tau c = 150 microseconds, tau h = 760 microseconds); and QA- --> FeIIQB (tau c = 620 microseconds, tau h = 310 microseconds).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haumann
- Biophysik, FB Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, Germany
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An electrogenic reaction associated with the re-reduction of P680 by Tyr Z in Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Evans E, Brown RG. New trends in photobiology. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(93)06925-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Meszéna G. Wavelength dependence and kinetics of the photovoltaic effects in chloroplast suspensions. Biophys Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-4622(93)e0088-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Vass I, Gatzen G, Holzwarth AR. Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence studies on photoinhibition and double reduction of QA in photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90244-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Van de Ven M, Cao J, Royer C, Gratton E. Multifrequency cross-correlation phase fluorometry of chlorophyll a fluorescence in thylakoid and PSII-enriched membranes. Photochem Photobiol 1993; 58:438-45. [PMID: 8234479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb09587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We present here a comparative study on the decay of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence yield in thylakoid membranes and photosystem II (PSII)-enriched samples, measured with multifrequency cross-correlation phase fluorometry. These measurements confirm the general conclusions of Van Mieghem et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1100, 198-206, 1992), obtained with a flash method, on the effects of reduction of the primary quinone acceptor (QA) on Chl a fluorescence yield of PSII. Different states of the reaction centers of PSII were produced by: (1) pretreatment with sodium dithionite and methyl viologen followed by laser illumination: the doubly reduced QA (QAH2) centers; (2) with laser illumination or pretreatment with diuron: QA- centers; and (3) the addition of micromolar concentration of dichlorobenzoquinone (DCBQ): oxidized QA centers. The data were analyzed with Lorentzian distribution as well as with multiexponential fluorescence decay functions. The analysis with Lorentzian distribution function showed that upon formation of QA-, the major lifetime distribution peak shifted to longer lifetimes: from 0.25 ns to 1.66 ns (pea thylakoid membranes) and from 0.24 ns to 1.31 ns (core PSII). However, when QAH2 was formed, the lifetime distribution peaks shifted back to shorter lifetimes (0.57-0.77 ns) both in thylakoids and PSII membranes. Multiexponential analysis showed three lifetime components: fast (40-400 ps), middle (300-1500 ps) and slow (5-25 ns). When QA- was formed in PSII centers, the amplitude of the fast component decreased, but both the amplitude and the lifetime of the middle component increased severalfold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Liu B, Napiwotzki A, Eckert HJ, Eichler H, Renger G. Studies on the recombination kinetics of the radical pair P680+Pheo− in isolated PS II core complexes from spinach. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90094-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Trissl HW, Hecks B, Wulf K. INVARIABLE TRAPPING TIMES IN PHOTOSYSTEM I UPON EXCITATION OF MINOR LONG-WAVELENGTH-ABSORBING PIGMENTS. Photochem Photobiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb02264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Holzwarth AR, Roelofs TA. Recent advances in the understanding of chlorophyll excited state dynamics in thylakoid membranes and isolated reaction centre complexes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(92)87005-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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France LL, Geacintov NE, Breton J, Valkunas L. The dependence of the degrees of sigmoidicities of fluorescence induction curves in spinach chloroplasts on the duration of actinic pulses in pump-probe experiments. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90474-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dau H, Windecker R, Hansen UP. Effect of light-induced changes in thylakoid voltage on chlorophyll fluorescence of Aegopodium podagraria leaves. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(05)80145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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An electroluminescence study of stabilization reactions in the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(05)80069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hansson O, Wydrzynski T. Current perceptions of Photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1990; 23:131-162. [PMID: 24421057 DOI: 10.1007/bf00035006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/1989] [Accepted: 06/05/1989] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years our knowledge of the structure and function of Photosystem II in oxygen-evolving organisms has increased significantly. The biochemical isolation and characterization of essential protein components and the comparative analysis from purple photosynthetic bacteria (Deisenhofer, Epp, Miki, Huber and Michel (1984) J Mol Biol 180: 385-398) have led to a more concise picture of Photosystem II organization. Thus, it is now generally accepted that the so-called D1 and D2 intrinsic proteins bind the primary reactants and the reducing-side components. Simultaneously, the nature and reaction kinetics of the major electron transfer components have been further clarified. For example, the radicals giving rise to the different forms of EPR Signal II have recently been assigned to oxidized tyrosine residues on the D1 and D2 proteins, while the so-called Q400 component has been assigned to the ferric form of the acceptor-side iron. The primary charge-separation has been meaured to take place in about 3 ps. However, despite all recent major efforts, the location of the manganese ions and the water-oxidation mechanism still remain largely unknown. Other topics which lately have received much attention include the organization of Photosystem II in the thylakoid membrane and the role of lipids and ionic cofactors like bicarbonate, calcium and chloride. This article attempts to give an overall update in this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hansson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
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Relationship between the fraction of closed photosynthetic reaction centers and the amplitude of the photovoltage from light-gradient experiments. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Leibl W, Breton J, Deprez J, Trissl HW. Photoelectric study on the kinetics of trapping and charge stabilization in oriented PS II membranes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1989; 22:257-275. [PMID: 24424815 DOI: 10.1007/bf00048304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Excitation energy trapping and charge separation in Photosystem II were studied by kinetic analysis of the fast photovoltage detected in membrane fragments from peas with picosecond excitation. With the primary quinone acceptor oxidized the photovoltage displayed a biphasic rise with apparent time constants of 100-300 ps and 550±50 ps. The first phase was dependent on the excitation energy whereas the second phase was not. We attribute these two phases to trapping (formation of P-680(+) Phe(-)) and charge stabilization (formation of P-680(+) QA (-)), respectively. A reversibility of the trapping process was demonstrated by the effect of the fluorescence quencher DNB and of artificial quinone acceptors on the apparent rate constants and amplitudes. With the primary quinone acceptor reduced a transient photoelectric signal was observed and attributed to the formation and decay of the primary radical pair. The maximum concentration of the radical pair formed with reduced QA was about 30% of that measured with oxidized QA. The recombination time was 0.8-1.2 ns.The competition between trapping and annihilation was estimated by comparison of the photovoltage induced by short (30 ps) and long (12 ns) flashes. These data and the energy dependence of the kinetics were analyzed by a reversible reaction scheme which takes into account singlet-singlet annihilation and progressive closure of reaction centers by bimolecular interaction between excitons and the trap. To put on firmer grounds the evaluation of the molecular rate constants and the relative electrogenicity of the primary reactions in PS II, fluorescence decay data of our preparation were also included in the analysis. Evidence is given that the rates of radical pair formation and charge stabilization are influenced by the membrane potential. The implications of the results for the quantum yield are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Leibl
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Biophysik, Barbarastr. 11, D-4500, Osnabrück, FRG
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Holzwarth AR. Applications of ultrafast laser spectroscopy for the study of biological systems. Q Rev Biophys 1989; 22:239-326. [PMID: 2695961 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583500002985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of mode-locked laser operation now nearly two decades ago has started a development which enables researchers to probe the dynamics of ultrafast physical and chemical processes at the molecular level on shorter and shorter time scales. Naturally the first applications were in the fields of photophysics and photochemistry where it was then possible for the first time to probe electronic and vibrational relaxation processes on a sub-nanosecond timescale. The development went from lasers producing pulses of many picoseconds to the shortest pulses which are at present just a few femtoseconds long. Soon after their discovery ultrashort pulses were applied also to biological systems which has revealed a wealth of information contributing to our understanding of a broadrange of biological processes on the molecular level.It is the aim of this review to discuss the recent advances and point out some future trends in the study of ultrafast processes in biological systems using laser techniques. The emphasis will be mainly on new results obtained during the last 5 or 6 years. The term ultrafast means that I shall restrict myself to sub-nanosecond processes with a few exceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim/Ruhr, FRG
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Trissl HW, Gärtner W, Leibl W. Reversed picosecond charge displacement from the photoproduct K of bacteriorhodopsin demonstrated photoelectrically. Chem Phys Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(89)87381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mauzerall D, Greenbaum NL. The absolute size of a photosynthetic unit. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Keuper HJ, Sauer K. Effect of photosystem II reaction center closure on nanosecond fluorescence relaxation kinetics. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1989; 20:85-103. [PMID: 24425465 DOI: 10.1007/bf00028623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/1988] [Accepted: 07/15/1988] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence decay of chlorophyll in spinach thylakoids was measured as a function of the degree of closure of Photosystem II reaction centers, which was set for the flowed sample by varying either the preillumination by actinic light or the exposure of the sample to the exciting pulsed laser light. Three exponential kinetic components originating in Photosystem II were fitted to the decays; a fourth component arising from Photosystem I was determined to be negligible at the emission wavelength of 685 nm at which the fluorescence decays were measured. Both the lifetimes and the amplitudes of the components vary with reaction center closure. A fast (170-330 ps) component reflects the trapping kinetics of open Photosystem II reaction centers capable of reducing the plastoquinone pool; its amplitude decreases gradually with trap closure, which is incompatible with the concept of photosynthetic unit connectivity where excitation energy which encounters a closed trap can find a different, possibly open one. For a connected system, the amplitude of the fast fluorescence component is expected to remain constant. The slow component (1.7-3.0 ns) is virtually absent when the reaction centers are open, and its growth is attributable to the appearance of closed centers. The middle component (0.4-1.7 ns) with approximately constant amplitude may originate from centers that are not functionally linked to the plastoquinone pool. To explain the continuous increase in the lifetimes of all three components upon reaction center closure, we propose that the transmembrane electric field generated by photosynthetic turnover modulates the trapping kinetics in Photosystem II and thereby affects the excited state lifetime in the antenna in the trap-limited case.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Keuper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A
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Meszéna G, Devault D. Investigations of the polarity of the photo-induced electrical signal of chloroplast suspensions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1989; 22:115-122. [PMID: 24424683 DOI: 10.1007/bf00114771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/1989] [Accepted: 04/19/1989] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports data and considerations relevant to the question of what determines the polarity of the voltages induced between electrodes in a suspension of chloroplasts when irradiated with a flash of light from a laser or flash-lamp. We found positive polarity (electrode nearest the light source positive) with excitation by ns pulses at 694, 539 and 530 nm wavelength. This and the earlier finding (Meszéna et al. (1988) Studia Biophysica 126:77-86), confirmed in this work, of negative polarity at 420 nm confirm, in part, the action spectrum reported by Gräber and Trissl (1981 FEBS Let 123:95-99) using 50 μs flashes. Gräber and Trissl also showed that swelling the chloroplasts can reverse the polarity.Negative polarity is expected on the basis of a simple light-gradient in the sample together with what is known about photosynthetic charge movements. The cause of positive polarities has eluded explanation. Duration of flash was suspected. We tried a random series of short flashes averaging about 10 μs apart and found that all simply duplicated the first flash. If there is any effect of light following the first flash it must occur in less than about 10 μs.We suggest that the polarity is determined by a complicated interference pattern of the light in the chloroplast which can focus it onto different parts, front or back, depending upon the wavelength of the light and the structure of the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Meszéna
- Department of Atomic Physics, Roland Eötvös University, Puskin u.5-7, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
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Vos MH, van Gorkom HJ. Thermodynamics of electron transport in Photosystem I studied by electric field-stimulated charge recombination. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kischkoweit C, Leibl W, Trissl HW. Theoretical and experimental study of trapping times and antenna organization in pea chloroplasts by means of the artificial fluorescence quencher m-dinitrobenzene. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jones RW, Whitmarsh J. Inhibition of electron transfer and the electrogenic reaction in the cytochrome bf complex by 2-n-nonyl-4-hydroxyquinolineN-oxide (NQNO) and 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Trissl HW, Leibl W, Deprez J, Dobek A, Breton J. Trapping and annihilation in the antenna system of Photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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