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Nürnberg DJ, Morton J, Santabarbara S, Telfer A, Joliot P, Antonaru LA, Ruban AV, Cardona T, Krausz E, Boussac A, Fantuzzi A, Rutherford AW. Photochemistry beyond the red limit in chlorophyll f-containing photosystems. Science 2018; 360:1210-1213. [PMID: 29903971 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar8313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Photosystems I and II convert solar energy into the chemical energy that powers life. Chlorophyll a photochemistry, using red light (680 to 700 nm), is near universal and is considered to define the energy "red limit" of oxygenic photosynthesis. We present biophysical studies on the photosystems from a cyanobacterium grown in far-red light (750 nm). The few long-wavelength chlorophylls present are well resolved from each other and from the majority pigment, chlorophyll a. Charge separation in photosystem I and II uses chlorophyll f at 745 nm and chlorophyll f (or d) at 727 nm, respectively. Each photosystem has a few even longer-wavelength chlorophylls f that collect light and pass excitation energy uphill to the photochemically active pigments. These photosystems function beyond the red limit using far-red pigments in only a few key positions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alison Telfer
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Pierre Joliot
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura A Antonaru
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Tanai Cardona
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elmars Krausz
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alain Boussac
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198, Bât 532, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrea Fantuzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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D'Haene SE, Sobotka R, Bučinská L, Dekker JP, Komenda J. Interaction of the PsbH subunit with a chlorophyll bound to histidine 114 of CP47 is responsible for the red 77K fluorescence of Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1327-34. [PMID: 26164101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of the active Photosystem II (PSII) complex is a red-shifted low temperature fluorescence emission at about 693nm. The origin of this emission has been attributed to a monomeric 'red' chlorophyll molecule located in the CP47 subunit. However, the identity and function of this chlorophyll remain uncertain. In our previous work, we could not detect the red PSII emission in a mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 lacking PsbH, a small transmembrane subunit bound to CP47. However, it has not been clear whether the PsbH is structurally essential for the red emission or the observed effect of mutation has been indirectly caused by compromised PSII stability and function. In the present work we performed a detailed spectroscopic characterization of PSII in cells of a mutant lacking PsbH and Photosystem I and we also characterized PSII core complexes isolated from this mutant. In addition, we purified and characterized the CP47 assembly modules containing and lacking PsbH. The results clearly confirm an essential role of PsbH in the origin of the PSII red emission and also demonstrate that PsbH stabilizes the binding of one β-carotene molecule in PSII. Crystal structures of the cyanobacterial PSII show that PsbH directly interacts with a single monomeric chlorophyll ligated by the histidine 114 residue of CP47 and we conclude that this peripheral chlorophyll hydrogen-bonded to PsbH is responsible for the red fluorescence state of CP47. Given the proximity of β-carotene this state could participate in the dissipation of excessive light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine E D'Haene
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis/Physics of Energy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Bučinská
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan P Dekker
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis/Physics of Energy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Wientjes E, van Amerongen H, Croce R. Quantum yield of charge separation in photosystem II: functional effect of changes in the antenna size upon light acclimation. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11200-8. [PMID: 23534376 DOI: 10.1021/jp401663w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied thylakoid membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana acclimated to different light conditions and have related protein composition to excitation energy transfer and trapping kinetics in Photosystem II (PSII). In high light: the plants have reduced amounts of the antenna complexes LHCII and CP24, the overall trapping time of PSII is only ∼180 ps, and the quantum efficiency reaches a value of 91%. In low light: LHCII is upregulated, the PSII lifetime becomes ∼310 ps, and the efficiency decreases to 84%. This difference is largely caused by slower excitation energy migration to the reaction centers in low-light plants due to the LHCII trimers that are not part of the C2S2M2 supercomplex. This pool of "extra" LHCII normally transfers energy to both photosystems, whereas it transfers only to PSII upon far-red light treatment (state 1). It is shown that in high light the reduction of LHCII mainly concerns the LHCII-M trimers, while the pool of "extra" LHCII remains intact and state transitions continue to occur. The obtained values for the efficiency of PSII are compared with the values of Fv/Fm, a parameter that is widely used to indicate the PSII quantum efficiency, and the observed differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Wientjes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam , 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Purchase R, Völker S. Spectral hole burning: examples from photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 101:245-66. [PMID: 19714478 PMCID: PMC2744831 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The optical spectra of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes usually show broad absorption bands, often consisting of a number of overlapping, "hidden" bands belonging to different species. Spectral hole burning is an ideal technique to unravel the optical and dynamic properties of such hidden species. Here, the principles of spectral hole burning (HB) and the experimental set-up used in its continuous wave (CW) and time-resolved versions are described. Examples from photosynthesis studied with hole burning, obtained in our laboratory, are then presented. These examples have been classified into three groups according to the parameters that were measured: (1) hole widths as a function of temperature, (2) hole widths as a function of delay time and (3) hole depths as a function of wavelength. Two examples from light-harvesting (LH) 2 complexes of purple bacteria are given within the first group: (a) the determination of energy-transfer times from the chromophores in the B800 ring to the B850 ring, and (b) optical dephasing in the B850 absorption band. One example from photosystem II (PSII) sub-core complexes of higher plants is given within the second group: it shows that the size of the complex determines the amount of spectral diffusion measured. Within the third group, two examples from (green) plants and purple bacteria have been chosen for: (a) the identification of "traps" for energy transfer in PSII sub-core complexes of green plants, and (b) the uncovering of the lowest k = 0 exciton-state distribution within the B850 band of LH2 complexes of purple bacteria. The results prove the potential of spectral hole burning measurements for getting quantitative insight into dynamic processes in photosynthetic systems at low temperature, in particular, when individual bands are hidden within broad absorption bands. Because of its high-resolution wavelength selectivity, HB is a technique that is complementary to ultrafast pump-probe methods. In this review, we have provided an extensive bibliography for the benefit of scientists who plan to make use of this valuable technique in their future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Purchase
- Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Völker
- Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bautista JA, Tracewell CA, Schlodder E, Cunningham FX, Brudvig GW, Diner BA. Construction and Characterization of Genetically Modified Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Photosystem II Core Complexes Containing Carotenoids with Shorter π-Conjugation than β-Carotene. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:38839-50. [PMID: 16159754 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504953200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-carotene has been identified as an intermediate in a secondary electron transfer pathway that oxidizes Chl(Z) and cytochrome b(559) in Photosystem II (PS II) when normal tyrosine oxidation is blocked. To test the redox function of carotenoids in this pathway, we replaced the zeta-carotene desaturase gene (zds) or both the zds and phytoene desaturase (pds) genes of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with the phytoene desaturase gene (crtI) of Rhodobacter capsulatus, producing carotenoids with shorter conjugated pi-electron systems and higher reduction potentials than beta-carotene. The PS II core complexes of both mutant strains contain approximately the same number of chlorophylls and carotenoids as the wild type but have replaced beta-carotene (11 double bonds), with neurosporene (9 conjugated double bonds) and beta-zeacarotene (9 conjugated double bonds and 1 beta-ionylidene ring). The presence of the ring appears necessary for PS II assembly. Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the light-induced formation of chlorophyll and carotenoid radical cations in the mutant PS II core complexes at temperatures from 20 to 160 K. At 20 K, a carotenoid cation radical is formed having an absorption maximum at 898 nm, an 85 nm blue shift relative to the beta-carotene radical cation peak in the WT, and consistent with the formation of the cation radical of a carotenoid with 9 conjugated double bonds. The ratio of Chl(+)/Car(+) is higher in the mutant core complexes, consistent with the higher reduction potential for Car(+). As the temperature increases, other carotenoids become accessible to oxidation by P(680)(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Bautista
- CR&D, Experimental Station, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0173, USA
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Telfer A. Too much light? How beta-carotene protects the photosystem II reaction centre. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2005; 4:950-6. [PMID: 16307107 DOI: 10.1039/b507888c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photosystem II reaction centre of all oxygenic organisms is subject to photodamage by high light i.e. photoinhibition. In this review I discuss the reasons for the inevitable and unpreventable oxidative damage that occurs in photosystem II and the way in which beta-carotene bound to the reaction centre significantly mitigates this damage. Recent X-ray structures of the photosystem II core complex (reaction centre plus the inner antenna complexes) have revealed the binding sites of some of the carotenoids known to be bound to the complex. In the light of these X-ray structures and their known biophysical properties it is thus possible to identify the two beta-carotenes present in the photosystem II reaction centre. The two carotenes are both bound to the D2 protein and this positioning is discussed in relation to their ability to act as quenchers of singlet oxygen, generated via the triplet state of the primary electron donor. It is proposed that their location on the D2 polypeptide means there is more oxidative damage to the D1 protein and that this underlies the fact that this latter protein is continuously re-synthesised, at a far greater rate than any other protein involved in photosynthesis. The relevance of a cycle of electrons around photosystem II, via cytochrome b(559), in order to re-reduce the beta-carotenes when they are oxidised and hence restore their ability to quench singlet oxygen, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Telfer
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK SW7 2AZ.
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Kropacheva TN, Germano M, Zucchelli G, Jennings RC, van Gorkom HJ. Circular dichroism of the peripheral chlorophylls in photosystem II reaction centers revealed by electrochemical oxidation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2005; 1709:119-26. [PMID: 16054591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Visible absorption spectra and circular dichroism (CD) of the red absorption band of isolated photosystem II reaction centers were measured at room temperature during progressive bleaching by electrochemical oxidation, in comparison with aerobic photochemical destruction, and with anaerobic photooxidation in the presence of the artificial electron acceptor silicomolybdate. Initially, selective bleaching of peripheral chlorophylls absorbing at 672 nm was obtained by electrochemical oxidation at +0.9 V, whereas little selectivity was observed at higher potentials. Illumination in the presence of silicomolybdate did not cause a bleaching but a spectral broadening of the 672-nm band was observed, apparently in response to the oxidation of carotene. The 672-nm absorption band is shown to exhibit a positive CD, which accounts for the 674-nm shoulder in CD spectra at low temperature. The origin of this CD is discussed in view of the observation that all CD disappears with the 680-nm absorption band during aerobic photodestruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana N Kropacheva
- Chemistry Department, Udmurt State University, Universitetskaya 1, Izhevsk 426037, Russia.
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Vacha F, Psencik J, Kuty M, Durchan M, Siffel P. Evidence for localisation of accumulated chlorophyll cation on the D1-accessory chlorophyll in the reaction centre of photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2005; 84:297-302. [PMID: 16049789 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-004-6817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 11/25/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Absorption and circular dichroism spectra of Photosystem II (PS II) reaction centres (RC) were studied and compared with spectra calculated on the basis of point-dipole approximation. Chlorophyll cation was accumulated during a light treatment of PS II RC in the presence of artificial electron acceptor silicomolybdate. Light-induced difference spectra and their calculated counterparts revealed the location of accumulated cation at the accessory chlorophyll of the D1 protein subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Vacha
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
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Holt NE, Kennis JTM, Fleming GR. Femtosecond Fluorescence Upconversion Studies of Light Harvesting by β-Carotene in Oxygenic Photosynthetic Core Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp046893p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E. Holt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720-146, and Faculty of Sciences, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biophysics and Physics of Complex Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John T. M. Kennis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720-146, and Faculty of Sciences, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biophysics and Physics of Complex Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720-146, and Faculty of Sciences, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biophysics and Physics of Complex Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Telfer A. What is beta-carotene doing in the photosystem II reaction centre? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2002; 357:1431-39; discussion 1439-40, 1469-70. [PMID: 12437882 PMCID: PMC1693050 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During photosynthesis carotenoids normally serve as antenna pigments, transferring singlet excitation energy to chlorophyll, and preventing singlet oxygen production from chlorophyll triplet states, by rapid spin exchange and decay of the carotenoid triplet to the ground state. The presence of two beta-carotene molecules in the photosystem II reaction centre (RC) now seems well established, but they do not quench the triplet state of the primary electron-donor chlorophylls, which are known as P(680). The beta-carotenes cannot be close enough to P(680) for triplet quenching because that would also allow extremely fast electron transfer from beta-carotene to P(+)(680), preventing the oxidation of water. Their transfer of excitation energy to chlorophyll, though not very efficient, indicates close proximity to the chlorophylls ligated by histidine 118 towards the periphery of the two main RC polypeptides. The primary function of the beta-carotenes is probably the quenching of singlet oxygen produced after charge recombination to the triplet state of P(680). Only when electron donation from water is disturbed does beta-carotene become oxidized. One beta-carotene can mediate cyclic electron transfer via cytochrome b559. The other is probably destroyed upon oxidation, which might trigger a breakdown of the polypeptide that binds the cofactors that carry out charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Telfer
- Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, UK.
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Zehetner A, Scheer H, Siffel P, Vacha F. Photosystem II reaction center with altered pigment-composition: reconstitution of a complex containing five chlorophyll a per two pheophytin a with modified chlorophylls. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1556:21-8. [PMID: 12351215 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(02)00282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pigment-depleted Photosystem II reaction centers (PS II-RCs) from a higher plant (pea) containing five chlorophyll a (Chl) per two pheophytin a (Phe), were treated with Chl and several derivatives under exchange conditions [FEBS Lett. 434 (1998) 88]. The resulting reconstituted complexes were compared to those obtained by pigment exchange of "conventional" PS II-RCs containing six Chl per two Phe. (1) The extraction of one Chl is fully reversible. (2) The site of extraction is the same as the one into which previously extraneous pigments have been exchanged, most likely the peripheral D1-H118. (3) Introducing an efficient quencher (Ni-Chl) into this site results in only 25% reduction of fluorescence, indicating incomplete energy equilibration among the "core" and peripheral chlorophylls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zehetner
- Department Biologie I-Botanik, Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, D-80638, Munich, Germany
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Jankowiak R, Hayes JM, Small GJ. An Excitonic Pentamer Model for the Core Qy States of the Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Center. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020050l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Jankowiak
- Ames LaboratoryUSDOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - J. M. Hayes
- Ames LaboratoryUSDOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - G. J. Small
- Ames LaboratoryUSDOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Germano M, Shkuropatov AY, Permentier H, de Wijn R, Hoff AJ, Shuvalov VA, van Gorkom HJ. Pigment organization and their interactions in reaction centers of photosystem II: optical spectroscopy at 6 K of reaction centers with modified pheophytin composition. Biochemistry 2001; 40:11472-82. [PMID: 11560495 DOI: 10.1021/bi010439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II reaction centers (RC) with selectively exchanged pheophytin (Pheo) molecules as described in [Germano, M., Shkuropatov, A. Ya., Permentier, H., Khatypov, R. A., Shuvalov, V. A., Hoff, A. J., and van Gorkom, H. J. (2000) Photosynth. Res. 64, 189-198] were studied by low-temperature absorption, linear and circular dichroism, and triplet-minus-singlet absorption-difference spectroscopy. The ratio of extinction coefficients epsilon(Pheo)/epsilon(Chl) for Q(Y) absorption in the RC is approximately 0.40 at 6 K and approximately 0.45 at room temperature. The presence of 2 beta-carotenes, one parallel and one perpendicular to the membrane plane, is confirmed. Absorption at 670 nm is due to the perpendicular Q(Y) transitions of the two peripheral chlorophylls (Chl) and not to either Pheo. The "core" pigments, two Pheo and four Chl absorb in the 676-685 nm range. Delocalized excited states as predicted by the "multimer model" are seen in the active branch. The inactive Pheo and the nearby Chl, however, mainly contribute localized transitions at 676 and 680 nm, respectively, although large CD changes indicate that exciton interactions are present on both branches. Replacement of the active Pheo prevents triplet formation, causes an LD increase at 676 and 681 nm, a blue-shift of 680 nm absorbance, and a bleach of the 685 nm exciton band. The triplet state is mainly localized on the Chl corresponding to B(A) in purple bacteria. Both Pheo Q(Y) transitions are oriented out of the membrane plane. Their Q(X) transitions are parallel to that plane, so that the Pheos in PSII are structurally similar to their homologues in purple bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Germano
- Biophysics Department, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Rhee KH. Photosystem II: the solid structural era. ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 2001; 30:307-28. [PMID: 11340062 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.30.1.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the precise role of photosystem II as an element of oxygenic photosynthesis requires knowledge of the molecular structure of this membrane protein complex. The past few years have been particularly exciting because the structural era of the plant photosystem II has begun. Although the atomic structure has yet to be determined, the map obtained at 6 A resolution by electron crystallography allows assignment of the key reaction center subunits with their associated pigment molecules. In the following, we first review the structural details that have recently emerged and then discuss the primary and secondary photochemical reaction pathways. Finally, in an attempt to establish the evolutionary link between the oxygenic and the anoxygenic photosynthesis, a framework structure common to all photosynthetic reaction centers has been defined, and the implications have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Rhee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, United Kingdom.
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Nakamura A, Watanabe T. Separation and determination of minor photosynthetic pigments by reversed-phase HPLC with minimal alteration of chlorophylls. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:503-8. [PMID: 11990566 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase HPLC conditions for separation of chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl a' (the C132-epimer of Chl a), pheophytin (Pheo) a (the primary electron acceptor of photosystem (PS) II), and phylloquinone (PhQ) (the secondary electron acceptor of PS 1), have been developed. Pigment extraction conditions were optimized in terms of pigment alteration and extraction efficiency. Pigment composition analysis of light-harvesting complex II, which would not contain Chl a' nor Pheo a, showed the Chl a'/Chl a ratio of 3-4 x 10(-4) and the Pheo a/Chl a ratio of 4-5 x 10(-4), showing that the conditions developed here were sufficiently inert for Chl analysis. Preliminary analysis of thylakoid membranes with this analytical system gave the PhQ/Chl a' ratio of 0.58 +/- 0.03 (n = 4), in line with the stoichiometry of one molecule of Chl a' per PS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakamura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Japan
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Akiyama M, Miyashita H, Kise H, Watanabe T, Miyachi S, Kobayashi M. Detection of chlorophyll d' and pheophytin a in a chlorophyll d-dominating oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryote Acaryochloris marina. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:205-8. [PMID: 11993664 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Akiyama
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Prokhorenko VI, Holzwarth AR. Primary Processes and Structure of the Photosystem II Reaction Center: A Photon Echo Study,. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002323n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin I. Prokhorenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45413 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alfred R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45413 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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19
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Kleima FJ, Hofmann E, Gobets B, van Stokkum IH, van Grondelle R, Diederichs K, van Amerongen H. Förster excitation energy transfer in peridinin-chlorophyll-a-protein. Biophys J 2000; 78:344-53. [PMID: 10620298 PMCID: PMC1300642 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy spectroscopy has been used to study the chlorophyll a (Chl a) to Chl a excitation energy transfer in the water-soluble peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein (PCP) of the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae. Monomeric PCP binds eight peridinins and two Chl a. The trimeric structure of PCP, resolved at 2 A (, Science. 272:1788-1791), allows accurate calculations of energy transfer times by use of the Förster equation. The anisotropy decay time constants of 6.8 +/- 0.8 ps (tau(1)) and 350 +/- 15 ps (tau(2)) are respectively assigned to intra- and intermonomeric excitation equilibration times. Using the ratio tau(1)/tau(2) and the amplitude of the anisotropy, the best fit of the experimental data is achieved when the Q(y) transition dipole moment is rotated by 2-7 degrees with respect to the y axis in the plane of the Chl a molecule. In contrast to the conclusion of, Biochemistry. 23:1564-1571) that the refractive index (n) in the Förster equation should be equal to that of the solvent, n can be estimated to be 1.6 +/- 0.1, which is larger than that of the solvent (water). Based on our observations we predict that the relatively slow intermonomeric energy transfer in vivo is overruled by faster energy transfer from a PCP monomer to, e.g., the light-harvesting a/c complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Kleima
- Faculty of Sciences, Division of Physics, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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20
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Jankowiak R, Rätsep M, Picorel R, Seibert M, Small GJ. Excited States of the 5-Chlorophyll Photosystem II Reaction Center. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9906738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Jankowiak
- Ames Laboratory−U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080-Zaragoza, Spain, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - M. Rätsep
- Ames Laboratory−U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080-Zaragoza, Spain, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - R. Picorel
- Ames Laboratory−U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080-Zaragoza, Spain, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - M. Seibert
- Ames Laboratory−U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080-Zaragoza, Spain, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - G. J. Small
- Ames Laboratory−U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080-Zaragoza, Spain, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401
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21
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van Brederode ME, van Grondelle R. New and unexpected routes for ultrafast electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction centers. FEBS Lett 1999; 455:1-7. [PMID: 10428460 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In photosynthetic reaction centers, the excitation with light leads to the formation of a charge separated state across the photosynthetic membrane. For the reaction center of purple non-sulphur bacteria, it was previously generally assumed that this primary charge separation could only start with the excitation of the so-called special pair of bacteriochlorophyll molecules located in the heart of the RC. However, recently new and ultrafast pathways of charge separation have been discovered in the bacterial RC that are driven directly by the excited state of the accessory monomeric bacteriochlorophyll present in the active branch of cofactors. These results demonstrate that the route for energy conversion in photosynthesis can be much more flexible than previously thought. We suggest that the existence of multiple charge separation routes is particularly relevant for the mechanism of charge separation in the photosystem II reaction center of higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E van Brederode
- Department of Biophysics and Physics of Complex Systems, Vrije Universiteit and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences (IMBW), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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den Hartog FTH, van Papendrecht C, Störkel U, Völker S. Protein Dynamics in Photosystem II Complexes of Green Plants Studied by Time-Resolved Hole-Burning. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984484l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. T. H. den Hartog
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. van Papendrecht
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U. Störkel
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Völker
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Tsiotis G, Psylinakis M, Woplensinger B, Lustig A, Engel A, Ghanotakis D. Investigation of the structure of spinach photosystem II reaction center complex. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 259:320-4. [PMID: 9914509 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The photosystem II (PSII) reaction center (RC) complex was isolated from spinach and characterized by gel electrophoresis, gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation. The purified complex contained the PsbA, PsbD, PsbE, PsbF and PsbI subunits. Gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation indicated the presence of a homogeneous complex. The mass of the RC complexes was found to be 107 kDa by analytical ultracentrifugation and 132 kDa by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The mass obtained showed the isolated complex to exist as a monomer and only one cytochrome b559 (cyt b559) to be associated with the RC complex. Digital images of negatively stained RC complexes were recorded by STEM and analyzed by single-particle averaging. The complex was 9 nm long and 5 nm wide, and exhibited a pronounced quasi-twofold symmetry. This supports the symmetric organization of the PSII complex, with the PsbA and the PsbD proteins in the center and symmetrically arranged PsbB and PsbC proteins at the periphery of the monomeric complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tsiotis
- M.E. Müller Institute for Microscopy, Biozentrum, University of Basel,Switzerland.
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25
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F. T. H. den Hartog,, Dekker JP, van Grondelle R, Völker S. Spectral Distributions of “Trap” Pigments in the RC, CP47, and CP47−RC Complexes of Photosystem II at Low Temperature: A Fluorescence Line-Narrowing and Hole-Burning Study. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9832793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. T. H. den Hartog,
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. P. Dekker
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. van Grondelle
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Völker
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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den Hartog FTH, Vacha F, Lock AJ, Barber J, Dekker JP, Völker S. Comparison of the Excited-State Dynamics of Five- and Six-Chlorophyll Photosystem II Reaction Center Complexes. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982791l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. T. H. den Hartog
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic, Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, and
| | - F. Vacha
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic, Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, and
| | - A. J. Lock
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic, Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, and
| | - J. Barber
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic, Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, and
| | - J. P. Dekker
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic, Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, and
| | - S. Völker
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic, Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, and
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27
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Zheleva D, Sharma J, Panico M, Morris HR, Barber J. Isolation and characterization of monomeric and dimeric CP47-reaction center photosystem II complexes. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:16122-7. [PMID: 9632665 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.26.16122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the detergents n-dodecyl beta-D-maltoside and heptyl thioglycopyranoside, a subcore complex of photosystem II (PSII) has been isolated that contains the chlorophyll-binding protein, CP47, and the reaction center components, D1, D2, and cytochrome b559. We have found, by using sucrose density centrifugation, that the resulting preparation consisted of a mixture of dimeric and monomeric forms of the CP47 reaction center (RC) complex, having molecular masses of 410 +/- 30 and 200 +/- 28 kDa, respectively, as estimated by size exclusion chromatography. The level of the dimer in the preparation is significantly higher than the monomeric form. Both the monomer and dimer contain the proteins CP47, D1, and D2 and the alpha- and beta-subunits of cytochrome b559. Analyses by mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing showed that both forms of the CP47-RC complex contain the products of the psbI, psbTc (chloroplast gene), and psbW with molecular masses of 4195.5, 3849.6, and 5927.4 Da, respectively. In contrast to the monomeric form, the CP47-RC dimer contained two extra proteins with low molecular weights, identified as the products of the psbL and psbK genes having molecular masses of 4365.5 and 4292.1, respectively. It was also found that the dimer contained slightly more molecules of chlorophyll a (21 +/- 2.5) than the monomer (18 +/- 1.5), a characteristic also observed in the room temperature absorption spectrum by comparing the ratio of absorption at 416 and 435 nm. Of particular note was the finding that the dimer, but not the monomer, contained plastoquinone-9 (estimated to be 1.5 +/- 0.3 molecules per RC). The results indicate that the CP47-RC monomer is derived from the dimeric form of the complex, and therefore the latter is likely to represent an in vivo conformation. The PsbTc as well as the PsbI and PsbW proteins are identified as being intimately associated with the D1 and D2 proteins, and in the case of the dimer, importance is placed on the PsbL and PsbK proteins in sustaining plastoquinone binding and maintenance of the dimeric organization. Assuming only one copy of the alpha- and beta-subunits of cytochrome b559, the monomeric and dimeric forms of the complex would be expected to contain 21 and 23 x 2 transmembrane helices, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zheleva
- Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
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28
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Peterman EJ, van Amerongen H, van Grondelle R, Dekker JP. The nature of the excited state of the reaction center of photosystem II of green plants: a high-resolution fluorescence spectroscopy study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:6128-33. [PMID: 9600929 PMCID: PMC27597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.11.6128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/1997] [Accepted: 03/16/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the electronically excited state of the isolated reaction center of photosystem II with high-resolution fluorescence spectroscopy at 5 K and compared the obtained spectral features with those obtained earlier for the primary electron donor. The results show that there is a striking resemblance between the emitting and charge-separating states in the photosystem II reaction center, such as a very similar shape of the phonon wing with characteristic features at 19 and 80 cm-1, almost identical frequencies of a number of vibrational modes, a very similar double-Gaussian shape of the inhomogeneous distribution function, and relatively strong electron-phonon coupling for both states. We suggest that the emission at 5 K originates either from an exciton state delocalized over the inactive branch of the photosystem or from a fraction of the primary electron donor that is long-lived at 5 K. The latter possibility can be explained by a distribution of the free energy difference of the primary charge separation reaction around zero. Both possibilities are in line with the idea that the state that drives primary charge separation in the reaction center of photosystem II is a collective state, with contributions from all chlorophyll molecules in the central part of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Peterman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Diner BA. [23]Application of spectroscopic techniques to the Study of Photosystem II Mutations Engineered in Synechocystis and Chlamydomonas. Methods Enzymol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(98)97025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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30
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Groot ML, van Grondelle R, Leegwater JA, van Mourik F. Radical Pair Quantum Yield in Reaction Centers of Photosystem II of Green Plants and of the Bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Saturation Behavior with Sub-picosecond Pulses. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971113g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Groot
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Adriaan Leegwater
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Mourik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Tomo T, Mimuro M, Iwaki M, Kobayashi M, Itoh S, Satoh K. Topology of pigments in the isolated Photosystem II reaction center studied by selective extraction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(97)00037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Konermann L, Yruela I, Holzwarth AR. Pigment assignment in the absorption spectrum of the photosystem II reaction center by site-selection fluorescence spectroscopy. Biochemistry 1997; 36:7498-502. [PMID: 9200699 DOI: 10.1021/bi9701484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The steady state fluorescence properties of the photosystem II reaction center (D1-D2-cyt-b559 complex, PSII-RC) have been investigated by site-selection spectroscopy. The pattern of the vibronic bands in the emission spectra is used to identify the fluorescing species that have their absorption maxima on the red edge of the spectrum (at around 682 nm). At 10 K, even samples with a low content of red absorbing chlorophyll a (Chl) show pure Chl emission upon excitation at 685 nm, whereas at 77 K the fluorescence of the PSII-RCs is contributed to by Chl and pheophytin a (Pheo) in a ratio of roughly 8:2. These results allow an unequivocal distinction between two different spectral decompositions that were recently suggested for the absorption spectrum of the PSII-RC [Konermann, L., & Holzwarth, A. R. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 829]. Only one of these decompositions is compatible with the experimental data presented here according to which the absorption on the red edge of the spectrum is dominated by an accessory Chl.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Konermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim, Germany
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33
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Groot ML, Eijckelhoff C, Dekker JP. Charge separation in the reaction center of photosystem II studied as a function of temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:4389-94. [PMID: 9113999 PMCID: PMC20732 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In photosystem II of green plants the key photosynthetic reaction consists of the transfer of an electron from the primary donor called P680 to a nearby pheophytin molecule. We analyzed the temperature dependence of this reaction by subpicosecond transient absorption spectroscopy over the temperature range 20-240 K using isolated photosystem II reaction centers from spinach. After excitation in the red edge of the Qy absorption band, the decay of the excited state can conveniently be described by two kinetic components that both accelerate with temperature. This temperature behavior differs remarkably from that observed in purple bacterial reaction centers. We attribute the first component, which accelerates from 2.6 ps at 20 K to 0.4 ps at 240 K, to charge separation after direct excitation of P680, and explain its temperature dependence by an intermediate that lies in energy above the singlet-excited P680 and that possibly has charge-transfer character. The second component accelerates from 120 ps at 20 K to 18 ps at 240 K and is attributed to charge separation after direct excitation of the "trap" state near-degenerate with P680 and subsequent slow energy transfer from this trap state to P680. We suggest that the slow energy transfer from the trap state to P680 plays an important role in the kinetics of radical pair formation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Groot
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Eijckelhoff C, Vacha F, van Grondelle R, Dekker JP, Barber J. Spectroscopic characterization of a 5 Chl a photosystem II reaction center complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(96)00144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Stoichiometry of pigments and radical pair formation under saturating pulse excitation in D1/D2/cytb559 preparations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(96)00151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Groot ML, Dekker JP, van Grondelle R, den Hartog FTH, Völker S. Energy Transfer and Trapping in Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Centers of Green Plants at Low Temperature. A Study by Spectral Hole Burning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp960326n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Groot
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. P. Dekker
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R. van Grondelle
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F. T. H. den Hartog
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S. Völker
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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37
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Müller MG, Hucke M, Reus M, Holzwarth AR. Primary Processes and Structure of the Photosystem II Reaction Center. 4. Low-Intensity Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectra of D1-D2-cyt-b559 Reaction Centers,. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953714i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc G. Müller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mathias Hucke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Reus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alfred R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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Matrix and temperature effects on absorption spectra of β-carotene and pheophytin a in solution and in green plant photosystem II. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(96)04302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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