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Gilloteaux J, Bouchat J, Bielarz V, Brion JP, Nicaise C. A primary cilium in oligodendrocytes: a fine structure signal of repairs in thalamic Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS). Ultrastruct Pathol 2021; 45:128-157. [PMID: 34154511 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2021.1891161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A murine osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) model of the central nervous system included the relay thalamic ventral posterolateral (VPL) and ventral posteromedial (VPM) nuclei. Morphologic comparisons between treatments have revealed oligodendrocyte changes and, already 12 hours following the osmolality restoration, some heavily contrasted oligodendrocytes formed a unique intracellular primary cilium. This unique structure, found in vivo, in mature CNS oligodendrocytes, could account for a local awakening of some of the developmental proteome as it can be expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells. This resilience accompanied the emergence of arl13b protein expression along with restoration of nerve cell body axon hillocks shown in a previous issue of this journal. Additionally, the return of several thalamic oligodendrocyte fine features (nucleus, organelles) was shown 36 h later, including some mitosis. Those cell restorations and recognized translational activities comforted that local repairs could again take place, due to oligodendrocyte resilience after ODS instead or added to a postulated immigration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells distant from the sites of myelinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Gilloteaux
- Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (Urphym - NARILIS), Départment of Médecine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George's University School of Medicine, KB Taylor Global Scholar's Program at UNN, School of Health and Life Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joanna Bouchat
- Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (Urphym - NARILIS), Départment of Médecine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Valery Bielarz
- Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (Urphym - NARILIS), Départment of Médecine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculté de Médecine Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Nicaise
- Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (Urphym - NARILIS), Départment of Médecine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
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Volobaev VP, Larionov AV, Kalyuzhnaya EE, Serdyukova ES, Yakovleva S, Druzhinin VG, Babich OO, Hill EG, Semenihin VA, Panev NI, Minina VI, Sivanesan SD, Naoghare P, da Silva J, Barcelos GRM, Prosekov AY. Associations of polymorphisms in the cytokine genes IL1β (rs16944), IL6 (rs1800795), IL12b (rs3212227) and growth factor VEGFA (rs2010963) with anthracosilicosis in coal miners in Russia and related genotoxic effects. Mutagenesis 2018; 33:129-135. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin P Volobaev
- Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Russian Federation
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Kemerovo State University, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga O Babich
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Kemerovo State University, Russian Federation
| | - Elena G Hill
- Department of Occupational Pathology, Kemerovo Regional Clinical Hospital, Russian Federation
| | - Victor A Semenihin
- Department for Occupational Pathology, Regional Clinical Center of Miners’ Health, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay I Panev
- Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Russian Federation
| | - Varvara I Minina
- The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Russian Federation
| | | | - Pravin Naoghare
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Brazil
| | - Gustavo R M Barcelos
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Larionov AV, Sinitsky MY, Druzhinin VG, Volobaev VP, Minina VI, Asanov MA, Meyer AV, Tolochko TA, Kalyuzhnaya EE. DNA excision repair and double-strand break repair gene polymorphisms and the level of chromosome aberration in children with long-term exposure to radon. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:466-74. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1186303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V. Larionov
- Department of Genetics, Biology Faculty, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Y. Sinitsky
- Department of Genetics, Biology Faculty, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G. Druzhinin
- Department of Genetics, Biology Faculty, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin P. Volobaev
- Department of Genetics, Biology Faculty, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Varvara I. Minina
- Department of Genetics, Biology Faculty, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim A. Asanov
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Alina V. Meyer
- Department of Genetics, Biology Faculty, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A. Tolochko
- Department of Genetics, Biology Faculty, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina E. Kalyuzhnaya
- Department of Genetics, Biology Faculty, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
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Kuvichkin VV. Isolation of chromatin DNA tightly bound to the nuclear envelope of HeLa cells. J Membr Biol 2012; 245:683-90. [PMID: 22644390 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-012-9437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent discovery of the role of nuclear pores in transcription, predicted by our early DNA-membrane complex (DMC) model, makes membrane-bound DNA (MBD) isolation from the cell nucleus and analysis of the MBD actual. The method of MBD isolation proposed by us retains DMC integrity during isolation. We used HeLa cells for DMC extraction. Changing the ionic composition of the isolation medium and replacing DNase I, used commonly for chromatin destruction, with a set of restriction enzymes allowed us to isolate the MBD. Treatment of a nuclear membrane with proteinase K and ultrasound has been used to increase the yield of MBD. Electron microscopic analysis of the purified fraction of isolated DMC supports our previous model of nuclear envelope lipid-chromatin interaction in the nuclear pore assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Vladimirovich Kuvichkin
- Department of Reception Mechanisms, Institute of Cell Biopysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia,
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Gilloteaux J, Kashouty R, Yono N. The perinuclear space of pancreatic acinar cells and the synthetic pathway of zymogen in Scorpaena scrofa L.: Ultrastructural aspects. Tissue Cell 2008; 40:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gemperli AC, Schaffitzel C, Jakob C, Steuber J. Transport of Na+ and K+ by an antiporter-related subunit from the Escherichia coli NADH dehydrogenase I produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Microbiol 2007; 188:509-21. [PMID: 17583799 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-007-0272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The NADH dehydrogenase I from Escherichia coli is a bacterial homolog of the mitochondrial complex I which translocates Na(+) rather than H(+). To elucidate the mechanism of Na(+) transport, the C-terminally truncated NuoL subunit (NuoL(N)) which is related to Na(+)/H(+) antiporters was expressed as a protein A fusion protein (ProtA-NuoL(N)) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which lacks an endogenous complex I. The fusion protein inserted into membranes from the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), as confirmed by differential centrifugation and Western analysis. Membrane vesicles containing ProtA-NuoL(N) catalyzed the uptake of Na(+) and K(+) at rates which were significantly higher than uptake by the control vesicles under identical conditions, demonstrating that ProtA-NuoL(N) translocated Na(+) and K(+) independently from other complex I subunits. Na(+) transport by ProtA-NuoL(N) was inhibited by EIPA (5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride) which specifically reacts with Na(+)/H(+) antiporters. The cation selectivity and function of the NuoL subunit as a transporter module of the NADH dehydrogenase complex is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja C Gemperli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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Sokolova IA, Volgin AU, Makarova NV, Volgina VV, Shishkin SS, Khodarev NN. Internucleosomal chromatin degradation in myeloma and B-hybridoma cell cultures. FEBS Lett 1992; 313:295-9. [PMID: 1332885 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)81213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The activity of Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease (CME) is strongly inhibited in myeloma X-63.Ag8.653 and B-hybridoma MLC-1c as compared with mouse splenocytes. Nevertheless, pronounced internucleosomal chromatin degradation occurs in both cell lines during long-term cultivation without passing. In isolated cell nuclei of X-63 the activation of CME, which precedes chromatin fragmentation in vivo and loss of cell viability, is revealed. The time-course of CME activation is opposite to cell proliferation and is not accompanied by alterations in enzyme quantity. The results suggest that cell death of X-63 and MLC-1c occurs via apoptosis, and involves the mechanisms controlling the activation and/or interaction of CME with chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Sokolova
- National Research Center of Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
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Tkacheva TI, Kirzon SS, Khodarev NN, Votrin II. Changes in Ca,Mg-dependent DNA endonuclease in isolated human lymphocyte nuclei in lymphoproliferative diseases. Bull Exp Biol Med 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00841426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Abstract
In the nuclei fixed in situ, as well as in nuclei in low-ionic-strength solutions containing magnesium ions, chromatin is represented by globular nucleomeric fibrils 20-25 nm in diameter. Staphylococcal or endogenous nucleases cleave chromatin fibrils to nucleomers and multinucleomers. On removal of firmly bound magnesium, the nucleomers unfold into chains of four, six or eight nucleosomes. Mild staphylococcal nuclease digestion of nuclear chromatin releases mononucleomers, dinucleomers and trinucleomers that sediment in the sucrose density gradient in the presence of EDTA as 37-S, 47-S and 55-S particles, respectively. The mononucleomers in the sucrose density gradient with MgCl2 sediment as 45-S particles. The determination of the length of staphylococcal-nuclease-digested DNAs contained in the chromatin fragments showed that a nucleomer is composed of 8, and a dimer and trimer of 14-16 and 21-24 nucleosomes, respectively. When deprived of Mg2+ ions, the monomers lose their compactness (45 S) and become loose particles (37 S). This transition is completely reversible if nucleomers contain histone H1. Removal of this histone or dialysis of the nucleomer against EDTA at low ionic strength results in the complete unfolding of the nucleomer into a chain of nucleosomes. A structural model of a nucleomer fibril is suggested where the helicity of the nucleosome chain in a nucleomer (two turns of four nucleosomes each) is periodically discontinued. Such an organization of chromatin apparently provides additional hindrances for site-specific recognition of DNA in chromatin but permits local changes (within a single nucleomer) in chromatin when a hindrance is abolished.
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Mann K, Mecke D. The isolation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear membranes with nuclease and high-salt treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 687:57-62. [PMID: 7041977 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(82)90169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear membranes were prepared from isolated nuclei by digesting chromatin with deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease, washing of residual nuclei with 0.5 M MgCl2, and discontinuous gradient centrifugation in buffered Ficoll solutions. Electron microscopic examination of the preparations showed single membrane and double membrane vesicles and membrane sheets. Pores or residual pores were often visible. In double membrane profiles the two unit membranes were often separated by the remains of the perinuclear cistern. The nuclear membrane fragments contained 58% protein, 23.8% phospholipid, 6% sterols, 7.1% neutral acylglycerols, 4.8% RNA, and 0.3% DNA. The phospholipid content of the membrane preparations was influenced by a phospholipase activity with acidic pH optimum.
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Poyer JL, McCay PB, Weddle CC, Downs PE. In vivo spin-trapping of radicals formed during halothane metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 1981; 30:1517-9. [PMID: 6268102 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(81)90375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Smith P, von Holt C. Interaction of the activated cytoplasmic glucocorticoid hormone receptor complex with the nuclear envelope. Biochemistry 1981; 20:2900-8. [PMID: 6264948 DOI: 10.1021/bi00513a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly purified activated cytoplasmic glucocorticoid hormone receptor binds with high affinity to sites in the nuclear envelope. Nuclear envelope fragments can be isolated from purified chromatin. They bind activated cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor with the same equilibrium constant as nuclear envelopes. The presence of envelope components in chromatin is confirmed by the virtual identity of the gel electrophoretic glycoprotein pattern of nuclear envelope, chromatin nonhistones, and nuclear envelope fragments from chromatin.
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14
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Toth E, Tabachnick M. In vivo demonstration of the presence of specific saturable binding sites for triiodothyronine in nuclei of tadpole liver. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1979; 38:345-55. [PMID: 226454 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(79)90068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Harris JR. The biochemistry and ultrastructure of the nuclear envelope. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 515:55-104. [PMID: 346065 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(78)90008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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17
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Sikstrom R, Lanoix J, Bergeron JJ. An enzymic analysis of a nuclear envelope fraction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 448:88-102. [PMID: 183834 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(76)90078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A rat liver nuclear envelope fraction isolated essentially by the technique of Monneron et al. (J. Cell Biol. 55, 104-125 (1972) is characterized by high levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase. A broadly specific nucleoside triphosphatase activity is present. Cytochromes b5 and P-450 as well as NADPH- and NADH-cytochrome c reductase activities are present but at lower levels than found in microsomes. Cytochrome c oxidase activity is low. RNA polymerase activity is absent from the nuclear envelope fraction. Cytochemistry shows that glucose-6-phosphatase activity is strong and restricted to the nuclear envelope of nuclei. 5'-Nucleotidase shows weak reaction deposit in whole nuclei but in contrast gives clear reaction deposit in isolated nuclear envelopes. Cytochemical reaction deposit due to nucleoside triphosphatase activity is not restricted to the nuclear envelope but is found to a larger extent within the nucleus.
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18
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Riley DE, Keller JM, Byers B. The isolation and characterization of nuclear ghosts from cultured HeLa cells. Biochemistry 1975; 14:3005-13. [PMID: 1096936 DOI: 10.1021/bi00684a033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular complexes, which appear as ghosts when viewed by phase contrast microscopy, have been isolated from the nuclei of HeLa cells grown in culture. The preparation of these ghosts involves a detergent wash which removes the unit membranes of the nuclear envelop structure but leaves intact both the nuclear pores and the dense structure conferring nuclear margins (possibly the dense lamella). Detergent-washed nuclei are subsequently treated with 0.5 M MgCl2 and fractionated on continuous sucrose gradients containing 0.5 M MgCl2. The ghosts are recovered as a sharp band at an apparent sucrose density of 47-52% and consist of 72% protein, 10% phospholipid, 14% DNA, And 4% RNA. The release of the majority of intranuclear components is indicated by the large loss of nuclear DNA (95%), RNA (71%), and protein (87%) contrasted to the small loss of phospholipid (27%) druing the conversion of detergent washed nuclei to isolated ghosts. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel patterns of the ghost proteins consist of two major bands with approximate molecular weights of 20,000 and 35,000. The isolation of ghosts with a similar density and protein composition from nondetergent-washed nuclei indicates that the ghost is not an artifact induced by the detergent treatment. The absence of cytoplasmic contamination in the preparations of detergent washed nuclei and nuclear ghosts was demonstrated by chemical, enzymatic, and electron microscope studies. We suggest that the isolated ghosts represent a structural macromolecular complex which underlies and is probably attached to the inner nuclear membrane of intact nuclei. The possible additional presence of intranuclear network proteins has not been excluded.
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Aaronson RP, Blobel G. Isolation of nuclear pore complexes in association with a lamina. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:1007-11. [PMID: 1055359 PMCID: PMC432453 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.3.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes have been isolated in association with a 150 A thick lamina by detergent and salt fractionation of nuclear envelopes from rat liver. The pore complexes exhibit characteristic morphology and appear to be attached in a highly specific orientation to the lamina, which extends over relatively large areas. The pore complex-lamina fraction is composed of three major and several minor polypeptides with little or no DNA, RNA, or phospholipid. It is suggested that the association of the pore complexes and the lamina reflects the structural arrangement of the nuclear periphery in vivo.
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20
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Cox GS, Weissbach H. Stimulation of the uptake of soluble proteins into isolated HeLa nuclei by pancreatic deoxyribonuclease. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Electron microscope examination of isolated rat liver nuclei after treatment with the detergent Triton X-100 revealed the complete removal of both the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope. The envelope-denuded nuclei did not show any change in either shape or internal ultrastructure. Most strikingly, the nuclear pore complexes, which in untreated nuclei appear to be integral components of the nuclear envelope, were retained in their characteristic location at the distal ends of the channels leading through the peripheral heterochromatin. Determination of the chemical composition of detergent-treated nuclei showed that over 95% of the nuclear phospholipid was solubilized, thus corroborating the morphological absence of nuclear membranes. Furthermore, detergent treatment also solubilized approximately 10% of the nuclear protein. Analysis of the solubilized protein by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS indicated that these proteins belong to a few specific classes which presumably represent the major polypeptides of the nuclear membranes. The total absence of the nuclear envelope on both morphological and biochemical grounds supports the idea that the nuclear pore complex does not require the membranes either for attachment to the nucleus or for maintenance of its own structural integrity.
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Harris JR, Price MR, Willison M. A comparative study on rat liver and hepatoma nuclear membranes. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1974; 48:17-32. [PMID: 4135100 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(74)80042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Metuzals J, Mushynski WE. Electron microscope and experimental investigations of the neurofilamentous network in Deiters' neurons. Relationship with the cell surface and nuclear pores. J Cell Biol 1974; 61:701-22. [PMID: 4599504 PMCID: PMC2109302 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.61.3.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of filamentous elements and their relations to the plasma membrane and to the nuclear pores have been studied in Deiters' neurons of rabbit brain. Electron microscopy of thin sections and of ectoplasm spread preparations have been integrated with physicochemical experiments and differential interference microscopy of freshly isolated cells. A neurofilamentous network extends as a continuous, three-dimensional, semilattice structure throughout the ectoplasm, the "plasma roads," and the perinuclear zone of the perikaryon. This space network consists of approximately 90-A wide neurofilaments arranged in fascicles which are interconnected by an exchange of neurofilaments. The neurofilaments consist of intercoiled approximately 20-A wide unit-filaments and are associated through cross-associating filaments with other neurofilaments of the fascicle and with microfilaments. The approximately 20-50-A wide microfilaments display intimate associations with the plasma membrane and with the nuclear pores. Electron microscopy of thin sections from glycerinated and heavy meromyosin-treated Deiters' neurons shows that actin-like filaments are present in the pre- and postsynaptic regions of synapses terminating on these neurons. It is proposed that the neurofilamentous space network serves a transducing function by linking plasma membrane activities with the genetic machinery of the neuron.
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Bosmann HB. Molecules at the external nuclear surface. Sialic acid of nuclear membranes and electrophoretic mobility of isolated nuclei and nucleoli. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1973; 59:601-14. [PMID: 4761332 PMCID: PMC2109112 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.59.3.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecules occurring as terminal residues on the external surfaces of nuclei prepared from rat liver by either sucrose-CaCl(2) or citric acid methods and nucleoli derived from the sucrose-CaCl(2) nuclei were studied chemically and electrokinetically. In 0.0145 M NaCl, 4.5% sorbitol, and 0.6 mM NaHCO(3) with pH 7.2 +/- 0.1 at 25 degrees C, the sucrose-CaCl(2) nuclei had an electrophoretic mobility of -1.92 microm/s/V/cm, the citric acid nuclei, -1.63 microm/s/V/cm, and the nucleoli, -2.53 microm/s/V/cm. The citric acid nuclei and the nucleoli contained no measurable sialic acid. The sucrose-CaCl(2) nuclei contained 0.7 nmol of sialic acid/mg nuclear protein; this was essentially located in the nuclear envelope. Treatment of these nuclei with 50 microg neuraminidase/mg protein resulted in release of 0.63 nmol of sialic acid/mg nuclear protein; treatment with 1 % trypsin caused release of 0.39 nmol of the sialic acid/mg nuclear protein. The pH-mobility curves for the particles indicated the sucrose-CaCl(2) nuclei surface had an acid-dissociable group of pK. approximately 2.7 while the pK for the nucleoli was considerably lower. Nucleoli treated with 50 microg neuraminidase/mg particle protein had a mobility of -2.53 microm/s/V/cm while sucrose-CaCl(2) nuclei similarly treated had a mobility of -1.41 microm/s/V/cm. Hyaluronidase at 50 microg/mg protein had no effect on nucleoli mobility but decreased the sucrose-CaCl(2) nuclei mobility to -1.79 microm/s/V/cm. Trypsin at 1 % elevated the electrophoretic mobility of the sucrose-CaCl(2) nuclei slightly but decreased the mobility of the nucleoli to -2.09 microm/s/V/cm. DNase at 50 microg/mg protein had no effect on the mobility of the isolated sucrose-CaCl(2) nuclei but decreased the electrophoretic mobility of the nucleoli to -1.21 microm/s/V/cm. RNase at 50 microg/mg protein also had no effect on the electrophoretic mobility of the sucrose-CaCl(2) nuclei but decreased the nucleoli mobility to -2.10 microm/s/V/cm. Concanavalin A at 50 microg/mg protein did not alter the nucleoli electrophoretic mobility but decreased the sucrose-CaCl(2) nuclei electrophoretic mobility to -1.64 microm/s/V/cm. The results are interpreted to mean that the sucrose-CaCl(2) nuclear external surface contains terminal sialic acid residues in trypsin-sensitive glycoproteins, contains small amounts of hyaluronic acid, is completely devoid of nucleic acids, and binds concanavalin A. The nucleolus surface is interpreted to contain a complex made up of protein, RNA, and primarily DNA, to be devoid of sialic acid and hyaluronic acid, and not to bind concanavalin A.
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Franke WW, Deumling B, Zentgraf H, Falk H, Rae PM. Nuclear membranes from mammalian liver. IV. Characterization of membrane-attached DNA. Exp Cell Res 1973; 81:365-92. [PMID: 4758906 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(73)90527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Kartenbeck J, Jarasch ED, Franke WW. Nuclear membranes from mammalian liver. VI. Glucose-6-phosphatase in rat liver, a cytochemical and biochemical study. Exp Cell Res 1973; 81:175-94. [PMID: 4357030 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(73)90125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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29
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Andre J, Rochefort H. Specific effect of estrogens on an interaction between the uterine estradiol receptor and DNA. FEBS Lett 1973; 29:135-40. [PMID: 4352505 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Engelhardt P, Pusa K. Nuclear pore complexes: "press-stud" elements of chromosomes in pairing and control. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1972; 240:163-6. [PMID: 4564189 DOI: 10.1038/newbio240163a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kay RR, Fraser D, Johnston IR. A method for the rapid isolation of nuclear membranes from rat liver. Characterisation of the membrane preparation and its associated DNA polymerase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1972; 30:145-54. [PMID: 4343806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb02081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Monneron A, Blobel G, Palade GE. Fractionation of the nucleus by divalent cations. Isolation of nuclear membranes. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1972; 55:104-25. [PMID: 4120072 PMCID: PMC2108744 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.55.1.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
0.3-0.5 M MgCl(2) was used to disassemble nuclei and to isolate by a single centrifugation in less than 3 hr a nuclear envelope fraction in 55-60% yield as assessed by phospholipid recovery. Its gross chemical composition was determined and its morphology was studied electron microscopically by sectioning, freeze etching, and negative staining procedures.
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